Nikolai Rogdaev
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Nikolai Ignatievich Rogdaev (Shilkino,
Klinsky Uyezd Klinsky Uyezd (''Клинский уезд'') was one of the subdivisions of the Moscow Governorate of the Russian Empire. It was situated in the northern part of the governorate. Its administrative centre was Klin. Demographics At the time of the ...
,
Moscow Moscow ( , US chiefly ; rus, links=no, Москва, r=Moskva, p=mɐskˈva, a=Москва.ogg) is the capital and largest city of Russia. The city stands on the Moskva River in Central Russia, with a population estimated at 13.0 million ...
, 1880
Tashkent Tashkent (, uz, Toshkent, Тошкент/, ) (from russian: Ташкент), or Toshkent (; ), also historically known as Chach is the capital and largest city of Uzbekistan. It is the most populous city in Central Asia, with a population of ...
, 1934) was a leader of the
Russian anarchist movement Anarchism in Russia has its roots in the early mutual aid systems of the medieval republics and later in the popular resistance to the Tsarist autocracy and serfdom. Through the history of radicalism during the early 19th-century, anarchism de ...
.


Biography

A Czech by nationality, he took part in the revolutionary movement from the late 1890s, at first becoming close to the
Socialist-Revolutionary Party The Socialist Revolutionary Party, or the Party of Socialist-Revolutionaries (the SRs, , or Esers, russian: эсеры, translit=esery, label=none; russian: Партия социалистов-революционеров, ), was a major politi ...
. In 1902 he emigrated abroad, where he became an anarchist, joining some of the first Russian anarchist organizations abroad. In 1905–1907 he was one of the organizers of anarcho-communist groups in
Kyiv Kyiv, also spelled Kiev, is the capital and most populous city of Ukraine. It is in north-central Ukraine along the Dnieper, Dnieper River. As of 1 January 2021, its population was 2,962,180, making Kyiv the List of European cities by populat ...
and
Yekaterinoslav Dnipro, previously called Dnipropetrovsk from 1926 until May 2016, is Ukraine's fourth-largest city, with about one million inhabitants. It is located in the eastern part of Ukraine, southeast of the Ukrainian capital Kyiv on the Dnieper Rive ...
. In 1907 he took part in the
International Anarchist Congress of Amsterdam The International Anarchist Congress of Amsterdam took place from 24 August to 31 August 1907. It gathered delegates from 14 countries, among which important figures of the anarchist movement, including Errico Malatesta, Luigi Fabbri, Benoît B ...
, where he made reports on the anarchist and syndicalist movement in Russia. From July 1908, he was editor-in-chief of the socio-political newspaper '' Burevestnik'', the central organ of the eponymous Geneva Anarchist Communist Group. It became the largest anarchist publication in the Russian Empire during the 1900s, with a circulation of up to 5 thousand copies. In the early 1910s, Rogdaev opposed the " anarcho-mysticism" of Apollon Karelin. It was Rogdaev who introduced the expression “Karelinism” into circulation, which meant a combination of conspiratorial methods and mystical rituals. In 1914 Rogdaev fell victim to a provocation by Zakhar Vyrovy, a former member of the
State Duma The State Duma (russian: Госуда́рственная ду́ма, r=Gosudárstvennaja dúma), commonly abbreviated in Russian as Gosduma ( rus, Госду́ма), is the lower house of the Federal Assembly of Russia, while the upper house ...
who collaborated with the police. Vladimir Burtsev, a hunter for police informants, received information about a provocation among the anarchists. However, as a result of some tactical moves, Vyrovy had broken up a group of communist anarchists who began to suspect each other of betraying each other. As a result, suspicion fell not on Vyrovy, but on Rogdaev. On this occasion, the
Minister of Foreign Affairs A foreign affairs minister or minister of foreign affairs (less commonly minister for foreign affairs) is generally a cabinet minister in charge of a state's foreign policy and relations. The formal title of the top official varies between cou ...
,
Alexander Krasilnikov Alexander is a male given name. The most prominent bearer of the name is Alexander the Great, the king of the Ancient Greek kingdom of Macedonia who created one of the largest empires in ancient history. Variants listed here are Aleksandar, Al ...
, reported with satisfaction to the
Police Department The police are a constituted body of persons empowered by a state, with the aim to enforce the law, to ensure the safety, health and possessions of citizens, and to prevent crime and civil disorder. Their lawful powers include arrest and ...
: "The Rogdaev case led to the fact that the existence of the co-organized Parisian federation of anarchist-communists can be considered complete." Soon after the Rogdaev case, Vyrova left this group of anarchists. In 1917, Rogdaev returned to
Russia Russia (, , ), or the Russian Federation, is a List of transcontinental countries, transcontinental country spanning Eastern Europe and North Asia, Northern Asia. It is the List of countries and dependencies by area, largest country in the ...
, was a supporter of cooperation with the
Bolsheviks The Bolsheviks (russian: Большевики́, from большинство́ ''bol'shinstvó'', 'majority'),; derived from ''bol'shinstvó'' (большинство́), "majority", literally meaning "one of the majority". also known in English ...
, and was engaged in propaganda work, supervising Soviet propaganda in
Turkestan Turkestan, also spelled Turkistan ( fa, ترکستان, Torkestân, lit=Land of the Turks), is a historical region in Central Asia corresponding to the regions of Transoxiana and Xinjiang. Overview Known as Turan to the Persians, western Turke ...
. From 1923 he was an employee of the Peter Kropotkin Museum in
Moscow Moscow ( , US chiefly ; rus, links=no, Москва, r=Moskva, p=mɐskˈva, a=Москва.ogg) is the capital and largest city of Russia. The city stands on the Moskva River in Central Russia, with a population estimated at 13.0 million ...
. During the conflict with the anarcho-mystics within the All-Russian Public Committee for the perpetuation of the memory of Peter Kropotkin, Rogdaev supported
Alexei Borovoi Alexei Alexeyevich Borovoi (1875–1935) was a Russian individualist anarchist writer, orator, teacher and propagandist. Biography Borovoi was born on 30 October 1875 in Moscow. In 1906, Borovoi began giving lectures about anarchism in a number ...
. In 1927, together with Borovoi and other well-known anarchists (among them
Alexander Atabekian Alexander Movsesi Atabekian ( hy, Ալեքսանդր Մովսեսի Աթաբեկյան; 2 February 1868 – 4 December 1933) was a prominent Armenian anarchist, author and publisher of anarchist literature in Russian. Biography Alexander Movse ...
, Nikolai Lebedev, Vladimir Barmash,
German Askarov German Karlovich Askarov (1882-1937?) was a anarchist Anarchism is a political philosophy and movement that is skeptical of all justifications for authority and seeks to abolish the institutions it claims maintain unnecessary coercio ...
and Lydia Gogelia), apparently with the approval of the
Moscow Soviet The Mossoviet (Russian: Моссовет), an abbreviation of Moscow Soviet, (Московский Совет) was established following the February Revolution . Initially it was a parallel, shadow city administration of Moscow, Russia run by lef ...
, Rogdaev protested publicly against the execution of
Sacco and Vanzetti Nicola Sacco (; April 22, 1891 – August 23, 1927) and Bartolomeo Vanzetti (; June 11, 1888 – August 23, 1927) were Italian immigrant anarchists who were controversially accused of murdering Alessandro Berardelli and Frederick Parmenter, a ...
. In the spring and summer of 1929, Rogdaev and other supporters of Borovoi in Moscow were arrested by the
OGPU The Joint State Political Directorate (OGPU; russian: Объединённое государственное политическое управление) was the intelligence and state security service and secret police of the Soviet Union f ...
. In 1930, he was sentenced to 3 years of political isolation by the OGPU Collegium on charges of resuming active anarchist activities, ties with "anarcho-emigration" and
anti-Soviet agitation Anti-Soviet agitation and propaganda (ASA) (russian: антисове́тская агита́ция и пропага́нда (АСА)) was a criminal offence in the Soviet Union. To begin with the term was interchangeably used with counter-revolu ...
. He served his term in the Suzdal political isolator. Then he was exiled to
Tashkent Tashkent (, uz, Toshkent, Тошкент/, ) (from russian: Ташкент), or Toshkent (; ), also historically known as Chach is the capital and largest city of Uzbekistan. It is the most populous city in Central Asia, with a population of ...
, where he suffered a cerebral hemorrhage and fell down in the street. He died, coincidentally, in ''Via Sacco and Vanzetti''.


References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Rogdaev, Nikolai Ignatievich 1880 births 1934 deaths People from Klinsky Uyezd Russian people of Czech descent Anarcho-communists Czech anarchists Russian anarchists Russian revolutionaries Prisoners of the Peter and Paul Fortress