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Nikodem Caro (; 23 May 1871,
Łódź Łódź, also rendered in English as Lodz, is a city in central Poland and a former industrial centre. It is the capital of Łódź Voivodeship, and is located approximately south-west of Warsaw. The city's coat of arms is an example of canti ...
, then
Russian Empire The Russian Empire was an empire and the final period of the Russian monarchy from 1721 to 1917, ruling across large parts of Eurasia. It succeeded the Tsardom of Russia following the Treaty of Nystad, which ended the Great Northern War. ...
– 27 June 1935,
Rome , established_title = Founded , established_date = 753 BC , founder = King Romulus (legendary) , image_map = Map of comune of Rome (metropolitan city of Capital Rome, region Lazio, Italy).svg , map_caption ...
,
Italy Italy ( it, Italia ), officially the Italian Republic, ) or the Republic of Italy, is a country in Southern Europe. It is located in the middle of the Mediterranean Sea, and its territory largely coincides with the homonymous geographical re ...
) was an industrial
chemist A chemist (from Greek ''chēm(ía)'' alchemy; replacing ''chymist'' from Medieval Latin ''alchemist'') is a scientist trained in the study of chemistry. Chemists study the composition of matter and its properties. Chemists carefully describe th ...
and entrepreneur. Caro was born in Łódź, and studied chemistry in
Berlin Berlin ( , ) is the capital and largest city of Germany by both area and population. Its 3.7 million inhabitants make it the European Union's most populous city, according to population within city limits. One of Germany's sixteen constitue ...
at the Royal Technical College of Charlottenburg (now
Technical University of Berlin The Technical University of Berlin (official name both in English and german: link=no, Technische Universität Berlin, also known as TU Berlin and Berlin Institute of Technology) is a public research university located in Berlin, Germany. It was ...
) and got his doctorate from
Rostock University The University of Rostock (german: link=no, Universität Rostock) is a public university located in Rostock, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany. Founded in 1419, it is the third-oldest university in Germany. It is the oldest university in continen ...
. From 1895 on he worked in the Deutsche Dynamit AG with
Adolph Frank Adolph Frank (January 20, 1834 – May 30, 1916) was a German-Jew chemist, engineer, and businessman. He is best known for having discovered uses of potash and creating the industry. Adolph Frank was born in the town of Klötze (now in Altmarkkre ...
on the development of
calcium cyanamide Calcium cyanamide is the inorganic compound with the formula CaCN2. It is the calcium salt of the cyanamide () anion. This chemical is used as fertilizer and is commercially known as nitrolime. It was first synthesized in 1898 by Adolph Frank and ...
as a means of fixing nitrogen, hence the Frank-Caro process. Caro became an important figure in the
nitrogen fixation Nitrogen fixation is a chemical process by which molecular nitrogen (), with a strong triple covalent bond, in the air is converted into ammonia () or related nitrogenous compounds, typically in soil or aquatic systems but also in industry. Atmo ...
industry and a rival of
Fritz Haber Fritz Haber (; 9 December 186829 January 1934) was a German chemist who received the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1918 for his invention of the Haber–Bosch process, a method used in industry to synthesize ammonia from nitrogen gas and hydrogen ...
. Caro also contributed to the production of combat gases used by German troops during
World War I World War I (28 July 1914 11 November 1918), often abbreviated as WWI, was one of the deadliest global conflicts in history. Belligerents included much of Europe, the Russian Empire, the United States, and the Ottoman Empire, with fightin ...
. After the war he became the first president of Bayerische Stickstoffwerke AG.Degussa
/ref> Caro is the author of many works about various elements, synthesis a chemical compounds actions e.g. ''Gewinnung von Chlor und Salzsäure'' (1893), ''Landwirtschaftliche Untersuchungen'' (1895), ''Handbuch für Acetylen'' (1904),Caro, N., A. Ludwig und J. H. Vogel
Handbuch für Acetylen in technischer und wissenschaftlicher Hinsicht. Braunschweig 1904. ''Die Torflager als Kraftquellen'' (1907). After
Hitler Adolf Hitler (; 20 April 188930 April 1945) was an Austrian-born German politician who was dictator of Germany from 1933 until his death in 1945. He rose to power as the leader of the Nazi Party, becoming the chancellor in 1933 and then ...
's rise to power he left Berlin, emigrating through Switzerland to Italy. Caro died in 1935 and was buried in
Zürich Zürich () is the list of cities in Switzerland, largest city in Switzerland and the capital of the canton of Zürich. It is located in north-central Switzerland, at the northwestern tip of Lake Zürich. As of January 2020, the municipality has 43 ...
.


See also

*
Heinrich Caro Heinrich Caro (February 13, 1834 in Posen, Prussia Germany now Poznań, Poland – September 11, 1910 in Dresden), was a German chemist. He was a Sephardic Jew. He started his study of chemistry at the Friedrich Wilhelms University and later ...
, inventor of the "Caro's acid" (
peroxymonosulfuric acid Peroxymonosulfuric acid, , also known as persulfuric acid, peroxysulfuric acid, or Caro's acid. In this acid, the S(VI) center adopts its characteristic tetrahedral geometry; the connectivity is indicated by the formula HO–O–S(O)2–OH. It is ...
) *
Poison gas in World War I The use of toxic chemicals as weapons dates back thousands of years, but the first large scale use of chemical weapons was during World War I. They were primarily used to demoralize, injure, and kill entrenched defenders, against whom the indisc ...


External links


Degussa-history.com - biography


References

1871 births 1935 deaths Polish chemists 19th-century German chemists Polish Sephardi Jews 20th-century German chemists People from Łódź Emigrants from Congress Poland to Germany {{Germany-chemist-stub