![Mariehamn at night](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/86/Mariehamn_at_night.jpg)
Night photography (also called nighttime photography) refers to
the activity of capturing
images
An image is a visual representation of something. It can be two-dimensional, three-dimensional, or somehow otherwise feed into the visual system to convey information. An image can be an artifact, such as a photograph or other two-dimensiona ...
outdoors at
night
Night (also described as night time, unconventionally spelled as "nite") is the period of ambient darkness from sunset to sunrise during each 24-hour day, when the Sun is below the horizon. The exact time when night begins and ends depends ...
, between
dusk
Dusk occurs at the darkest stage of twilight, or at the very end of astronomical twilight after sunset and just before nightfall.''The Random House College Dictionary'', "dusk". At predusk, during early to intermediate stages of twilight, enou ...
and
dawn
Dawn is the time that marks the beginning of twilight before sunrise. It is recognized by the appearance of indirect sunlight being scattered in Earth's atmosphere, when the centre of the Sun's disc has reached 18° below the observer's hori ...
. Night photographers generally have a choice between using artificial
lighting
Lighting or illumination is the deliberate use of light to achieve practical or aesthetic effects. Lighting includes the use of both artificial light sources like lamps and light fixtures, as well as natural illumination by capturing daylig ...
and using a
long exposure
Long-exposure, time-exposure, or slow-shutter photography involves using a long-duration shutter speed to sharply capture the stationary elements of images while blurring, smearing, or obscuring the moving elements. Long-exposure photography ...
,
exposing the shot for seconds, minutes, or even hours in order to give
photosensitive Photosensitivity is the amount to which an object reacts upon receiving photons, especially visible light. In medicine, the term is principally used for abnormal reactions of the skin, and two types are distinguished, photoallergy and phototoxicit ...
film or an
image sensor
An image sensor or imager is a sensor that detects and conveys information used to make an image. It does so by converting the variable attenuation of light waves (as they pass through or reflect off objects) into signals, small bursts of c ...
enough time to capture a desirable image. With the progress of
high-speed films, higher-sensitivity
digital sensor
A digital sensor is an electronic or electrochemical sensor, where data is digitally converted and transmitted. Sensors are often used for analytical measurements, e.g. the measurement of chemical and physical properties of liquids. Typical measure ...
s, wide-
aperture
In optics, an aperture is a hole or an opening through which light travels. More specifically, the aperture and focal length of an optical system determine the cone angle of a bundle of rays that come to a focus in the image plane.
An ...
lenses, and the ever-greater power of urban lights, night photography is increasingly possible using
available light
In photography and cinematography, available light (also called ambient light or practical light) refers to any ''available'' source of light that is not explicitly supplied by the photographer for the purpose of taking pictures. The term usu ...
.
History
The very long exposure times of early photographic processes didn't mean people didn't try to take photographs at night from quite early on. The development of mechanical
clock drive
In astronomy, a clock drive (also known as a field rotator) is a motor-controlled mechanism used to move an equatorial mounted telescope along one axis to keep the aim in exact sync with the apparent motion of the fixed stars on the celestial ...
s meant cameras attached to telescopes could eventually capture successful images of celestial objects.
The first-known attempt at
astronomical photography
Astrophotography, also known as astronomical imaging, is the photography or imaging of astronomical objects, celestial events, or areas of the night sky. The first photograph of an astronomical object (the Moon) was taken in 1840, but it was n ...
was by
Louis Jacques Mandé Daguerre
Louis-Jacques-Mandé Daguerre ( , ; 18 November 1787 – 10 July 1851) was a French artist and photographer, recognized for his invention of the eponymous daguerreotype process of photography. He became known as one of the fathers of photo ...
, inventor of the daguerreotype process which bears his name, who attempted in 1839 to photograph the Moon. Tracking errors in guiding the telescope during the long exposure meant the photograph came out as an indistinct fuzzy spot.
John William Draper, New York University Professor of Chemistry, physician and scientific experimenter managed to make the first successful photograph of the moon a year later on March 23, 1840, taking a 20-minute-long daguerreotype image using a 5-inch (13 cm) reflecting telescope.
The increasing use of
street lighting
A street light, light pole, lamp pole, lamppost, street lamp, light standard, or lamp standard is a raised source of light on the edge of a road or path. Similar lights may be found on a railway platform. When urban electric power distribution ...
throughout the second half of the 19th century meant it was possible to capture nighttime scenes despite the long exposure times of the equipment of the period.
Developments in illumination, especially through the use of electricity, coincided with the shortening of exposure times. By the beginning of the 20th century newspapers and journals often showed night time views usually of illuminated urban streets or places of amusement such as
Coney Island.
In the early 1900s, a few notable photographers,
Alfred Stieglitz and William Fraser, began working at night. The first known female night photographer is
Jessie Tarbox Beals
Jessie Tarbox Beals (December 23, 1870 – May 30, 1942) was an American photographer, the first published female photojournalist in the United States and the first female night photographer.
She is best known for her freelance news photograp ...
. The first photographers known to have produced large bodies of work at night were
Brassai and
Bill Brandt
Bill Brandt (born Hermann Wilhelm Brandt; 2 May 1904 – 20 December 1983)Paul DelanyBill Brandt: A Life was a British photographer and photojournalist. Born in Germany, Brandt moved to England, where he became known for his images of British ...
. In 1932, Brassai published ''Paris de Nuit'', a book of black-and-white photographs of the streets of Paris at night. During
World War II
World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—forming two opposing ...
, British photographer Brandt took advantage of the black-out conditions to photograph the streets of London by
moonlight.
Photography at night found several new practitioners in the 1970s, beginning with the black and white photographs that
Richard Misrach
Richard Misrach (born 1949) is an American photographer. He has photographed the deserts of the American West, and pursued projects that document the changes in the natural environment that have been wrought by various man-made factors such as ...
made of desert flora (1975–77).
Joel Meyerowitz
Joel Meyerowitz (born March 6, 1938) is an American street, portrait and landscape photographer. He began photographing in color in 1962 and was an early advocate of the use of color during a time when there was significant resistance to the id ...
made luminous large format color studies of Cape Cod at nightfall which were published in his influential book, Cape Light (1979).
Jan Staller’s twilight color photographs (1977–84) of abandoned and derelict parts of New York City captured uncanny visions of the urban landscape lit by the glare of sodium vapor street lights.
By the 1990s, British-born photographer
Michael Kenna had established himself as the most commercially successful night photographer. His black-and-white landscapes were most often set between dusk and dawn in locations that included San Francisco, Japan, France, and England. Some of his most memorable projects depict the Ford Motor Company's
Rouge River plant, the
Ratcliffe-on-Soar Power Station
Ratcliffe-on-Soar Power Station is a coal-fired power station owned and operated by Uniper at Ratcliffe-on-Soar in Nottinghamshire, England. Commissioned in 1968 by the Central Electricity Generating Board, the station has a capacity of 2,000&nb ...
in the East Midlands in England, and many of the Nazi
concentration camp
Internment is the imprisonment of people, commonly in large groups, without charges or intent to file charges. The term is especially used for the confinement "of enemy citizens in wartime or of terrorism suspects". Thus, while it can simpl ...
s scattered across
Germany
Germany,, officially the Federal Republic of Germany, is a country in Central Europe. It is the second most populous country in Europe after Russia, and the most populous member state of the European Union. Germany is situated betwe ...
,
France
France (), officially the French Republic ( ), is a country primarily located in Western Europe. It also comprises of overseas regions and territories in the Americas and the Atlantic, Pacific and Indian Oceans. Its metropolitan area ...
,
Belgium
Belgium, ; french: Belgique ; german: Belgien officially the Kingdom of Belgium, is a country in Northwestern Europe. The country is bordered by the Netherlands to the north, Germany to the east, Luxembourg to the southeast, France to th ...
,
Poland
Poland, officially the Republic of Poland, is a country in Central Europe. It is divided into 16 administrative provinces called voivodeships, covering an area of . Poland has a population of over 38 million and is the fifth-most populou ...
and
Austria
Austria, , bar, Östareich officially the Republic of Austria, is a country in the southern part of Central Europe, lying in the Eastern Alps. It is a federation of nine states, one of which is the capital, Vienna, the most populous ...
.
During the beginning of the 21st century, the popularity of digital cameras made it much easier for beginning photographers to understand the complexities of photographing at night. Today, there are hundreds of websites dedicated to night photography.
Subjects
Common subjects photographed at night or in low light include the following:
*
Celestial bodies – the
Moon
The Moon is Earth's only natural satellite. It is the fifth largest satellite in the Solar System and the largest and most massive relative to its parent planet, with a diameter about one-quarter that of Earth (comparable to the width of ...
,
stars,
planets, etc. (see
astrophotography
Astrophotography, also known as astronomical imaging, is the photography or imaging of astronomical objects, celestial events, or areas of the night sky. The first photograph of an astronomical object (the Moon) was taken in 1840, but it was no ...
and
star trail)
*City
skyline
A skyline is the outline or shape viewed near the horizon. It can be created by a city’s overall structure, or by human intervention in a rural setting, or in nature that is formed where the sky meets buildings or the land.
City skyline ...
s
*
Factories
A factory, manufacturing plant or a production plant is an industrial facility, often a complex consisting of several buildings filled with machinery, where workers manufacture items or operate machines which process each item into another. T ...
and
industrial areas, particularly those that are brightly lit and are emitting
smoke
Smoke is a suspension of airborne particulates and gases emitted when a material undergoes combustion or pyrolysis, together with the quantity of air that is entrained or otherwise mixed into the mass. It is commonly an unwanted by-produc ...
,
steam, or another
aerosol
*
Fireworks
Fireworks are a class of low explosive pyrotechnic devices used for aesthetic and entertainment purposes. They are most commonly used in fireworks displays (also called a fireworks show or pyrotechnics), combining a large number of devices ...
*
Nightlife
Nightlife is a collective term for entertainment that is available and generally more popular from the late evening into the early hours of the morning. It includes pubs, bars, nightclubs, parties, live music, concerts, cabarets, theatre, ...
or rock
concert
A concert is a live music performance in front of an audience. The performance may be by a single musician, sometimes then called a recital, or by a musical ensemble, such as an orchestra, choir, or band. Concerts are held in a wide variet ...
s
*Lit
cave
A cave or cavern is a natural void in the ground, specifically a space large enough for a human to enter. Caves often form by the weathering of rock and often extend deep underground. The word ''cave'' can refer to smaller openings such as sea ...
s
*
Road
A road is a linear way for the conveyance of traffic that mostly has an improved surface for use by vehicles (motorized and non-motorized) and pedestrians. Unlike streets, the main function of roads is transportation.
There are many types of ...
s with or without
cars
A car or automobile is a motor vehicle with wheels. Most definitions of ''cars'' say that they run primarily on roads, Car seat, seat one to eight people, have four wheels, and mainly transport private transport#Personal transport, people in ...
*Abandoned buildings or other artificial structures that are only moonlit
*
Bodies of water that are reflecting
moonlight or
city lights –
lake
A lake is an area filled with water, localized in a basin, surrounded by land, and distinct from any river or other outlet that serves to feed or drain the lake. Lakes lie on land and are not part of the ocean, although, like the much large ...
s,
river
A river is a natural flowing watercourse, usually freshwater, flowing towards an ocean, sea, lake or another river. In some cases, a river flows into the ground and becomes dry at the end of its course without reaching another body of w ...
s,
canal
Canals or artificial waterways are waterways or engineered channels built for drainage management (e.g. flood control and irrigation) or for conveyancing water transport vehicles (e.g. water taxi). They carry free, calm surface flo ...
s, etc.
*
Lightning
Lightning is a naturally occurring electrostatic discharge during which two electrically charged regions, both in the atmosphere or with one on the ground, temporarily neutralize themselves, causing the instantaneous release of an avera ...
during
thunderstorm
A thunderstorm, also known as an electrical storm or a lightning storm, is a storm characterized by the presence of lightning and its acoustic effect on the Earth's atmosphere, known as thunder. Relatively weak thunderstorms are some ...
s
*
Aurora
An aurora (plural: auroras or aurorae), also commonly known as the polar lights, is a natural light display in Earth's sky, predominantly seen in high-latitude regions (around the Arctic and Antarctic). Auroras display dynamic patterns of bri ...
(northern or southern lights)
*
Lava
Lava is molten or partially molten rock (magma) that has been expelled from the interior of a terrestrial planet (such as Earth) or a moon onto its surface. Lava may be erupted at a volcano or through a fracture in the crust, on land or un ...
*
Amusement ride
Amusement rides, sometimes called carnival rides, are mechanical devices or structures that move people especially kids to create fun and enjoyment.
Rides are often perceived by many as being scary or more dangerous than they actually are. This ...
s
*Lit
aircraft
An aircraft is a vehicle that is able to fly by gaining support from the air. It counters the force of gravity by using either static lift or by using the dynamic lift of an airfoil, or in a few cases the downward thrust from jet engine ...
*
Bioluminescence
Technique and equipment
![Subhash Marg in Indore, India](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8c/Subhash_Marg_in_Indore%2C_India.JPG)
The following techniques and equipment are generally used in night photography.
* A
tripod
A tripod is a portable three-legged frame or stand, used as a platform for supporting the weight and maintaining the stability of some other object. The three-legged (triangular stance) design provides good stability against gravitational loads ...
is usually necessary due to the long exposure times. Alternatively, the camera may be placed on a steady, flat object e.g. a table or chair, low wall, window sill, etc.
* A
shutter release cable or
self timer
A self timer is a device on a camera that gives a delay between pressing the shutter release and the shutter's firing. It is most commonly used to let the photographer to take a photo of themselves (often with a group of other people), hence t ...
is almost always used to prevent camera shake when the shutter is released.
* Manual focus, since
autofocus
An autofocus (or AF) optical system uses a sensor, a control system and a motor to focus on an automatically or manually selected point or area. An electronic rangefinder has a display instead of the motor; the adjustment of the optical system ...
systems usually operate poorly in low light conditions. Newer digital cameras incorporate a Live View mode which often allows very accurate manual focusing.
* A stopwatch or
remote timer, to time very long exposures where the camera's bulb setting is used.
* A
camera lens with a wide aperture, preferably one with
aspherical elements that can minimize
coma
*A
smartphone
A smartphone is a portable computer device that combines mobile telephone and computing functions into one unit. They are distinguished from feature phones by their stronger hardware capabilities and extensive mobile operating systems, whic ...
with a night photography mode, such as Night Mode on
Huawei
Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. ( ; ) is a Chinese multinational technology corporation headquartered in Shenzhen, Guangdong, China. It designs, develops, produces and sells telecommunications equipment, consumer electronics and various smar ...
phones, Night Sight on
Google Pixel
Google Pixel is a brand of consumer electronic devices developed by Google that run either ChromeOS or the Android operating system. The Pixel brand was introduced in February 2013 with the first-generation Chromebook Pixel. The Pixel line inc ...
phones, Night Mode on
Samsung Galaxy
Samsung Galaxy (, stylised as SΛMSUNG Galaxy since 2015 (except Japan where it omits the Samsung branding), previously stylised as Samsung GALAXY; abbreviated as SG) is a series of computing and mobile computing devices that are designed, m ...
phones, Night Mode on
iPhone 11 Pro
The iPhone 11 Pro and iPhone 11 Pro Max are smartphones designed, developed and marketed by Apple Inc. Serving as the Apple's flagship models of the List of iOS devices, 13th-generation of iPhones, they succeeded the iPhone XS and iPhone XS M ...
and Nightscape on
Oneplus phones
Long exposures and multiple flashes
The long-exposure multiple-flash technique is a method of night or low-light photography which use a mobile
flash
Flash, flashes, or FLASH may refer to:
Arts, entertainment, and media
Fictional aliases
* Flash (DC Comics character), several DC Comics superheroes with super speed:
** Flash (Barry Allen)
** Flash (Jay Garrick)
** Wally West, the first Kid F ...
unit to expose various parts of a building or interior using a
long exposure
Long-exposure, time-exposure, or slow-shutter photography involves using a long-duration shutter speed to sharply capture the stationary elements of images while blurring, smearing, or obscuring the moving elements. Long-exposure photography ...
.
This technique is often combined with using
coloured gels in front of the flash unit to provide different colours in order to illuminate the subject in different ways. It is also common to flash the unit several times during the exposure while swapping the colours of the gels around to mix colours on the final photo. This requires some skill and a lot of imagination since it is not possible to see how the effects will turn out until the exposure is complete. By using this technique, the photographer can illuminate specific parts of the subject in different colours creating shadows in ways which would not normally be possible.
Painting with light
When the correct equipment is used such as a tripod and shutter release cable, the photographer can use long exposures to photograph images of light. For example, when photographing a subject try switching the exposure to manual and selecting the bulb setting on the camera. Once this is achieved trip the shutter and photograph your subject moving a flashlight or any small light in various patterns. Experiment with this outcome to produce artistic results. Multiple attempts are usually needed to produce a desired result.
High ISO
Advanced imaging sensors along with sophisticated software processing makes low-light photography with High ISO possible without tripod or long exposure. Digital SLRs have high end
APS-C and
full-frame digital SLR
A full-frame DSLR is a digital single-lens reflex camera (DSLR) with a 35 mm image sensor format (). Historically, 35 mm was one of the standard film formats, alongside larger ones, such as medium format and large format. The full-fra ...
sensors which have a very large dynamic range and high sensitivity, making them capable of night photography. These large sensor cameras are able to collect more light than smaller sensors due to the size of the imaging area. Combined with large aperture lenses and other equipment and techniques, this allows for photography with high quality in very dark locations.
BSI-CMOS is another type of CMOS sensor that is gradually entering the compact camera segment which is superior to the traditional
CCD sensors. Cameras with small sensors such as:
Sony Cyber-shot DSC-RX100
The Sony Cyber-shot DSC-RX100 series is a high-end compact camera series. It started with the DSC-RX100, announced on 6 June 2012, and is part of the Cyber-shot RX line of digital cameras made by Sony. Seven annual generations have been released ...
,
Nikon 1 J2 and
Canon PowerShot G1X give good images up to ISO 400.
Moonlight photography
Moonlight photography (capturing scenes on
Earth
Earth is the third planet from the Sun and the only astronomical object known to harbor life. While large volumes of water can be found throughout the Solar System, only Earth sustains liquid surface water. About 71% of Earth's surfa ...
illuminated by moonlight) greatly differs from lunar photography (capturing scenes on the
Moon
The Moon is Earth's only natural satellite. It is the fifth largest satellite in the Solar System and the largest and most massive relative to its parent planet, with a diameter about one-quarter that of Earth (comparable to the width of ...
illuminated by direct
sunlight). The Moon has an effective
albedo
Albedo (; ) is the measure of the diffuse reflection of solar radiation out of the total solar radiation and measured on a scale from 0, corresponding to a black body that absorbs all incident radiation, to 1, corresponding to a body that refl ...
of approximately 0.12, comparable to worn
asphalt concrete. Since the Moon is essentially a dark body in direct sunlight, photographing its surface needs an exposure comparable to what a photographer would use for ordinary, mid-brightness surfaces (buildings, trees, faces, etc.) with an
overcast
Overcast or overcast weather, as defined by the World Meteorological Organization, is the meteorological condition of clouds obscuring at least 95% of the sky. However, the total cloud cover must not be entirely due to obscuring phenomena near t ...
sky.
The sunlight reflected from the
full Moon
The full moon is the lunar phase when the Moon appears fully illuminated from Earth's perspective. This occurs when Earth is located between the Sun and the Moon (when the ecliptic longitudes of the Sun and Moon differ by 180°). This means ...
onto Earth is about 1/250,000 of the brightness of direct sunlight in
daytime. Since , full-moon photography requires 18 stops more exposure than sunlight photography, for which the
sunny 16 rule
In photography, the sunny 16 rule (also known as the sunny rule) is a method of estimating correct daylight exposures without a light meter. Apart from the advantage of independence from a light meter, the sunny 16 rule can also aid in achievin ...
is a commonly used guideline.
Reciprocity failure
Imagine a directly sunlit exposure of 1/100 second at ISO 100 and f/16 (the baseline of
sunny 16). Adding 18 stops to convert from the
Sun
The Sun is the star at the center of the Solar System. It is a nearly perfect ball of hot plasma, heated to incandescence by nuclear fusion reactions in its core. The Sun radiates this energy mainly as light, ultraviolet, and infrared radi ...
to the Moon could result in a shutter speed of 8 seconds at ISO 400 and f/2 (+10 stops of time, +2 stops of ISO, +6 stops of aperture). However, on most chemical film, such an exposure would turn out too dark. This is because film does not expose in linear proportion to the light it absorbs, an effect called
reciprocity failure
In photography, reciprocity is the inverse relationship between the intensity and duration of light that determines the reaction of light-sensitive material. Within a normal exposure range for film stock, for example, the reciprocity law states t ...
. At light levels as dim as moonlight, it needs more light than a linear extrapolation of
daylight values would suggest.
For example, testing shows that
Kodak Portra needs 1 extra stop for a nominal 8-second exposure, so in this case it would need 16 seconds.
In practice, moonlight photography often uses exposures of several minutes. Digital cameras generally have less reciprocity failure, but do show
image noise
Image noise is random variation of brightness or color information in images, and is usually an aspect of electronic noise. It can be produced by the image sensor and circuitry of a scanner or digital camera. Image noise can also originate in ...
in low light.
Examples
File:Clun lake and castle "moonlight" (1295145).jpg, Clun lake and castle by moonlight, 1920s
File:São Paulo city (Bela Vista).jpg, São Paulo
São Paulo (, ; Portuguese for ' Saint Paul') is the most populous city in Brazil, and is the capital of the state of São Paulo, the most populous and wealthiest Brazilian state, located in the country's Southeast Region. Listed by the Ga ...
, Brazil
File:Chay kenar - Tabriz.jpg, Chay kenar Boulevard in Tabriz
Tabriz ( fa, تبریز ; ) is a city in northwestern Iran, serving as the capital of East Azerbaijan Province. It is the List of largest cities of Iran, sixth-most-populous city in Iran. In the Quri Chay, Quru River valley in Iran's historic Aze ...
, Iran
File:Sydney Opera House - Dec 2008.jpg, An exposure blended night image of the Sydney Opera House
Image:Carnival wikipedia.JPG, Amusement ride
Amusement rides, sometimes called carnival rides, are mechanical devices or structures that move people especially kids to create fun and enjoyment.
Rides are often perceived by many as being scary or more dangerous than they actually are. This ...
s
Image:WashingtonParkBlossomingTree.jpg, Four image panorama of Washington Park, 30 second exposures each.
File:HMAS Onslow-.jpg, An exposure blended image consisting of 30, 2.5 and 10 second exposures
File:Night in Luna Park, Coney Island (1905).jpg, Early night photograph of the Luna Park, Coney Island, from the Detroit Publishing Co. collection, 1905.
Published night photographers
This section includes significant night photographers who have published books dedicated to night photography, and some of their selected works.
*
Brassai
** ''Paris de Nuit'', Arts et metiers graphiques, 1932.
* Harold Burdekin and John Morrison
** ''London Night'', Collins, 1934.
*
Jeff Brouws
** ''Inside the Live Reptile Tent'',
Chronicle Books, 2001.
* Alan Delaney
** ''London After Dark'',
Phaidon Press, 1993.
*
Neil Folberg
Neil Folberg (born April 7, 1950) is an American-Israeli photographer and gallerist.
Early life and education
Folberg was born in San Francisco in 1950. His father was Joseph Folberg, a San Francisco gallerist.
At the age of 16, Folberg was i ...
** ''Celestial Nights'',
Aperture Foundation
Aperture Foundation is a nonprofit arts institution, founded in 1952 by Ansel Adams, Minor White, Barbara Morgan, Dorothea Lange, Nancy Newhall, Beaumont Newhall, Ernest Louie, Melton Ferris, and Dody Warren. Their vision was to create a forum ...
, 2001.
* Karekin Goekjian
** ''Light After Dark'', Lucinne, Inc. ASIN B0006QOVCG
*
Todd Hido
Todd Hido (born 25 August 1968) is an American photographer. He has produced 17 books, had his work exhibited widely and included in various public collections. Hido is currently an adjunct professor at the California College of the Arts in San F ...
** ''Outskirts'',
Nazraeli Press
Nazraeli Press is a publisher of books of photography. It was founded in 1989, in Munich, Germany, by Chris Pichler and has been based in the USA since 1996.
Nazraeli publishes roughly 30 new titles each year and has published over 400 with work ...
, 2002.
*
Peter Hujar
Peter Hujar (October 11, 1934 – November 26, 1987) was an American photographer best known for his black and white portraits. He has been recognized posthumously as a major American photographer of the late-twentieth century. Yet Hujar's work r ...
** ''Night'', Matthew Marks Gallery/
Fraenkel Gallery
Fraenkel Gallery is a contemporary art gallery in San Francisco founded by Jeffrey Fraenkel in 1979. Frish Brandt, president of the gallery, joined in 1985.
Fraenkel Gallery has presented more than 350 exhibitions, with a focus on photography and ...
, 2005.
* Rolfe Horn
** ''28 Photographs'', Nazraeli Press.
* Lance Keimig
**Night Photography, Finding Your Way In The Dark,
Focal Press, 2010.
* Brian Kelly
** ''Grand Rapids: Night After Night'', Glass Eye, 2001.
*
Michael Kenna
** ''The Rouge'', RAM Publications, 1995.
** ''Night Work'', Nazraeli Press, 2000.
* William Lesch
** ''Expansions'', RAM Publications, 1992.
*
O. Winston Link
** ''The Last Steam Railroad in America'',
Harry Abrams
Abrams, formerly Harry N. Abrams, Inc. (HNA), is an American publisher of art and illustrated books, children's books, and stationery.
The enterprise is a subsidiary of the French publisher La Martinière Groupe. Run by President and CEO Michae ...
, 1995.
* Tom Paiva
** ''Industrial Night'', The Image Room, 2002.
* Troy Paiva
** ''Night Vision: The Art of Urban Exploration'', Chronicle Books, 2008.
** ''Lost America: The Abandoned Roadside West'', MBI Publishing, 2003.
* Andrew Sanderson
** ''Night Photography'', Amphoto Books.
*
Bill Schwab
** ''Bill Schwab: Photographs'', North Light Press, 1999.
** ''Gathering Calm'', North Light Press, 2005.
*
Jan Staller
** ''Frontier New York'', Hudson Hills Press, 1988.
* Zabrina Tipton
** ''At Night in San Francisco'', San Francisco Guild of the Arts Press, 2006.
* Giovanna Tucker
** "How to Night Photography", 2011.
* Nora Vrublevska and Dan Squires
** "Cambridge at Night", 2013.
*
Volkmar Wentzel
** ''Washington by Night'', Fulcrum Publishing, 1998.
See also
*
Available light
In photography and cinematography, available light (also called ambient light or practical light) refers to any ''available'' source of light that is not explicitly supplied by the photographer for the purpose of taking pictures. The term usu ...
*
Light painting
Light painting, painting with light, light drawing, or light art performance photography are terms that describe photographic techniques of moving a light source while taking a long-exposure photograph, either to illuminate a subject or space, o ...
References
External links
Comprehensive tutorials and articles about how to do night photographyby The Nocturnes
{{photography subject
Photography by genre
Night in culture
Photographic techniques