Night visual flight rules (NVFR) are the

visual flight rules In aviation, visual flight rules (VFR) are a set of regulations under which a pilot operates an aircraft in weather conditions generally clear enough to allow the pilot to see where the aircraft is going. Specifically, the weather must be better ...

under which a flight may be performed at night primarily by visual reference. The alternative is flight by

instrument flight rules In aviation, instrument flight rules (IFR) is one of two sets of regulations governing all aspects of civil aviation aircraft operations; the other is visual flight rules (VFR). The U.S. Federal Aviation Administration's (FAA) ''Instrument Fly ...

(IFR), under which visual reference to terrain and traffic is not required. In

EASA The European Union Aviation Safety Agency (EASA) is an agency of the European Union (EU) with responsibility for civil aviation safety. It carries out certification, regulation and standardisation and also performs investigation and monitori ...

countries the requirements for a NVFR rating (at an approved training organisation) are: * total of 5 hours of VFR flying at night (NVFR), * including 3 hours ''dual'' flying (with an instructor), * including 5 take-offs and landings at night, * including 1 dual navigational flight by visual flight rules at night, at least 50 km and 1 hour. In many countries, NVFR is not permitted, in which case night flying is by IFR which requires an

instrument rating Instrument rating refers to the qualifications that a pilot must have in order to fly under instrument flight rules (IFR). It requires specific training and instruction beyond what is required for a private pilot certificate or commercial pilot ce ...

. Countries that permit NVFR include Austria, Australia, New Zealand, Canada, Czech Republic, Germany, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Netherlands, Norway, Finland, France, Belgium, Luxembourg, Poland, Portugal, Serbia, Slovakia, South Africa, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, the United Kingdom, the United States and Bosnia & Herzegovina.

References

Aviation law Night flying {{aviation-stub