The Night of Agony ( pt, Noite da Agonia) was a historical event in the

Brazilian Empire The Empire of Brazil was a 19th-century state that broadly comprised the territories which form modern Brazil and (until 1828) Uruguay. Its government was a representative parliamentary constitutional monarchy under the rule of Emperors Dom Pe ...

, occurring in the pre-dawn hours of 12 November 1823, when emperor

Dom Pedro I Dom or DOM may refer to: People and fictional characters * Dom (given name), including fictional characters * Dom (surname) * Dom La Nena (born 1989), stage name of Brazilian-born cellist, singer and songwriter Dominique Pinto * Dom people, an eth ...

ordered the army to invade and dissolve the . The assembly resisted for several hours, but in the end was dissolved and a few of its members were imprisoned and deported, including the brothers

José Bonifácio de Andrada e Silva José Bonifácio de Andrada e Silva (; 13 June 17636 April 1838) was a Brazilian statesman, naturalist, mineralist, professor and poet, born in Santos, São Paulo, then part of the Portuguese Empire. He was one of the most important mentors ...

Martim Francisco Ribeiro de Andrada Martim Francisco Ribeiro de Andrada (9 April 1775 – 23 February 1844) was a Brazilian politician who played a leading role in the declaration of Brazil's independence and in the government during the years that followed. He was twice Minister o ...

and

Antônio Carlos Ribeiro de Andrada Antônio Carlos Ribeiro de Andrada Machado e Silva (1 November 1773 – 5 December 1845) was a Brazilian judge (''juiz de fora''), appellate judge (''desembargador'') and politician. At the time of Brazilian Independence, he often used the pseud ...

. The following year, on 25 March 1824, a new Imperial Constitution was adopted, which designed an Executive, Legislative, and Judicial powers, but also a Moderating power, which invested in the Emperor the title of "Moderator", acting as a neutral intermediary between the branches.

References

Constitution of Brazil Legal history of Brazil 1823 in Brazil 1823 in law November 1823 events {{Brazil-hist-stub