The Niedermünster or Niedermünster Abbey (german: Reichsstift Niedermünster),

Regensburg Regensburg or is a city in eastern Bavaria, at the confluence of the Danube, Naab and Regen rivers. It is capital of the Upper Palatinate subregion of the state in the south of Germany. With more than 150,000 inhabitants, Regensburg is the f ...

, was a house of

canoness Canoness is a member of a religious community of women living a simple life. Many communities observe the monastic Rule of St. Augustine. The name corresponds to the male equivalent, a canon. The origin and Rule are common to both. As with the ca ...

es ( Frauenstift) in Regensburg,

Bavaria Bavaria ( ; ), officially the Free State of Bavaria (german: Freistaat Bayern, link=no ), is a state in the south-east of Germany. With an area of , Bavaria is the largest German state by land area, comprising roughly a fifth of the total lan ...

Germany Germany,, officially the Federal Republic of Germany, is a country in Central Europe. It is the second most populous country in Europe after Russia, and the most populous member state of the European Union. Germany is situated betwe ...

. At the height of its power it was one of the wealthiest and most influential in Bavaria. The church is still in use as the parish church of

Regensburg Cathedral Regensburg Cathedral (german: Dom St. Peter or Regensburger Dom), also known as St. Peter's Cathedral, is an example of important Gothic architecture within the German state of Bavaria. It is a landmark for the city of Regensburg, Germany, and ...

History

This women's religious community, dedicated to Saint Erhard of Regensburg at its founding and later to the

Assumption of the Virgin Mary The Assumption of Mary is one of the four Marian dogmas of the Catholic Church. Pope Pius XII defined it in 1950 in his apostolic constitution ''Munificentissimus Deus'' as follows: We proclaim and define it to be a dogma revealed by Go ...

as well, was recorded for the first time in about 889. However, the first church, if the traditional foundation by the seventh-century Saint Erhard is credited, would have already existed by about 700, and a religious community had been founded by 788 by

Tassilo III, Duke of Bavaria Tassilo III ( 741 – c. 796) was the duke of Bavaria from 748 to 788, the last of the house of the Agilolfings. The Son of Duke Odilo of Bavaria and Hitrud, the Daughter of Charles Martell. Tassilo, then still a child, began his rule as a Fran ...

. The foundation tradition also credits Saint Erhard with the foundation of a nunnery here. It is not clear in fact whether at first the community was for men or for women, but it soon developed into one of the most important women's religious houses in Germany. The church was entirely rebuilt on a grand scale by

Henry I, Duke of Bavaria Henry I (919/921 – 1 November 955), a member of the German royal Ottonian dynasty, was Duke of Bavaria from 948 until his death. Life He was the second son of the German king Henry the Fowler and his wife Matilda of Ringelheim. After the death ...

, in about 950. Henry was buried here and his widow Judith, who by virtue of her and her husband's generous endowment of the community, is counted as the founder, took the veil here, became abbess and was herself buried here in 990. This close connection with the ruling and Imperial

Ottonian house The Ottonian dynasty (german: Ottonen) was a Saxon dynasty of German monarchs (919–1024), named after three of its kings and Holy Roman Emperors named Otto, especially its first Emperor Otto I. It is also known as the Saxon dynasty after ...

made Niedermünster powerful and wealthy. The treasures of Niedermünster include the Rule of about 990 and the

Uta Codex The Uta Codex Quattuor Evangelia (Clm. 13601, Bavarian State Library, Munich) is a "gospel lectionary" or evangeliary. It contains those portions of the gospels which are read during church services. "Unlike most Gospel lectionaries, the individu ...

or Evangeliary of about 1025 with its casket of chased gold,Bayerische Staatsbibliothek München clm 13601 commissioned by an abbess of Niedermünster and containing an illumination showing Saint Erhard presiding at Mass. There is also the magnificent cross given by Queen Gisela, daughter of

Henry II, Duke of Bavaria Henry II (951 – 28 August 995), called the Wrangler or the Quarrelsome (german: Heinrich der Zänker), a member of the German royal Ottonian dynasty, was Duke of Bavaria from 955 to 976 and again from 985 to 995, as well as Duke of Carinthia ...

, and wife of King

Stephen I of Hungary Stephen I, also known as King Saint Stephen ( hu, Szent István király ; la, Sanctus Stephanus; sk, Štefan I. or Štefan Veľký; 975 – 15 August 1038), was the last Grand Prince of the Hungarians between 997 and 1000 or 1001, and the f ...

, for the tomb of her mother, Duchess Gisela of Bavaria, who was buried here in 1006. In 1002

Emperor Henry II Henry II (german: Heinrich II; it, Enrico II; 6 May 973 – 13 July 1024), also known as Saint Henry the Exuberant, Obl. S. B., was Holy Roman Emperor ("Romanorum Imperator") from 1014. He died without an heir in 1024, and was the last ruler o ...

, son of Henry II, Duke of Bavaria, granted the community ''

Reichsfreiheit Imperial immediacy (german: Reichsfreiheit or ') was a privileged constitutional and political status rooted in German feudal law under which the Imperial estates of the Holy Roman Empire such as Imperial cities, prince-bishoprics and secular pri ...

'' (territorial and judicial independence of all save the Emperor) and it became an Imperial abbey, or ''Reichsstift''. Emperor Henry II later favoured his own foundation of

Bamberg Cathedral Bamberg Cathedral (german: Bamberger Dom, official name Bamberger Dom St. Peter und St. Georg) is a church in Bamberg, Germany, completed in the 13th century. The cathedral is under the administration of the Roman Catholic Church and is the se ...

over Niedermünster, which accordingly lost prominence and influence. The present Romanesque church was constructed after a fire in 1152 destroyed the previous one. The crypt of Saint Erhard remains from earlier buildings, however. In the 17th and 18th centuries the church was modernised, although very modestly, and fitted out with some important works of art, including a monumental bronze crucifix and a sorrowing

Mary Magdalene Mary Magdalene (sometimes called Mary of Magdala, or simply the Magdalene or the Madeleine) was a woman who, according to the four canonical gospels, traveled with Jesus as one of his followers and was a witness to crucifixion of Jesus, his cru ...

Georg Petel Georg Petel (1601-2, Weilheim, Bavaria – January 1635, Augsburg) was a German sculptor and a virtuoso ivory carver. His work marks the beginning of Baroque sculpture in Germany. Life Petel was born in Weilheim, Bavaria, about forty kilo ...

. The silver shrine of the relics of Saint Erhard dates from the 19th century. The community was dissolved in 1803 during the secularisation of Bavaria. From 1820 the premises were partly rented out. In 1821 the

Bishop of Regensburg The Bishops of Regensburg (Ratisbon) are bishops of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Regensburg, Bavaria, Germany.

was given rooms here for his residence, and the episcopal offices were also transferred here. Also in 1821 the former canonry church took over from St. Ulrich's the role of cathedral parish church. During excavations the foundations of

Roman Roman or Romans most often refers to: *Rome, the capital city of Italy *Ancient Rome, Roman civilization from 8th century BC to 5th century AD *Roman people, the people of ancient Rome *''Epistle to the Romans'', shortened to ''Romans'', a letter ...

military buildings and predecessors of the church were uncovered. These may be seen only on guided tours, but it is planned to make these unique and well-preserved discoveries more accessible to the public. Burials in Niedermünster include: * Saint Erhard * Blessed

Albert of Cashel Albert of Cashel was an eighth century saint and Patron of Cashel, Ireland. Life Traditionally held to be an Englishman who worked in Ireland and then Bavaria, Albert went to Jerusalem and died in Regensburg on his return journey. He was an ...

, his wife

Judith, Duchess of Bavaria Judith of Bavaria (925 – 29 June after 985), a member of the Luitpolding dynasty, was Duchess consort of Bavaria from 947 to 955, by her marriage with Duke Henry I. After her husband's death, she acted as regent of Bavaria during the mino ...

and their daughter-in-law

Gisela of Burgundy Gisela is the name of: People Full name * Gisela, Abbess of Chelles (757–810), daughter of Pepin the Short, sister of Charlemagne ** Gisela, daughter of Charlemagne (781–808) * Gisela, daughter of Louis the Pious (born 821), consort of Eberha ...

, wife of

Abbesses of Niedermünster

* Wildrade von Lernberg 900-928 * Tutta I von Reidenburg 928-942 * Himetrade von Hohenburg 942 – before 974 *

974-990 * Richenza I von Limburg 990-994 * Kunigunde I von Kirchberg 994-1002 * Uda I von Kirchberg 1002-1025 * Heilka I von Rothenburg 1025-1052 * Gertrud I von Hals 1052-1065 * Mathilde I von Luppurg 1065-1070 * Heilka II von Franken 1070-1089 * Uda II von Marburg 1089-1103 * Richenza II von Zolling 1103-1109 * Mathilde II von Kirchberg 1109-1116 * Richenza III von Abensberg 1116-1126 * Richenza IV von Dornburg 1126-1130 * Heilka III von Kirchberg 1130-1136 * Kunigunde II von Kirchberg 1136-1177 * Tutta II von Falkenstein 1177-1180 * Adelheid I von Wolffershausen 1180-1190 * Bertha von Frontenhausen 1190-1197 * Heilka IV von Rotheneck 1197-1218 * Heilka V von Wittelsbach 1218-1224 * Frideruna von Falkenstein 1224-1229 * Mathilde III von Henffenfeld 1229-1239 * Tutta III von Dalmässing 1239-1242 * Irmgard I von Scheyern 1242-1245 * Hildegard von Kirchberg 1245-1249 * Kunigunde III von Stein 1249-1257 * Kühnheit Pinzingerin 1257-1259 ? * Wilburg von Lobsingen 1259 ?-1261 * Tutta IV von Putingen 1261-1264 * Gertrud II. von Stein 1264-1271 * Wilburg von Lobsingen 1271-1273 (again) * Elisabeth I Stauffin von Stauffenburg 1273-1276 * Hedwig Kropflin 1276-1285 * Kunigunde IV Hainkhoverin 1285-1300 * Adelheid II von Treidenberg 1300-1304 * Irmgard II von Köfering 1304-1314 * Euphemia von Winzer 1314-1333 * Elisabeth II von Eschen 1333-1340 * Petrissa von Weidenberg 1340-1353 * Margarethe I Gösslin von Altenburg 1353-1361 * Margarethe II Pinzingerin 1361-1365 * Elisabeth III von Rhein 1365-1391 * Sophia von Daching 1391-1410 * Katharina I von Egloffstein 1410-1413 * Barbara I Höfferin 1413-1417 * Herzenleid von Wildenwarth 1417-1422 * Anna I von Streitberg 1422-1427 * Beatrix von Rotheneck 1427 * Osanna von Streitberg 1427-1444 * Ursula von Tauffkirchen-Hohenrain und Höchlenbach 1444-1448 * Ottilia von Abensberg 1448-1475 mit * Margarethe III von Paulstorff 1469-1475 * Agnes von Rothafft 1475-1520 * Barbara II von Aham 1520-1569 * Anna II von Kirmbreith 1569-1598 * Katharina II Scheifflin 1598-1605 * Eva von Uhrhausen 1605-1616 * Anna Maria von Salis 1616-1652 * Maria Margarethe von Sigertshofen 1652-1675 * Maria Theresia von Muggenthal 1675-1693 * Regina Recordin von Rein und Hamberg 1693-1697 * Johanna Franziska Sibylla von Muggenthal 1697-1723 * Maria Katharina Helena von Aham-Neuhaus 1723-1757 * Anna Katharina von Dücker-Hasslen-Urstein-Winkel 1757-1768 * Anna Febronia Elisabeth von Speth-Zwyfalten 1769-1789 * Maria Franziska Xaveria von Königfeld 1789-1793 * Maria Violanta von Lerchenfeld-Premberg 1793-1801 * Maria Helena von Freien-Seiboltsdorf 1801-1803

Notes

Sources

*
Klöster in Bayern: Niedermünster, Regensburg
*
Episcopal Offices, Regensburg
*

{{DEFAULTSORT:Niedermunster, Regensburg Monasteries in Bavaria Roman Catholic churches in Regensburg Christian monasteries established in the 8th century Bavarian Circle Imperial abbeys disestablished in 1802–03 Burial sites of the Ottonian dynasty

History

Abbesses of Niedermünster

See also

Notes

Sources