''Nicolla skrjabini'' is a

species In biology, a species is the basic unit of classification and a taxonomic rank of an organism, as well as a unit of biodiversity. A species is often defined as the largest group of organisms in which any two individuals of the appropriate s ...

trematode Trematoda is a class of flatworms known as flukes. They are obligate internal parasites with a complex life cycle requiring at least two hosts. The intermediate host, in which asexual reproduction occurs, is usually a snail. The definitive host ...

s in the family Opecoelidae.

Distribution

The distribution of ''Nicolla skrjabini'' includes rivers of the Azov-

Black Sea The Black Sea is a marginal mediterranean sea of the Atlantic Ocean lying between Europe and Asia, east of the Balkans, south of the East European Plain, west of the Caucasus, and north of Anatolia. It is bounded by Bulgaria, Georgia, Roma ...

and rivers of the

Baltic Sea The Baltic Sea is an arm of the Atlantic Ocean that is enclosed by Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Russia, Sweden and the North and Central European Plain. The sea stretches from 53°N to 66°N latitude and from ...

. Expansion of its host species ''

Lithoglyphus naticoides ''Lithoglyphus naticoides'' , the gravel snail, is a species of small or minute freshwater snail with an operculum, an aquatic gastropod mollusk in the family Lithoglyphidae. ''Lithoglyphus naticoides'' is the type species of the genus ''Litho ...

'' to the

Volga River The Volga (; russian: Во́лга, a=Ru-Волга.ogg, p=ˈvoɫɡə) is the List of rivers of Europe#Rivers of Europe by length, longest river in Europe. Situated in Russia, it flows through Central Russia to Southern Russia and into the Cas ...

has allowed ''Nicolla skrjabini'' to expand its range.

Hosts

Hosts of ''Nicolla skrjabini'' include: * Snail ''

'' serves as the first

intermediate host In biology and medicine, a host is a larger organism that harbours a smaller organism; whether a parasitic, a mutualistic, or a commensalist ''guest'' (symbiont). The guest is typically provided with nourishment and shelter. Examples include a ...

Zhokhov A. E., Molodozhnikova N. M. & Pugacheva M. N. (2006). "Dispersal of invading trematodes ''Nicolla skrjabini'' (Iwanitzky, 1928) and '' Plagioporus skrjabini'' Kowal, 1951 (Trematoda: Opecoelidae) in the Volga". '' Russian Journal of Ecology'' 37(5): 363-365. .Tyutin A. V. & Slynko Yu. V. (2010). "The first finding of the Black Sea snail ''Lithoglyphus naticoides'' (Gastropoda) and its associated species-specific trematoda in the Upper Volga basin". '' Russian Journal of Biological Invasions'' 1(1): 45-49. . * ''

Gammarus balcanicus ''Gammarus'' is an amphipod crustacean genus in the family Gammaridae. It contains more than 200 described species, making it one of the most species-rich genera of crustaceans. Different species have different optimal conditions, particularly in ...

'' is the experimental second intermediate host * Definitive host can be 27 species of fish.

References

Animals described in 1928 Plagiorchiida {{trematode-stub