Nicolas-Sylvestre Bergier

Nicolas-Sylvestre Bergier (; 31 December 1718 – 9 April 1790) was a French Catholic theologian, known for his engagement with the atheist ''philosophes'' of eighteenth-century France.

Life

Bergier was born at Darney in Lorraine. After a course of theology in the University of Besançon, he received the degree of doctor, was ordained priest, and went to Paris to finish his studies. Returning to Besançon in 1748, he was given charge of a parish and later became president of the college of the city, which had formerly been under the direction of the Jesuits. As a result of his bestselling polemic ''Deism Refuted By Itself'' (1765), Bergier was released from pastoral responsibilities by the French bishops in order to write full-time. In particular, his apologetics targeted the popular atheism of Rousseau and Paul d'Holbach, although - somewhat unusual for a polemical writer - he sought to understand his opponents' viewpoints. He was a critic of the ''philosophes'', accusing them in particular of distorting the facts on social life in China and Confucianism.Jonathan Israel, ''Enlightenment Contested'' (2006), pp. 661-2. He, however, frequented Enlightenment salons and was a personal friend of Diderot.

In 1769 the Archbishop of Paris, Christophe de Beaumont, appointed him canon of the cathedral, and from then on Bergier resided at Paris. He died at Versailles.

Works

A pious priest and an energetic student, he devoted a great part of his time to writing in defence of religion. He agreed to correct certain articles of the ''Encyclopédie'', but found himself obliged to write entirely original articles which then formed the ''Dictionnaire de théologie'' as a part of the ''Encyclopédie''. The works of Bergier are in the fields of apologetics and theology, except for ''Les elements primitifs des langues'' (Besançon, 1764) and ''L'origine des dieux du paganisme'' (Paris, 1767).

Among his apologetical and theological works, the most important are:

*"Le Déisme refuté par lui-même" (Paris, 1765);
*"La Certitude des preuves du christianisme" (Paris, 1767, also published in Migne's "Démonstrations évangéliques", XI);
*"Réponses aux Conseils raisonnables de Voltaire" (Paris, 1771, also in Migne, ibid.);
*"Apologie de la religion chrétienne" - against d'Holbach's "Christianisme devoilé" (Paris, 1769);
*"Réfutation des principaux articles du dictionnaire philosophique";
*"Examen du matérialisme" (Paris, 1771);
*"Traité historique et dogmatique de la vraie religion" (Paris, 1780, and 8 vols. 8vo., 1820).

The ''Dictionnaire théologique'' has been often edited, especially by Gousset in 8 vols. (Besançon, 1838) and Migne (Paris, 1850). Some of his writings concerning divorce, the question of the mercy of God and the origin of evil, and one volume of sermons were published after his death.

Notes

References

*''Notice historique'', as an introduction to the ''Dictionnaire theologique'', ed. by Migne (Paris, 1850);
*Ferdinand Janner in ''Kirchenlexikon'', II, 408;
*Hugo von Hurter, ''Nomenclator'' (Innsbruck, 1895), III;
*Dublanchy in ''Dict. de theol. cath.'', s. v.
*

{{DEFAULTSORT:Bergier, Nicolas-Sylvestre
1715 births
1790 deaths
People from Darney
18th-century French Roman Catholic priests
18th-century French Catholic theologians
Contributors to the Encyclopédie (1751–1772)
Christian apologists
Sermon writers
Members of the Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres
French male writers