Neyriz ( fa, نیریز, also
Romanize
Romanization or romanisation, in linguistics, is the conversion of text from a different writing system to the Roman (Latin) script, or a system for doing so. Methods of romanization include transliteration, for representing written text, and ...
d as Neyrīz and Nīrīz) is the capital city of
Neyriz County
Neyriz County ( fa, شهرستان نیریز) is in Fars province, Iran. The capital of the county is the city of Neyriz
Neyriz ( fa, نیریز, also Romanized as Neyrīz and Nīrīz) is the capital city of Neyriz County, Fars Pr ...
,
Fars Province,
Iran
Iran, officially the Islamic Republic of Iran, and also called Persia, is a country located in Western Asia. It is bordered by Iraq and Turkey to the west, by Azerbaijan and Armenia to the northwest, by the Caspian Sea and Turkmeni ...
. At the 2016 census, its population was 113.291.
The name is also used for the district in which it is situated and for the
Bakhtegan Lake
Lake Bakhtegan ( fa, دریاچۀ بختگان) was a salt lake in Fars Province, southern Iran, about east of Shiraz and west of the town of Neyriz.
Bakhtegan, with a surface area of , was Iran's second-largest lake. It was fed by the Kor ...
. The town was located on its shores, but because of the shrinkage of the
salt lake
A salt lake or saline lake is a landlocked body of water that has a concentration of salts (typically sodium chloride) and other dissolved minerals significantly higher than most lakes (often defined as at least three grams of salt per litre). ...
it is now to its southeast. In the nineteenth century some of the Neyriz inhabitants were
Bábís, and were persecuted by the government.
History
Neyriz is mentioned in the
Persepolis Administrative Archives
The Persepolis Fortification Archive and Persepolis Treasury Archive are two groups of clay administrative archives — sets of records physically stored together – found in Persepolis dating to the Achaemenid Persian Empire. The discover ...
of the
Achaemenid Empire
The Achaemenid Empire or Achaemenian Empire (; peo, 𐎧𐏁𐏂, , ), also called the First Persian Empire, was an ancient Iranian empire founded by Cyrus the Great in 550 BC. Based in Western Asia, it was contemporarily the largest em ...
under the
Elamite
Elamite, also known as Hatamtite and formerly as Susian, is an extinct language that was spoken by the ancient Elamites. It was used in what is now southwestern Iran from 2600 BC to 330 BC. Elamite works disappear from the archeological record ...
name ''Narezzash'', which reflects its
Old Persian
Old Persian is one of the two directly attested Old Iranian languages (the other being Avestan language, Avestan) and is the ancestor of Middle Persian (the language of Sasanian Empire). Like other Old Iranian languages, it was known to its native ...
name ''Narēcha''. The city was known for its armorers, which has been connected to the historical evidence of
iron
Iron () is a chemical element with symbol Fe (from la, ferrum) and atomic number 26. It is a metal that belongs to the first transition series and group 8 of the periodic table. It is, by mass, the most common element on Earth, right in f ...
mining in the region. The Persian King Cambyses II has also been said to have been buried here. However, no direct archaeological evidence of the Achaemenid city has been found.
[Sumner (1986), p.19]
The 10th-century writer
al-Muqaddasi
Shams al-Dīn Abū ʿAbd Allāh Muḥammad ibn Aḥmad ibn Abī Bakr al-Maqdisī ( ar, شَمْس ٱلدِّيْن أَبُو عَبْد ٱلله مُحَمَّد ابْن أَحْمَد ابْن أَبِي بَكْر ٱلْمَقْدِسِي), ...
described the great mosque of Neyriz as laying on the same street as the town's marketplace. The mosque was dedicated in the year 951. During this period, Neyriz was protected by a formidable castle, and it belonged to the district of
Darabjird
Darab ( fa, داراب, translit=Dārāb) — formerly Darabkert, or Darábgerd ("city of Darius")— is a city and capital of Darab County, Fars Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 54,513, in 13,279 families.
Historical ...
. The main route connecting Fars with
Kerman
Kerman ( fa, كرمان, Kermân ; also romanization of Persian, romanized as Kermun and Karmana), known in ancient times as the satrapy of Carmania, is the capital city of Kerman Province, Iran. At the 2011 census, its population was 821,394, in ...
at the time bypassed Neyriz, instead travelling through the nearby city of
Khayrah on the way to
Chahak. An alternate route, however, branched off at Khayrah and passed through Neyriz, eventually rejoining the main highway at the town of
Bimand, west of
Sirjan
Sirjan ( fa, سيرجان, also Romanized as Sīrjān; formerly Sa‘īdābād) is a city and the capital of Sirjan County, Kerman Province,in the south of Iran. According to the 2016 census, its population was 324,103 in 95,357 families. Sirjan ...
.
Among the notable inhabitants of the city were the 10th-century astronomer-mathematician
Abu'l-Abbās Fazl b. Ḥātem Neyrizi and the 13th-century master
calligrapher
Calligraphy (from el, link=y, καλλιγραφία) is a visual art related to writing. It is the design and execution of lettering with a pen, ink brush, or other writing instrument. Contemporary calligraphic practice can be defined as "t ...
Mirza Ahmad Neyrizi
Mirza may refer to:
* Mirza, Kamrup, town in Assam, India
* Mirza (name), historical royal title & noble
* ''Mirza'', the genus of giant mouse lemur
* "Mirza", song by Nino Ferrer
* ''Mirza – The Untold Story'', Punjabi action romance film wri ...
.
On 27 May 1850,
Sayyed Yahya Darabi
''Sayyid'' (, ; ar, سيد ; ; meaning 'sir', 'Lord', 'Master'; Arabic plural: ; feminine: ; ) is a surname of people descending from the Islamic prophet Muhammad through his grandsons, Hasan ibn Ali and Husayn ibn Ali, sons of Muhamma ...
arrived in Neyriz to great fanfare, entered the Great Mosque, and proclaimed the coming of
the Bāb as the chosen one of Islam.
Darabi, who had been a Muslim cleric prior to converting to
Bābism, was also known as
Wahid Wahid or Waheed is an Arabic masculine given name, meaning "One", "Absolute One". Al-Wahid is one of the 99 names of Allah.
Given name
* Waheed Akhtar (1934–1996),
* Waheed Alli, Baron Alli (born 1964), British multimillionaire media entrepre ...
, meaning "unique", a name the Bāb had bestowed upon him.
Fearing that Darabi would lead a Bābi uprising against him,
governor of Neyriz,
Haji Zayn al-Abedin Khan, recruited a local militia of 1,000 men to crack down on him and his followers. A standoff followed, with the governor's militia occupying the bazaar quarter and the Bābis holding the Chenār-sūkhta quarter around the mosque. The Bābis defeated the governor's forces in several skirmishes, and he retreated to the nearby village of
Qotra. Zayn al-Abedin Khan sent for reinforcements from
Shiraz
Shiraz (; fa, شیراز, Širâz ) is the List of largest cities of Iran, fifth-most-populous city of Iran and the capital of Fars province, Fars Province, which has been historically known as Pars (Sasanian province), Pars () and Persis. As o ...
, receiving three
infantry
Infantry is a military specialization which engages in ground combat on foot. Infantry generally consists of light infantry, mountain infantry, motorized infantry & mechanized infantry, airborne infantry, air assault infantry, and marine i ...
regiments along with
cavalry
Historically, cavalry (from the French word ''cavalerie'', itself derived from "cheval" meaning "horse") are soldiers or warriors who fight mounted on horseback. Cavalry were the most mobile of the combat arms, operating as light cavalry ...
and
artillery
Artillery is a class of heavy military ranged weapons that launch munitions far beyond the range and power of infantry firearms. Early artillery development focused on the ability to breach defensive walls and fortifications during siege ...
. These forces were also defeated in a pitched battle that lasted eight hours. After this, Zayn al-Abedin Khan offered Darabi and his followers safe passage home, but when they came out from their fort, they were captured and killed.
Two years later, in 1852,
Ali Sardar had emerged as the new leader of the Bābis in Neyriz. Fearing a new wave of persecution, a group of Bābis assassinated the governor at the public bath, despite such an action being forbidden by Bābi teachings. When a new governor arrived, the Bābis of Neyriz failed to win his trust, and they fled into the mountains to the south for protection, carrying provisions for several months. The governor recruited as many as 12,000 troops and
besieged
Besieged may refer to:
* the state of being under siege
* ''Besieged'' (film), a 1998 film by Bernardo Bertolucci
{{disambiguation ...
the Bābis' positions. Ali Sardar was killed in a failed
sortie
A sortie (from the French word meaning ''exit'' or from Latin root ''surgere'' meaning to "rise up") is a deployment or dispatch of one military unit, be it an aircraft, ship, or troops, from a strongpoint. The term originated in siege warfare. ...
by late October of 1853. Eventually, the dropping temperatures and waning food supplies forced the Bābis to surrender. 450 to 500 adult prisoners, including around 300 women, as well as an unknown number of children, were taken prisoner and deported to Shiraz.
Historical places
file:مسجد جامع کبیر-ایوان بزرگ توسطروحاله یگانه.jpg, The Great Mosque of Neyriz
file:مسجد جامع کبیر توسطروحاله یگانه.jpg, The Great Mosque of Neyriz
Attractions
Tarm waterfall
Tarm is one of the highest waterfalls in the Middle East and is a season waterfall.
Friday mosque
The Friday mosque of Neyriz was built in at least three phases, spanning Buyid, Seljuk and Il-Khanid rule in the Fars province. An inscription on the great qibla iwan indicates that the mihrab was built in 973, which is probably the date when the qibla iwan and the minaret were constructed and enclosed within the precinct walls. Identified as "iwan-mosque," the pre-Islamic typology of the Masjid-i Jami' in Neyriz, Bamiyan and Nishapur has led some scholars to believe that their mihrabs and minarets may have been appended to Zoroastrian fire temples. At Neyriz, the northwest iwan facing the original sanctuary was erected at a later date, followed by the addition of two rows of lateral arcades along the courtyard and iwan walls. The portal, which bears the date 1472, commemorates the last known period of construction.
The mosque has a rectangular layout, measuring about forty-eight by thirty-four metres on the exterior. It is aligned with qibla along the northwest-southeast axis and is centred on an arcaded courtyard that is fifteen metres long and eighteen and a half metres wide. Entered from a simple portal at the northern end of the northwest façade, the courtyard is dominated by the tall sanctuary iwan that occupies its southwest wing. Eleven metres wide and seventeen metres deep, the sanctuary iwan is vaulted at a height double that of the flat-roofed courtyard arcades that continue along its side walls. The archways connecting the iwan to the arcades were pierced when the latter were constructed. The sanctuary iwan also dominates the exterior appearance of the mosque with its projecting buttresses.
Across the courtyard from the sanctuary is the vaulted northeast iwan, which is seven metres square. It is flanked by passageways on either side that connect it with the main portal and the secondary portal, which was added to the eastern corner of the mosque in 1472. It is adjoined by the modern addition of two halls that span the length of the southeast mosque wall; the southern of these halls contains ablution fountains and latrines. There's also an octagonal fountain at the center of the courtyard. A single minaret, with a round tapering shaft terminating at a parapet, rises alongside the main portal. The spiraling steps of the minaret are accessed from the northwest arcade.
The mosque is made of baked bricks, covered with clay on the exterior and plastered white on the interior. The courtyard façade of the great iwan is simply ornamented with
polychrome
Polychrome is the "practice of decorating architectural elements, sculpture, etc., in a variety of colors." The term is used to refer to certain styles of architecture, pottery or sculpture in multiple colors.
Ancient Egypt
Colossal statu ...
tiles composed into geometric patterns. Inside, the decorative effort is focused on the mihrab niche on the qibla wall, which is framed with multiple bands of ornate arabesques and inscriptions carved in relief out of stucco. The original minbar, probably wooden, has since been replaced.
[Friday mosque in Neyriz](_blank)
/ref>
Palangan
Palangan is a valley located in the south of the city, separated by a mountain. From the city center, Palangan is a 45 to 60 minutes trip. The valley is especially popular in spring and summer and is a wonderful promenade for people who live in this part of the world, especially during the 13 be-dar ceremony.
Palangan means "panthers"; in the past, many Iranian tigers lived in the region, but today only a few remain. The spring of the stream that flows through the valley is named Besher and is located two hours from Palangan.
Gallery
File:دریاچه بختگان-طبیعت نیریز-عکاس روحاله یگانه.jpg
File:دریاچه بختگان خشک شده در اثر احداث بی رویه سد و حفر بی رویه چاه اب-طبیعت نیریز-عکاس روحاله یگانه.jpg
File:طبیعت نیریز-عکاس روحاله یگانه.jpg
File:ابشار تارم-طبیعت نیریز-عکاس روحاله یگانه.jpg
File:درخت بادام-طبیعت نیریز-عکاس روحاله یگانه.jpg
File:ابشار تارم2-طبیعت نیریز-عکاس روحاله یگانه.jpg
File:تقابل فصل ها-طبیعت نیریز-عکاس روحاله یگانه.jpg
File:دریاچه طشک خشک شده در اثر احداث بی رویه سد و حفر بی رویه چاه اب-طبیعت نیریز-عکاس روحاله یگانه.jpg
File:باغات انار-طبیعت نیریز-عکاس روحاله یگانه.jpg
File:لای حنا-طبیعت نیریز-عکاس روحاله یگانه.jpg
File:دهمورد-طبیعت نیریز-عکاس روحاله یگانه.jpg
File:دره پلنگان-طبیعت نیریز-عکاس روحاله یگانه.jpg
File:بوخون-طبیعت نیریز-عکاس روحاله یگانه.jpg
File:شکوفه های بادام-طبیعت نیریز-عکاس روحاله یگانه.jpg
File:طبیعت نیریز2-عکاس روحاله یگانه.jpg
References
Sources
*
*
{{Portal, Iran
Populated places in Neyriz County
Cities in Fars Province
Achaemenid cities