New Sculpture was a movement in late 19th-century British
sculpture
Sculpture is the branch of the visual arts that operates in three dimensions. Sculpture is the three-dimensional art work which is physically presented in the dimensions of height, width and depth. It is one of the plastic arts. Durable ...
with an emphasis on naturalistic poses and spiritual subjects.
The movement was characterised by the production of free-standing statues and statuettes of 'ideal' figures from poetry or mythology.
These figures were usually in bronze but a mixture of materials, such as ivory and gem stones, to give a polychromic effect, were also used. "New Sculpture" is most closely associated with the period from 1880 to 1910, although some artists continued to work in the style much further into the 20th-century.
The term "New Sculpture" was coined by the art critic
Edmund Gosse
Sir Edmund William Gosse (; 21 September 184916 May 1928) was an English poet, author and critic. He was strictly brought up in a small Protestant sect, the Plymouth Brethren, but broke away sharply from that faith. His account of his childhoo ...
, who wrote a four-part series for ''The Art Journal'' in 1894.
After a protracted period of a stylized
neoclassicism, sculpture in the last quarter of the century began to explore a greater degree of
naturalism and wider range of subject matter.
The French sculptor
Jules Dalou
Aimé-Jules Dalou (31 December 183815 April 1902) was a 19th-century French sculptor, admired for his perceptiveness, execution, and unpretentious realism.
Early life
Born in Paris to a working-class family of Huguenot background, he was raised ...
, in his eight-year English exile after the
Paris Commune
The Paris Commune (french: Commune de Paris, ) was a revolutionary government that seized power in Paris, the capital of France, from 18 March to 28 May 1871.
During the Franco-Prussian War of 1870–71, the French National Guard had defended ...
events in 1871, taught modelling at the
South Kensington School of Art
The Royal College of Art (RCA) is a public research university in London, United Kingdom, with campuses in South Kensington, Battersea and White City. It is the only entirely postgraduate art and design university in the United Kingdom. It off ...
, and then at the
Lambeth School of Art
Founded in 1854 as the Lambeth School of Art, the City and Guilds of London Art School is a small specialist art college located in central London, England. Originally founded as a government art school, it is now an independent, not-for-profit ...
. He profoundly influenced a new generation of British sculptors, helping to usher in a new approach to the medium.
The catalyst for this development is usually understood to be the exhibition, in 1877, of
Frederic Leighton
Frederic Leighton, 1st Baron Leighton, (3 December 1830 – 25 January 1896), known as Sir Frederic Leighton between 1878 and 1896, was a British painter, draughtsman, and sculptor. His works depicted historical, biblical, and classical subjec ...
's ''
An Athlete Wrestling with a Python
''An Athlete Wrestling with a Python'' was the first of three bronze sculptures produced by the British artist Frederic Leighton. Completed in 1877, the sculpture was a departure for Leighton, and heralded the advent of a new movement, New ...
''.
This was Leighton's first major sculpture, and he intended it as a challenge to the prevailing styles of sculpture. It reflected his interest in a more dynamic and vibrant representation of the human body and a shift from easily legible and
didactic subject matter. Many sculptors looked to the ''Athlete'' and created responses to it in the following years.
The New Sculpture represents an alternate formulation of a new direction for sculpture at the end of the nineteenth century. Whereas the major
French alternative to mid-19th-century sculpture,
Auguste Rodin, increasingly left the accurate representation of the human body behind, the New Sculptors by and large chose to grapple with issues arising from the naturalistic representation of the body and the detailed rendering of its surface variations. The New Sculpture does not represent one singular style, but rather a range of options developed to make sculpture more vital and lifelike.
A small exhibition dedicated to the New Sculpture was held at
Tate Britain
Tate Britain, known from 1897 to 1932 as the National Gallery of British Art and from 1932 to 2000 as the Tate Gallery, is an art museum on Millbank in the City of Westminster in London, England. It is part of the Tate network of galleries in ...
during the summer and early autumn of 2010. Works on display included ''Pandora'' by
Harry Bates, ''Mother Teaching Child'' and three small bronzes by
Alfred Gilbert
Sir Alfred Gilbert (12 August 18544 November 1934) was an English sculptor. He was born in London and studied sculpture under Joseph Boehm, Matthew Noble, Édouard Lantéri and Pierre-Jules Cavelier. His first work of importance was ''The Kis ...
, ''The Singer'', ''Applause'' and ''Folly'' by
Edward Onslow Ford, ''Lycidas'' by
James Havard Thomas
James Havard Thomas (22 December 1854 – 6 June 1921) was a Bristol-born sculptor active in London and Capri. He became the first Chair of Sculpture at the Slade School of Art in London. He was known for his painstakingly precise sculptures resu ...
, ''The Sluggard'' by
Frederic Leighton
Frederic Leighton, 1st Baron Leighton, (3 December 1830 – 25 January 1896), known as Sir Frederic Leighton between 1878 and 1896, was a British painter, draughtsman, and sculptor. His works depicted historical, biblical, and classical subjec ...
and ''The Nymph of Loch Awe'' by
F.W. Pomeroy.
Sculptors
Major figures associated with the New Sculpture, either by making a significant contribution to the movement or whose work was influenced by that of the major protagonists include:
References
Further reading
* Curtis, Penelope, et al. eds. ''Sculpture in 20th-Century Britain.'' Leeds:
Henry Moore Institute
Henry may refer to:
People
*Henry (given name)
* Henry (surname)
* Henry Lau, Canadian singer and musician who performs under the mononym Henry
Royalty
* Portuguese royalty
** King-Cardinal Henry, King of Portugal
** Henry, Count of Portugal, ...
, 2003.
* Getsy, David. ''Body Doubles: Sculpture in Britain, 1877–1905.'' New Haven and London:
Yale University Press
Yale University Press is the university press of Yale University. It was founded in 1908 by George Parmly Day, and became an official department of Yale University in 1961, but it remains financially and operationally autonomous.
, Yale Universi ...
, 2004.
* Getsy, David, ed., ''Sculpture and the Pursuit of a Modern Ideal in Britain, c.1880–1930.'' Aldershot:
Ashgate
Ashgate Publishing was an academic book and journal publisher based in Farnham (Surrey, United Kingdom). It was established in 1967 and specialised in the social sciences, arts, humanities and professional practice. It had an American office in ...
, 2004.
*
* Read, Benedict. ''Victorian Sculpture.'' New Haven:
Yale University Press
Yale University Press is the university press of Yale University. It was founded in 1908 by George Parmly Day, and became an official department of Yale University in 1961, but it remains financially and operationally autonomous.
, Yale Universi ...
, 1982.
{{Authority control
British sculpture
Victorian culture
Lists of sculptors