The New Hong Kong Alliance (, abbreviated 新港盟; NHKA) was a
pro-Beijing
The pro-Beijing camp, pro-establishment camp, pro-government camp or pro-China camp refers to a political alignment in Hong Kong which generally supports the policies of the Beijing central government and the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) t ...
conservative
Conservatism is a cultural, social, and political philosophy that seeks to promote and to preserve traditional institutions, practices, and values. The central tenets of conservatism may vary in relation to the culture and civilization i ...
political organisation in Hong Kong in the 1990s mostly composed of businessmen and professionals. It was considered the more conservative wing of the
Group of 89
The Group of 89 or Business and Professional Group of the Basic Law Consultative Committee was a conservative political pressure group formed by the conservative business and professional elites led by tycoon Vincent Lo in the Hong Kong Basic Law ...
formed by established elites in the debate of drafting the
Hong Kong Basic Law
The Basic Law of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China is a national law of China that serves as the organic law for the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (HKSAR). Comprising nine chapters, 160 ...
and democratisation. It proposed the ultra-conservative Bicameral Model for the future political structure. The alliance's key person was secretary
Lo Tak-shing
Lo may refer to any of the following:
Arts and entertainment
* ''Lo!'', the third published nonfiction work of the author Charles Fort
* L.O., a fictional character in the Playhouse Disney show Happy Monster Band
* ''Lo'' (film), a 2009 indep ...
who had an eye on the
Chief Executive
A chief executive officer (CEO), also known as a central executive officer (CEO), chief administrator officer (CAO) or just chief executive (CE), is one of a number of corporate executives charged with the management of an organization especially ...
post after 1997, the alliance became less active as Lo's chance of contesting the post got slimmer and it ceased to exist in 1999.
History
It was founded by the minority wing of the
Group of 89
The Group of 89 or Business and Professional Group of the Basic Law Consultative Committee was a conservative political pressure group formed by the conservative business and professional elites led by tycoon Vincent Lo in the Hong Kong Basic Law ...
, the conservative faction in the
Hong Kong Basic Law Drafting Committee
The Hong Kong Special Administrative Region Basic Law Drafting Committee (BLDC) was formed in June 1985 for the drafts of the Hong Kong Basic Law for the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (HKSAR) after 1997. It was formed as a working group ...
(BLDC) and
Consultative Committee (BLCC), as well as
Legislative Council members,
District Board
The district councils, formerly district boards until 1999, are the local councils for the 18 districts of Hong Kong.
History Before establishment
An early basis for the delivery of local services were the Kaifong associations, set up i ...
members, civil servants, and members from the
Progressive Hong Kong Society
The Progressive Hong Kong Society (; PHKS) was a political group in Hong Kong. It was established on 14 February 1985 by the then Executive and Legislative Council member Maria Tam. The party is considered conservative and pro-Beijing, in contr ...
(PHKS) but its leader,
Maria Tam Wai-chu
Maria Tam Wai-chu (; born 2 November 1945) is a senior Hong Kong politician and lawyer. She is a member of the Committee for the Basic Law of the National People's Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC) since 1997 and the chairman of the Operati ...
did not join the alliance due to its incompatibility of the alliance's aim at influencing government policies and her own role as
Executive Council member, though she was still involved in it informally.
Led by
Lo Tak-shing
Lo may refer to any of the following:
Arts and entertainment
* ''Lo!'', the third published nonfiction work of the author Charles Fort
* L.O., a fictional character in the Playhouse Disney show Happy Monster Band
* ''Lo'' (film), a 2009 indep ...
, the former Executive Council and Legislative Council member and subsequently the chairman of the BLCC Standing Committee, the alliance's general committee had 32 members, 21 were from the Group of 89 and 10 from the PHKS, and at least 6 belonged to both Group of 89 and the PHKS. Core founding members included
Raymond Wu Wai-yung,
Maria Tam Wai-chu
Maria Tam Wai-chu (; born 2 November 1945) is a senior Hong Kong politician and lawyer. She is a member of the Committee for the Basic Law of the National People's Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC) since 1997 and the chairman of the Operati ...
,
Kan Fook-yee
Kan Fook-yee, GBS (born 14 June 1936, Hong Kong) was the member of the Provisional Legislative Council. He is a member of the Hong Kong Institute of Surveyors, fellow of the Chartered Institute of Arbitrators and Royal Institution of Charter Su ...
,
Chan Wing-kee,
Lee Jung-kong
Dr. Jung Kong Lee (; December 1924 – 31 January 1990) was a Hong Kong-born American-educated chemist and politician. He was member of the Hysan Lee family and a chemist at the University of Kansas. He was also a member of the Hong Kong Basic L ...
, Veronica Cha,
Philip Kwok Chi-kuen
Dr. Philip Kwok Chi-kuen, SBS, JP (; born 6 December 1938) is a Hong Kong businessman and politician.
Biography
Kwok was born on 6 December 1938 to Kwok Lam-po and Sylvia Li Yuet-sheung. His grandfather, Kwok Chuen, was the founder of the Wing ...
and
Peter Wong Hong-yuen
Peter Wong Hong-yuen, GBS, OBE, JP (born 25 April 1944, Shanghai) was a member of the Legislative Council of Hong Kong (1988–95).
He was President of the Hong Kong Society of Accountants from 1984 to 1985 and was elected Legislative Counc ...
, and was supported by Lo's cousin
Henry Litton
Henry Denis Litton CBE, GBM ( Chinese transliteration: 烈顯倫; born 7 August 1934) is a retired judge in Hong Kong.
Early life and education
Born into a Eurasian family in Hong Kong, Henry Litton excelled in school during his early years ...
,
Tso Wung-wai
Dr. Tso Wung-wai (; born 28 February 1941), BBS is a Hong Kong politician and chemistry professor. He is an adjunct professor at the Chinese University of Hong Kong, and has also served as a Hong Kong delegate to the National People's Congress of ...
,
Elsie Leung
Elsie Leung Oi-sie, Grand Bauhinia Medal, GBM, Justice of the Peace, JP (; born 24 April 1939) is a Hong Kong politician and solicitor. She was Secretary for Justice (Hong Kong), Secretary for Justice of Hong Kong from 1997 to 2005 and a member ...
and the later
Chief Executive
A chief executive officer (CEO), also known as a central executive officer (CEO), chief administrator officer (CAO) or just chief executive (CE), is one of a number of corporate executives charged with the management of an organization especially ...
Leung Chun-ying
Leung Chun-ying (; born 12 August 1954), also known as CY Leung, is a Hong Kong politician and chartered surveyor, who has served as vice-chairman of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference since Mar ...
. Lo Tak-shing was elected honorary secretary, Legislative Council member Peter Wong as treasurer, Veronica Wu and Raymond Wu as press secretaries and
Urban Council
The Urban Council (UrbCo) was a municipal council in Hong Kong responsible for municipal services on Hong Kong Island and in Kowloon (including New Kowloon). These services were provided by the council's executive arm, the Urban Services ...
member
Pao Ping-wing
Pao Ping-wing, JP (; born 1948) is a Hong Kong businessman and politician. He was an elected member of the Urban Council of Hong Kong and member of the Kowloon City District Board.
Early life
Pao was born in Hong Kong.
Education
Pao graduate ...
as recruitment officer.
For the future political structure of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region after 1997 during the drafting of the
Basic Law, the alliance proposed a political structure which was considered ultra-conservative called the Bicameral Model, in which only 25 of the Legislative Council members would be directly elected before 2005. Each chamber in the bicameral structure would have the veto power ''vis-a-vis'' the other. The
Chief Executive
A chief executive officer (CEO), also known as a central executive officer (CEO), chief administrator officer (CAO) or just chief executive (CE), is one of a number of corporate executives charged with the management of an organization especially ...
would not be directly elected before 2005. The Bicameral Model caused head-to head confrontation of the supporters of the compromised "4-4-2 Model" which was supported by members of the Group of 89 such as
Vincent Lo Hong-shui
Vincent Lo Hong-shui, GBM, GBS, JP (; born 18 April 1948) is the chairman of Hong Kong-based Shui On Group, a building-materials and construction firm. He graduated from the University of New South Wales, Australia, in 1969. Upon returning ...
. Lo Tak-shing and other four alliance members tried to block the adoption of the "4-4-2 Model" which led to some key alliance members from the party, such as Peter Wong,
James Tien,
William Fung
William Fung Kwok Lun OBE JP () (born 21 February 1949) is a Hong Kong billionaire businessman who is the group managing director of Li & Fung Group, one of the largest trading companies in Hong Kong.
Early life
Fung was born in 1949 in Hong ...
, Chan Wing-kee, Raymond Wu, Veronica Wu, Philip Kwok to quit the alliance in early 1990.
The alliance won one seat in the
1991 election of the
Legislative Council of Hong Kong
The Legislative Council of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (LegCo) is the unicameral legislature of Hong Kong. It sits under China's " one country, two systems" constitutional arrangement, and is the power centre of Hong Kong ...
,
Philip Wong
Philip Wong Yu-hong, GBS (; 23 December 1938 – 6 June 2021) was a politician in Hong Kong who served as a member of the legislative council ( Functional constituencies, Commercial econd, a deputy to the National People's Congress and vice ...
in the
Commercial (Second)
The Commercial (Second) functional constituency () is a functional constituency in the elections for the Legislative Council of Hong Kong
The Legislative Council of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (LegCo) is the unicamer ...
functional constituency.
Ronnie Wong Man-chiu
Ronnie Wong Man-chiu, JP (, born 3 April 1952) is a Hong Kong politician, businessman and former Olympic swimmer.
Biography
Wong was born into a wealthy shipping family. His father founded Chung Wah Shipbuilding & Engineering Company. He gradu ...
and
Winnie Cheung Wai-sun Winnie Cheung Wai-sun (, born 1952) is a Hong Kong businesswoman and politician.
Cheung is the grand daughter of the later businessman Cheung Chuk-shan and wife of Yuen Pak-yiu, member of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference. Her ...
contested the
Island West constituency on a joint-ticket but were beaten by the
United Democrats
The United Democrats ( el, Ενωμένοι Δημοκράτες (ΕΔΗ), ''Enomenoi Dimokrates'' (EDI)) is a liberal political party in Cyprus. The party was founded by former President of Cyprus George Vasiliou in 1993 as ''Kinima Elefther ...
team of
Yeung Sum
Yeung Sum (; born 22 November 1947 in Guangzhou) is a Hong Kong politician and academic. He served several terms as a Legislative Councillor and was the second chairman of the Democratic Party (DP), a pro-democracy political party in Hong ...
and
Huang Chen-ya
Huang Chen-ya, MBE (; born 4 November 1939) is a neurologist and member of the Democratic Party and was the member of the Legislative Council of Hong Kong (1991–97) for Hong Kong Island West.
Biography
He was a third-generation of Chinese ...
. Another Legislative Councillor of the alliance was
Howard Young
Howard Young How Wah (, born 30 March 1948 in Hong Kong with family roots in Xinhui, Guangdong) was a member of the Legislative Council of Hong Kong ( Functional constituencies, Tourism) and the member of Southern District Council. He is a member ...
, who was also member of the
Liberal Party
The Liberal Party is any of many political parties around the world. The meaning of ''liberal'' varies around the world, ranging from liberal conservatism on the right to social liberalism on the left.
__TOC__ Active liberal parties
This is a li ...
and the
Liberal Democratic Federation of Hong Kong
The Liberal Democratic Federation of Hong Kong (, abbreviated 自民聯; LDF) was a pro-Beijing pro-business and conservative political party in Hong Kong. It was established in 1990, and was composed of mainly conservative businessmen and prof ...
.
The alliance opposed to the last Governor
Chris Patten
Christopher Francis Patten, Baron Patten of Barnes, (; born 12 May 1944) is a British politician who was the 28th and last Governor of Hong Kong from 1992 to 1997 and Chairman of the Conservative Party from 1990 to 1992. He was made a life pe ...
's
constitutional reform
A constitutional amendment is a modification of the constitution of a polity, organization or other type of entity. Amendments are often interwoven into the relevant sections of an existing constitution, directly altering the text. Conversely, ...
of the
functional constituency
A functional constituency is an electoral device (a non-geographical constituency) used within the political systems of two Special Administrative Regions of the People's Republic of China:
* Functional constituency (Hong Kong)
* Functional cons ...
enlargement in 1992, thought that it would damage the
Sino-British relations and the stability of Hong Kong before the
handover
In cellular telecommunications, handover, or handoff, is the process of transferring an ongoing call or data session from one channel connected to the core network to another channel. In satellite communications it is the process of transfe ...
in 1997.
It was strongly present in the
Preparatory Committee hand-picked by Beijing for the establishment of the SAR running up to 1997 and subsequently the
Provisional Legislative Council
The Provisional Legislative Council (PLC) was the interim legislature of Hong Kong that operated from 1997 to 1998. The legislature was founded in Guangzhou and sat in Shenzhen from 1996 (with offices in Hong Kong) until the handover in 1997 an ...
.
Lo Tak-shing, who had been widely perceived as the potential candidate in the
first Chief Executive election in 1996 for the highest office in the post-1997 SAR government. As Lo's chance of contesting the post got slimmer in 1996, the Alliance became less active. It was eventually dissolved in 1999.
Election performance
Legislative Council elections
Municipal elections
See also
*
Politics of Hong Kong
The politics of Hong Kong takes place in a framework of a political system dominated by its constitutional document, the Hong Kong Basic Law, its own legislature, the Chief Executive as the head of government and of the Special Administrativ ...
*
List of political parties in Hong Kong
Hong Kong had a multi-party system, with numerous parties in which no one party was allowed to gain power by controlling the Legislative Council. The Chief Executive is selected by the Politburo based on an indirectly elected Election Committee ...
References
External links
{{Authority control
1989 establishments in Hong Kong
1999 disestablishments in China
Conservative parties in Hong Kong
Defunct political parties in Hong Kong
Political parties disestablished in 1999
Political parties established in 1989