New Brunswick's Equal Opportunity Program was a government program that transformed social services in the Canadian province of

New Brunswick New Brunswick (french: Nouveau-Brunswick, , locally ) is one of the thirteen provinces and territories of Canada. It is one of the three Maritime provinces and one of the four Atlantic provinces. It is the only province with both English and ...

. It was begun in 1967 under the leadership of premier

Louis Robichaud Louis Joseph Robichaud (October 21, 1925 – January 6, 2005), popularly known as "Little Louis" or "P'tit-Louis", was the second (but first elected) Acadian premier of New Brunswick, serving from 1960 to 1970. With the Equal Opportunity p ...

. The program was one of a series of progressive reforms brought by Robichaud's

Liberal Party The Liberal Party is any of many political parties around the world. The meaning of ''liberal'' varies around the world, ranging from liberal conservatism on the right to social liberalism on the left. __TOC__ Active liberal parties This is a li ...

government. By the early 1960s New Brunswick had become a province with deep regional inequalities. While municipalities and counties were responsible for providing a wide range of services to their populations, they did not have an adequate tax base to pay for them. These services included health, welfare, education, and justice. In 1962 the Royal Commission on Finance and Municipal Taxation was formed. The resultin
findings and recommendations
went on to inform the Equal Opportunity Program. The most significant changes to the local governance system included: * Realignment of service responsibilities between the provincial and local governments. Services such as education, health, social welfare and the administration of justice became the complete responsibility of the provincial government. Local services such as fire protection, roads and streets, police protection, parks and recreation, local planning and development would be looked after by local governments. * Introduction of a revamped property tax system to support the new provincial and local service responsibilities and the new structure. This included the introduction of the provincial property tax ($1.50 per $100 of assessment); the centralization of the assessment, billing and collection functions. * Abolition and replacement of county municipalities with Local Service Districts. Many small communities were incorporated as villages and existing towns and cities remained in place. The abolition left the counties with no with no political role, although the old county and parish borders were still used to define the local service districts that replaced county councils, and for the census subdivisions of

Census Canada Statistics Canada conducts a national census of population and census of agriculture every five years and releases the data with a two-year lag. The Census of Population provides demographic and statistical data that is used to plan public servic ...

. * Introduction of an unconditional grant system for local governments and Local Service Districts to help ensure that residents could receive a comparable level of services at reasonable property tax rates. * Enactment of ''The Municipalities Act'' to set the administrative and governance framework for

municipalities A municipality is usually a single administrative division having corporate status and powers of self-government or jurisdiction as granted by national and regional laws to which it is subordinate. The term ''municipality'' may also mean the go ...

and Local Service Districts. Parts of the report were implemented as the Equal Opportunity Program on 1 January 1967. The province took responsibility for health, welfare, education, and justice. The

poll tax A poll tax, also known as head tax or capitation, is a tax levied as a fixed sum on every liable individual (typically every adult), without reference to income or resources. Head taxes were important sources of revenue for many governments fr ...

was abolished, the number of school districts was reduced to 34 from over 400, and property tax was imposed. More than 50 years after being implemented, these changes still form the basis of our local governance system. However, many adjustments to the local governance system, large and small, have been made during this time in response to the various issues that have arisen.

References

{{DEFAULTSORT:New Brunswick Equal Opportunity Program Defunct New Brunswick government departments and agencies