Neutrophil cytosol factor 4 is a
protein
Proteins are large biomolecules and macromolecules that comprise one or more long chains of amino acid residues. Proteins perform a vast array of functions within organisms, including catalysing metabolic reactions, DNA replication, respo ...
that in humans is encoded by the ''NCF4''
gene
In biology, the word gene (from , ; "...Wilhelm Johannsen coined the word gene to describe the Mendelian units of heredity..." meaning ''generation'' or ''birth'' or ''gender'') can have several different meanings. The Mendelian gene is a ba ...
.
Function
The protein encoded by this gene is a cytosolic regulatory component of the superoxide-producing phagocyte NADPH-oxidase, a multicomponent enzyme system important for host defense. This protein is preferentially expressed in cells of myeloid lineage. It interacts primarily with neutrophil cytosolic factor 2 (NCF2/p67-phox) to form a complex with neutrophil cytosolic factor 1 (NCF1/p47-phox), which further interacts with the small G protein RAC1 and translocates to the membrane upon cell stimulation. This complex then activates flavocytochrome b, the membrane-integrated catalytic core of the enzyme system. The PX domain of this protein can bind phospholipid products of the PI(3) kinase, which suggests its role in PI(3) kinase-mediated signaling events. The phosphorylation of this protein was found to negatively regulate the enzyme activity. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been observed.
Clinical significance
GWAS studies showed that Crohn's disease patient with certain SNPs in NCF4 are more susceptible to get Crohn's disease.
Crohn's patient with rs4821544 variants showed a decreased reactive oxygen species after stimulation with GM-CSF which is a proinflammtory cytokine.
Interactions
Neutrophil cytosolic factor 4 has been shown to
interact
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with
Ku70
Ku70 is a protein that, in humans, is encoded by the ''XRCC6'' gene.
Function
Together, Ku70 and Ku80 make up the Ku heterodimer, which binds to DNA double-strand break ends and is required for the non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) pathway of ...
,
Neutrophil cytosolic factor 1
Neutrophil cytosol factor 1, also known as p47phox, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''NCF1'' gene.
Function
The protein encoded by this gene is a 47 kDa cytosolic subunit of neutrophil NADPH oxidase. This oxidase is a multicompone ...
and
Moesin
Moesin is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''MSN'' gene.
Moesin (for membrane-organizing extension spike protein) is a member of the ERM protein family which includes ezrin and radixin. ERM proteins appear to function as cross-linkers ...
.
References
Further reading
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{{NADH or NADPH oxidoreductases
Proteins