Neuroprotectin D1 (NPD1) (10''R'',17''S''-dihydroxy-4''Z'',7''Z'',11''E'',13''E'',15''Z'',19''Z''-docosahexaenoic acid) also known as

Protectin D1 Protectin D1 also known as neuroprotectin D1 (when it acts in the nervous system) and abbreviated most commonly as PD1 or NPD1 is a member of the class of specialized proresolving mediators. Like other members of this class of polyunsaturated fa ...

(PD1) is a

docosanoid In biochemistry, docosanoids are signaling molecules made by the metabolism of twenty-two-carbon fatty acids (EFAs), especially the omega-3 fatty acid, Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) (i.e. 4''Z'',7''Z'',10''Z'',13''Z'',16''Z'',19''Z''-docosahexaenoic a ...

derived from the

polyunsaturated fatty acid Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are fatty acids that contain more than one double bond in their backbone. This class includes many important compounds, such as essential fatty acids and those that give drying oils their characteristic proper ...

(PUFA)

docosahexaenoic acid Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is an omega-3 fatty acid that is a primary structural component of the human brain, cerebral cortex, skin, and retina. In physiological literature, it is given the name 22:6(n-3). It can be synthesized from alpha-lino ...

(DHA), which is a component of fish oil and the most important omega-3 PUFA. Like other members of the

specialized proresolving mediators Specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPM, also termed specialized proresolving mediators) are a large and growing class of cell signaling molecules formed in cells by the metabolism of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) by one or a combination of ...

class of PUFA metabolites, NPD1 exerts potent

anti-inflammatory Anti-inflammatory is the property of a substance or treatment that reduces inflammation or swelling. Anti-inflammatory drugs, also called anti-inflammatories, make up about half of analgesics. These drugs remedy pain by reducing inflammation as o ...

and anti-

apoptotic Apoptosis (from grc, ἀπόπτωσις, apóptōsis, 'falling off') is a form of programmed cell death that occurs in multicellular organisms. Biochemical events lead to characteristic cell changes (morphology) and death. These changes includ ...

/neuroprotective bioactivity. Other neuroprotectins with similar activity include: PDX (10''R'',17''S''-dihydroxy-4''Z'',7''Z'',11''E'',13''Z'',15''E'',19''Z''-docosahexaenoic acid); 20-hydroxy-PD1 (10''R'',17''S'',20-trihydroxy-4''Z'',7''Z'',11''E'',13''E'',15''Z'',19''Z''-docosahexaenoic acid); and 10-epi-PD1 (10''R'',17''S''-Dihydroxy-4''Z'',7''Z'',11''E'',13''E'',15''Z'',19''Z''-docosahexaenoic acid). The activity of neuroprotectin-like metabolite, 17-epi-PD1 (10''R'',17''R''-dihydroxy-4''Z'',7''Z'',11''E'',13''E'',15''Z'',19''Z''-docosahexaenoic acid), has not yet been reported. Neuroprotectins A and B, which are bicyclohexapeptides, are to be distinguished structurally and mechanistically from the neuroprotectin D's.

References

Cell biology Immunology Metabolic pathways Fatty acids {{biochem-stub

See also

References