Neurogenic differentiation 1 (Neurod1), also called β2, is a
transcription factor
In molecular biology, a transcription factor (TF) (or sequence-specific DNA-binding factor) is a protein that controls the rate of transcription of genetic information from DNA to messenger RNA, by binding to a specific DNA sequence. The fu ...
of the
NeuroD
NeuroD, also called Beta2, is a basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor expressed in certain parts of brain, beta pancreatic cells and enteroendocrine cells. It is involved in the differentiation of nervous system and development of pancreas. ...
-type. It is encoded by the human gene NEUROD1.
In mice, ''Neurod1'' expression is first seen at embryonic day 12 (E12).
It is a member of the Neurod family of
basic helix-loop-helix
BASIC (Beginners' All-purpose Symbolic Instruction Code) is a family of general-purpose, high-level programming languages designed for ease of use. The original version was created by John G. Kemeny and Thomas E. Kurtz at Dartmouth College ...
(bHLH)
transcription factor
In molecular biology, a transcription factor (TF) (or sequence-specific DNA-binding factor) is a protein that controls the rate of transcription of genetic information from DNA to messenger RNA, by binding to a specific DNA sequence. The fu ...
s, composed of Neurod1, Neurod2, Neurod4, and Neurod6. The protein forms heterodimers with other bHLH proteins and activates transcription of genes that contain a specific DNA sequence known as the E-box. It regulates expression of the
insulin gene
Insulin (, from Latin ''insula'', 'island') is a peptide hormone produced by beta cells of the pancreatic islets encoded in humans by the ''INS'' gene. It is considered to be the main anabolic hormone of the body. It regulates the metabolism o ...
, and mutations in this gene result in
type II diabetes mellitus
Type 2 diabetes, formerly known as adult-onset diabetes, is a form of diabetes mellitus that is characterized by high blood sugar, insulin resistance, and relative lack of insulin. Common symptoms include increased thirst, frequent urination ...
in mouse models and in human clinical patients.
''Neurod1'' is found to convert reactive glial cells into functional neurons in the mouse brain ''in vivo'' In the adult cortex, ''Neurod1'' expression is a marker of mature excitatory pyramidal neurons in the upper-most layers of the cortex.
Interactions
Neurod1 has been shown to
interact
Advocates for Informed Choice, dba interACT or interACT Advocates for Intersex Youth, is a 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization using innovative strategies to advocate for the legal and human rights of children with intersex traits. The organizati ...
with
MAP3K10
Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 10 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ''MAP3K10'' gene.
Function
The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the serine/threonine kinase family. This kinase has been shown to activa ...
,
and
Cyclin D1.
References
Further reading
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External links
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Transcription factors
Human proteins
{{gene-2-stub