Net-poetry is a development of

net.art net.art refers to a group of artists who have worked in the medium of Internet art since 1994. Some of the early adopters and main members of this movement include Vuk Ćosić, Jodi.org, Alexei Shulgin, Olia Lialina, Heath Bunting, Daniel Gar ...

, involving poetry. This kind of experimental art was born in several different cities and countries around 1995.

Short history

Net-poetry was born in the context of net-art and

digital art Digital art refers to any artistic work or practice that uses digital technology as part of the creative or presentation process, or more specifically computational art that uses and engages with digital media. Since the 1960s, various name ...

avant-garde in various countries in the early 90s. It is generally accepted that the simple publication of poems, visual poems or art images in a web site can not be considered Net-poetry, which is connected with the concept of "

network Network, networking and networked may refer to: Science and technology * Network theory, the study of graphs as a representation of relations between discrete objects * Network science, an academic field that studies complex networks Mathematics ...

", openness, and

interactivity Across the many fields concerned with interactivity, including information science, computer science, human-computer interaction, communication, and industrial design, there is little agreement over the meaning of the term "interactivity", but mo ...

Poetry hypertext and interactive environments online

Some pioneer artists created different kind of net-poetry, as interactive environment on line including animated text and

digital poetry Digital poetry is a form of electronic literature, displaying a wide range of approaches to poetry, with a prominent and crucial use of computers. Digital poetry can be available in form of CD-ROM, DVD, as installations in art galleries, in c ...

: Ana Maria Uribe, Reiner Strasser (interactive video-sound poetry), Jim Andrews (vispo.com), Ted Warnell aka Poem by Nari (warnell.com). Other artists intend net-poetry as interactive hypertext poetry/narration that can be adapted for Internet, examples being

Deena Larsen Deena Larsen (born 1964) is a new media and hypertext fiction author involved in the creative electronic writing community since the 1980s. Her work has been published in online journals such as the ''Iowa Review Web'', ''Cauldron and Net'', ''fr ...

(''Marble Spring'', interactive poetry hypertext in CD ROM, 1993, ''Disappearing Rein'', 1999), Robert Kendall (''Frame Work'', 1999, a ''Study in Shades'', 2000),

Mendi Obadike Mendi Obadike ( in 1973) and Keith A. L. Townsend Obadike (born 1973) are an Igbo people, Igbo Nigerian American couple who create music, writing, and art. Their music, live art and conceptual Internet artworks have been exhibited internationally. ...

(Keeping Up Appearances, a hypertextimonial, 2001) and others. ''Karenina.it'' (1998) was an Italian and international net-poetry project, conceived as a virtual happening and online network of experimental poets and artists who were active online in the 90s. Participants included historical performance artists, visual poets, theorists, sound poets, literary and art critics, such as Mirella Bentivoglio, Tomaso Binga, Julien Blaine,

Caterina Davinio Caterina Davinio (born Maria Caterina Invidia; 25 November 1957, Foggia) is an Italian poet, novelist and new media artist. She is the author of works of digital art, net.art, video art and was the creator of Italian Net-poetry in 1998. Biogr ...

, founder of the project, Marco Maria Gazzano, Philadelpho Menezes,

Eugenio Miccini Eugenio Miccini (b. Florence 1925 – d. Florence 2007) was an Italian artist and writer, considered to be one of the fathers of Italian visual poetry. Biography Eugenio Miccini (1925 in Florence – 2007 in Florence) is considered to be one of the ...

Massimo Mori Massimo, also Massimino, and Massimine () is a masculine Italian given name. Notable people with the name include: Given name: * Massimo Agostinelli (Max Agos) (born 1987), Swiss based Italian American artist, entrepreneur and activist * Massimo A ...

, Francesco Muzzioli, Clemente Padin,

Lamberto Pignotti Lamberto Pignotti (born 1926 in Firenze) is an Italian poet, writer and visual artist. Biography In the early 1960s, he was one of the first artists who worked creating intersections between poetry, word and mass media, fixing theoretical basis an ...

and new media artists. ''Karenina.it'' collaborated in participative projects in the context of the

Venice Biennale The Venice Biennale (; it, La Biennale di Venezia) is an international cultural exhibition hosted annually in Venice, Italy by the Biennale Foundation. The biennale has been organised every year since 1895, which makes it the oldest of ...

Net-poetry at the 49th Venice Biennale, 2001

A net-poetry event (the online happening "Parallel-Action-Bunker") was featured in the

Biennale di Venezia The Venice Biennale (; it, La Biennale di Venezia) is an international cultural exhibition hosted annually in Venice, Italy by the Biennale Foundation. The biennale has been organised every year since 1895, which makes it the oldest of ...

in 2001. It was produced and curated by the digital artist and poet

in the context of ''Bunker Poetico'', a collaborative installation by the artist Marco Nereo Rotelli which involved 1,000 international poets. The virtual happening “Azione-Parellala-Bunker" (Parallel Action-Bunker) was held online contemporaneously with real performances at Orsogrill delle Artiglierie, a real space of the

. With this event, a relationship was created between real and virtual poetry events – a new connective and collective network of poetry, based on communication, and similar to some events and happenings organized by

Fluxus Fluxus was an international, interdisciplinary community of artists, composers, designers and poets during the 1960s and 1970s who engaged in experimental art performances which emphasized the artistic process over the finished product. Fluxus ...

, e-

mail art Mail art, also known as postal art and correspondence art, is an artistic movement centered on sending small-scale works through the postal service. It initially developed out of what eventually became Ray Johnson's New York Correspondence Scho ...

and

relational art Relational art or relational aesthetics is a mode or tendency in fine art practice originally observed and highlighted by French art critic Nicolas Bourriaud. Bourriaud defined the approach as "a set of artistic practices which take as their theor ...

Other net-poetry events

Other net-poetry events, created by Davinio in collaboration with an open network of international artists and poets, were: *''Global Poetry'' (21–27 March 2002): a multi-located event with simultaneous performances, screenings and poetry readings in Italia, USA, Brazil, Argentina, Uruguay, Russia, Germany, France and other countries. 122 poets and artists were involved and websites and video documents were created. In October 2003 this project was published on the official website of the 50th Venice Biennale, in the context of the online exhibition ''BlogWork-The NetWork is the ArtWork'' (project curated by ASAC, Venice). "Global Poetry" was also included in the Rhizome Net.art database (NYC – USA). *''GATES'' (July 4 – December 31, 2003): a net-poetry event created by Caterina Davinio and dedicated to Pierre Restany. 150 international artists were involved in a multi-located performance, with installations, screenings and poetry readings in Italy, USA, Brazil, Venezuela, Uruguay, Russia, Germany, France, Spain, Japan, Morocco, and other countries. In October 2003, GATES was featured in the official website of the 50th Venice Biennale, in the online project ''BlogWork-The NetWork is the ArtWork'' (50th Venice Biennale – ASAC). *''Virtual Island'': a net-poetry happening online, created by Caterina Davinio in 2005; it was included in ''Isola della Poesia'', a collateral exhibition of the 51st Venice Biennale. 500 poets were involved. ''Isola della poesia'' was a real installation by the artist and architect Marco Nereo Rotelli on San Secondo Island, in Venice. This event in Venice was curated by the art critic

Achille Bonito Oliva Achille Bonito Oliva (born 1939) is an Italian art critic and historian of contemporary art. Since 1968 he has taught history of contemporary art at La Sapienza, the university of Rome. He has written extensively on contemporary art and contempo ...

. The real installation had a simultaneous virtual space online called ''Virtual Island'', created by

in collaboration with the Italian newspaper La Repubblica, where poets from around the world could write poems during the Venice Biennale. The participants included emerging and established poets, such as

Lawrence Ferlinghetti Lawrence Monsanto Ferlinghetti (March 24, 1919 – February 22, 2021) was an American poet, painter, social activist, and co-founder of City Lights Booksellers & Publishers. The author of poetry, translations, fiction, theatre, art criticism, an ...

Fernanda Pivano Fernanda Pivano (18 July 1917 – 18 August 2009) was an Italian writer, journalist, translator and critic. Early life Pivano was born in Genoa in 1917. When she was a teenager she moved with her family to Turin where she attended the Massimo D ...

Adunis Ali Ahmad Said Esber (, North Levantine: ; born 1 January 1930), also known by the pen name Adonis or Adunis ( ar, أدونيس ), is a Syrian poet, essayist and translator. He led a modernist revolution in the second half of the 20th century, ...

. The opening of the exhibition "Isola della poesia" - with poetry readings by international poets - was organized on board of the ship "Il Doge", which navigated in the Venice Lagoon during the Venice Biennale opening (video document). * ''The First Poetry Space Shuttle Landing on Second Life'', in the 2009 Venice Biennale, first interactive poetry installation in the virtual world

Second Life ''Second Life'' is an online multimedia platform that allows people to create an avatar for themselves and then interact with other users and user created content within a multi player online virtual world. Developed and owned by the San Fra ...

, involving interactive spaces on

YouTube YouTube is a global online video sharing and social media platform headquartered in San Bruno, California. It was launched on February 14, 2005, by Steve Chen, Chad Hurley, and Jawed Karim. It is owned by Google, and is the second mo ...

Facebook Facebook is an online social media and social networking service owned by American company Meta Platforms. Founded in 2004 by Mark Zuckerberg with fellow Harvard College students and roommates Eduardo Saverin, Andrew McCollum, Dustin Mosk ...

, and web sites. * Network Poetico, poetry readings from around the world using a Skype video call connected with San Servolo Island, in the context of the 2009 Venice Biennale.In the project: Mercury House One_Save the Poetry by Fondazione Mare Nostrum and Marco N. Rotelli. See the catalogue of the 53rd Esposizione Internazionale d'Arte La Biennale di Venezia Fare Mondi Partecipazioni Nazionali Eventi collaterali, p. 254

References

Sources

*Caterina Davinio, ''Techno-Poesia e realtà virtuali'' (Techno-Poetry and Virtual Realities), essay (Italian-English). Preface by

. Collection: Achivio della poesia del '900. Mantova (I), Sometti Publisher, 2002. *AAVV, ''Atti del Convegno Scritture/Realtà'', Milano, Milanocosa, 2002. *Marco Nereo Rotelli, ''Bunker poetico, La poesia come opera'', 49ma Esposizione internazionale d'arte La Biennale di Venezia, Porretta Terme (BO), I Quaderni del Battello Ebbro, 2001. *49ma Esposizione internazionale d'arte ''Platea dell'umanità'', La Biennale di Venezia, catalogue, Electa 2001 *La Biennale di Venezia, 51ma esposizione internazionale d'arte, Partecipazioni nazionali - Eventi nell'ambito, catalogo Marsilio, *"Infos Brésil", 15 nov. - 15 déc. 2003 *Caterina Davinio, "Net-Performance: Processes and Visible Form", in "Doc(k)s", Ajaccio, France, 2004. ISSN Doc(k)s 0396/3004, commission paritaire 52 841 *Caterina Davinio, ''Paint from Nature'', net-art performance dedicated to the Twin Tower attack. In "Doc(k)s", paper and CD, Ajaccio, France, 2001. ISSN Doc(k)s 0396/3004, commission paritaire 52 841 *"Premio Oscar Signorini 2003", interview by Silvia Venuti, in: "D'Ars", anno 43, n. 175-176, Milan, Dec. 2003. *''Virtual Mercury House. Planetary & Interplanetary Events'', e-book, and book with DVD, parallel English translation, Rome, Polìmata, 2012, * Caterina Davinio, ''Rumors & Motors. Concetti di poesia - Concepts of Poetry'', digital poetry, illustrated, color, with critiques by: Jorge Luiz Antonio, Francesco Muzzioli,

, Italian-English text, and partially in Portuguese, Campanotto Publisher, Pasian di Prato (UD) 2016. * Caterina Davinio, ''Big Splash Network Poetico'', catalog of the poetry installation at the Royal Palace of Naples, Fermenti Publisher, Rome 2015

Web sources

Isola della Poesia - La Repubblica News
(it)

RCCS Techno-Poetry Review

Karenina.it
(It)

External links

Poetry

Poetry of the Day

Parallel Action-Bunker

Global Poetry

Jim Andrews

Ted Warnell

Agricola de Cologne
(media art, curatorial project, database)

Jason Nelson Digital Poetry and Net Art Oddities

Yes we are

Untitledocument
{{DEFAULTSORT:Net-Poetry Poetry movements Italian poetry Italian literary movements 20th-century Italian literature es:Ciberpoesía