Carnatic music Carnatic music, known as or in the Dravidian languages, South Indian languages, is a system of music commonly associated with South India, including the modern Indian states of Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Kerala and Tamil Nadu, an ...

, Neraval also known as Niraval or Sahitya Vinyasa is the elaboration and improvisation of melody for a particular line. Usually, just one or two lines of text from the song (from the

charanam Charanam (meaning ''foot'') in Carnatic music (South Indian classical music) is usually the end section of a composition which is sung after the anupallavi. There may be multiple ''charanams'' in a composition which make up different stanzas, b ...

part of the

kriti Kriti may refer to: Art and entertainment * Kriti (music), a format of musical composition typical to Carnatic music * ''Kriti'' (film), a 2016 Hindi-language short film * Kriti TV, Greek TV station People with the name * Kriti Bharti, Indi ...

) are sung repeatedly, but with improvised elaborations. This elaboration remains within the framework of the original patterns of duration ( talam), Randel (2003), p562 and each word in the lines of text stay set within their original place (''idam'') in the tala cycle. Viswanathan & Cormack (1998), p232 The lines are then also played at different levels of speed which can include double speed, triple speed, quadruple speed and even

sextuple In mathematics, a tuple is a finite ordered list (sequence) of elements. An -tuple is a sequence (or ordered list) of elements, where is a non-negative integer. There is only one 0-tuple, referred to as ''the empty tuple''. An -tuple is defi ...

speed. The neraval is one of the features in the extempore improvisation aspect (''Manodharma Sangita'') of Carnatic music, and is intended to highlight the

Raga A ''raga'' or ''raag'' (; also ''raaga'' or ''ragam''; ) is a melodic framework for improvisation in Indian classical music akin to a musical mode, melodic mode. The ''rāga'' is a unique and central feature of the classical Indian music tradit ...

bhava effectively. It is usually performed by the more advanced performers.

Examples

Examples of Krithis containing lines best suited for neraval: *'' Vathapi Ganapathim'' in

Hamsadhwani Hamsadhvani (meaning "the cry of the swan"), is a rāga in Carnatic music (musical scale of Carnatic tradition of Indian classical music). It is an ''audava'' rāgam (or ''owdava'' rāga, meaning pentatonic scale). It is a ''janya'' rāga of th ...

at "Pranava Swarupa Vakratundam" * ''Balagopala'' in

Bhairavi Bhairavi ( sa, भैरवी) is a Hindu goddess, described as one of the Mahāvidyas, the ten avatars of the mother goddess. She is the consort of Bhairava. Etymology The name ''Bhairavi'' means "terror" or "awe-inspiring". She is the ...

at "Neela neeradha shareera dheerathara", *''Entara Nithana'' in

Harikambhoji Harikambhoji (pronounced harikāmbhōji) is a rāgam in Carnatic music (musical scale of South Indian classical music). It is the 28th ''Melakarta'' rāgam (parent scale) in the 72 ''melakarta'' rāgam system. One of the first scales employed b ...

at "Sheshudu Shivuniki Bushudu Lakshmana", *''Nidhichaala Sukhama'' in

Kalyani (raga) Kalyani is a melakarta raga (parent musical scale) in the Carnatic music. It was called Kalyan but is now more popularly called Yaman (raga), Yaman in Hindustani Music. Its Western equivalent is the Lydian mode. Kalyani in Carnatic music In S ...

at "Mamathabandhanayutha Narasthuthi Sukhama?" or "Sumathi Thyagaraja Keerthana Sukhama?" *''O Rangasayee'' in

Kambhoji Kambhoji or Kambodhi is a popular Raga in Carnatic Music. It is classified as a derived raga from 28th Melakartha, Harikambhoji. Scale The scale of Kambhoji is Ascending: S R2 G3 M1 P D2 S Descending: S N2 D2 P M1 G3 R2 S (N3 P D2 S) ...

at "Bhuloka Vaikuntam ithiyani", *''Ennaganu Ramabhajana'' in

Kamavardhini Kamavardhani (pronounced kāmavardhini – కామవర్ధిని/ ಕಾಮವರ್ಧಿನಿ/ காமவர்தினி / कामवर्धिनि) is a ragam in Carnatic music (musical scale of South Indian classical mus ...

at "Rama Chiluka Nokata Penchi Prema Matalalada Nerpi", *''Pakkala Nilabadi'' in

Kharaharapriya Kharaharapriya is a rāga in Carnatic music. It is the 22nd ''melakarta'' rāga (parent scale) in the 72 ''melakarta'' rāga system. It is possible that the name of the ragam was originally ''Harapriya'' but it was changed to conform to the K ...

at " Tanuvurce vandana mona ninchuchu nara" or "Manasuna" *''Palinchu Kamakshi'' in

Madhyamavati Madhyamavati (madhyamāvati) is a rāga in Carnatic music (musical scale of South Indian classical music). It is an ''audava'' rāga (or ''owdava'' rāga, meaning pentatonic scale), as it does not have all the seven musical notes (''swaras'') ...

at "Kanthamagu Peru Pondhithivi Kaarunyamurthivai jagamu", *''Rama Rama Gunaseema'' in

Simhendramadhyamam Simhendramadhyamam is a ragam in Carnatic music (musical scale of South Indian classical music). It is the 57th ''melakarta'' rāgam in the 72 ''melakarta'' rāgam system of Carnatic music. It is called Sumadyuti in Muthuswami Dikshitar school ...

at "Munimaanasa dhama Mrughamatha Sulalama", *''Rama nee Samanamevaru'' in

at "Paluku palukulaku tene" *''Saroja Dhala Netri'' in Sankarabharanam at "Sama Gana Vinodhini gunadhama Shyamakrishnanuthe", *''Shambho Mahadeva'' in

at "Shambho Mahadeva Sharanagathajana rakshaka", *''Jagadoddharana'' in

Kapi Kapi, Kapı, or KAPI may refer to: Places * Kapi, Estonia, a village in Estonia * Kapı, Karataş, a village in Turkey * a possible old volcanic eruption site near Krakatoa People * Mari Kapi (1950–2009), Papua New Guinean judge * Mustafa Ka ...

at "Purandara Vithalana" *''

Narayana Ninna Namada Narayana Ninna Namada ( kn, ನಾರಾಯಣಾ ನಿನ್ನ್ ನಾಮದ) is a Kannada composition in Carnatic music by Purandara Dasa in the 16th century. It is set in the Shuddha Dhanyasi raga and the Khanda Chapu tala. It emphasizes ...

Shuddha Dhanyasi Udayaravichandrika is a rāgam in Carnatic music (musical scale of South Indian classical music). It is an ''audava'' rāgam (or ''owdava'' rāgam, meaning pentatonic scale ). It is a ''janya'' rāgam (derived scale), as it does not have all th ...

at "Ento Purandaravithalarayana" * ''Sri Venkateshwara'' in Thodi at "Maarajanakam Madhavanamakam",

Notes

References

* * Viswanathan, T. & Cormack, Jody (1998). In {{cite book, title=In the Course of Performance: Studies in the World of Musical Improvisation, last=Nettl, first=Bruno, authorlink=Bruno Nettl, author2=Russell, Melinda, publisher=

University of Chicago Press The University of Chicago Press is the largest and one of the oldest university presses in the United States. It is operated by the University of Chicago and publishes a wide variety of academic titles, including ''The Chicago Manual of Style'', ...

, location=

Chicago (''City in a Garden''); I Will , image_map = , map_caption = Interactive Map of Chicago , coordinates = , coordinates_footnotes = , subdivision_type = Country , subdivision_name ...

London London is the capital and largest city of England and the United Kingdom, with a population of just under 9 million. It stands on the River Thames in south-east England at the head of a estuary down to the North Sea, and has been a majo ...

, ref=NettlRussell1998, isbn=0-226-57411-3, date=15 December 1998, url-access=registration, url=https://archive.org/details/incourseofperfor0000unse

Examples

Notes

References

See also