Cicadas of the genus ''Neotibicen'' are large-bodied insects of the family Cicadidae that appear in summer or early fall in eastern

North America North America is a continent in the Northern Hemisphere and almost entirely within the Western Hemisphere. It is bordered to the north by the Arctic Ocean, to the east by the Atlantic Ocean, to the southeast by South America and the Car ...

. Common names include cicada, harvestfly, jar fly, and the misnomer locust. In 2015, these species were moved from the genus ''

Tibicen ''Tibicen'' is an historical genus name in the insect family Cicadidae (order Hemiptera) that was originally published by P. A. Latreille in 1825 and formally made available in a translation by A. A. Berthold in 1827. The name was placed on the Of ...

'' (now genus ''

Lyristes ''Lyristes'' is a genus of cicadas from Europe and the Middle East. It was described by G. Horvath in 1926. Many authors previously listed the species of ''Lyristes'' under genus ''Tibicen'' Berthold, 1827, which shares the same type species. Ho ...

'' Horvath, 1926), which was redefined in the twenty-first century to include only a few European species, while species from the Western United States and Mexico are now placed in a separate genus, ''

Hadoa The genus ''Hadoa'' comprises large-bodied Cicadidae occurring in Western North America. Until recently, these species were in the genus ''Tibicen'' (now genus ''Lyristes'' Horvath, 1926), which has now been redefined so as to include only a few ...

''. In addition, several former ''Neotibicen'' species have been moved to the genus ''

Megatibicen ''Megatibicen'' is a genus of cicadas in the family Cicadidae, with about 10 described species. Until 2016, these species were included in the genus ''Tibicen'' (now genus ''Lyristes'' Horvath, 1926) and then briefly in ''Neotibicen''. The spec ...

''. ''Neotibicen'' species are the most commonly encountered cicadas in the eastern United States. Unlike periodical cicadas, whose appearances aboveground occur at 13- or 17-year intervals, ''Neotibicen'' species can be seen every year, hence their nickname " annual cicadas". Despite their annual appearances, ''Neotibicen'' probably take multiple years to develop underground, because all cicada species for which life cycle lengths have been measured do so, except when growing as agricultural pests. Their annual reappearance is presumably due to overlapping generations. ''Neotibicen'' cicadas are long, with characteristic green, brown, and black markings on the top of the thorax, and tented, membranous wings extending past the abdomen. The fore wings are about twice the length of the hindwings. Adults feed using their beak to tap into the xylem of plants; nymphs feed from the xylem of roots.Elliott, Lang, and Wil Hershberger. 2007. ''The Songs of Insects''. Boston: Houghton Mifflin. p. 184.

Communication

Like other members of the subfamily Cicadinae, ''Neotibicen'' species have loud, complex songs, even (in many cases) with distinct song phrases. Males produce loud calls in the afternoon or evening (depending on the species) to attract females. These sounds, distinctive for each species,Elliott, Lang, and Wil Hershberger. 2007. ''The Songs of Insects''. Boston: Houghton Mifflin. p. 19. are produced by specialized tymbal organs on the abdomen as in most cicadas. These calls range from a loud buzz to a long rattling sound, sometimes with a pulsating quality.

Species and subspecies

These species and subspecies belong to the genus ''Neotibicen''. Several species formerly in this genus were recently moved to ''

''. * ''

Neotibicen auriferus ''Neotibicen auriferus'', commonly called Field cicada, is a species of annual cicada in the genus ''Neotibicen Cicadas of the genus ''Neotibicen'' are large-bodied insects of the family Cicadidae that appear in summer or early fall in easter ...

'' (Say, 1825) – Field cicada * '' Neotibicen bermudianus'' (Verrill, 1902) – Bermuda cicada, PRESUMED EXTINCT * '' Neotibicen canicularis'' (Harris, 1841) – Dog-day cicada or dog-day harvestfly * ''

Neotibicen davisi ''Neotibicen davisi'', known generally as the Davis' southeastern dog-day cicada or southern dog-day cicada, is a species of cicada in the family Cicadidae. Subspecies These two subspecies belong to the species ''Neotibicen davisi'': * ''Neotibi ...

'' ** ''

Neotibicen davisi davisi Cicadas of the genus ''Neotibicen'' are large-bodied insects of the family Cicadidae that appear in summer or early fall in eastern North America. Common names include cicada, harvestfly, jar fly, and the misnomer locust. In 2015, these species ...

'' (Smith and Grossbeck, 1907) – Davis's southeastern dog-day cicada ** ''

Neotibicen davisi harnedi Cicadas of the genus ''Neotibicen'' are large-bodied insects of the family Cicadidae that appear in summer or early fall in eastern North America. Common names include cicada, harvestfly, jar fly, and the misnomer locust. In 2015, these species ...

'' (Davis, 1918) * ''

Neotibicen latifasciatus ''Neotibicen latifasciatus'', commonly called Coastal scissor grinder cicada, is a species of annual cicada in the genus ''Neotibicen''. See also * ''Neotibicen pruinosus ''Neotibicen pruinosus'', commonly known as the scissor grinder, is a ...

'' (Davis, 1915) – Coastal scissor grinder cicada * '' Neotibicen linnei'' (Smith and Grossbeck, 1907) – Linne's cicada * ''

Neotibicen lyricen ''Neotibicen lyricen'', the lyric cicada, is a species of cicada in the family Cicadidae. Subspecies These three subspecies belong to the species ''Neotibicen lyricen'': * ''Neotibicen lyricen engelhardti'' (Davis & W.T., 1910) (dark lyric cic ...

'' ** ''

Neotibicen lyricen engelhardti Cicadas of the genus ''Neotibicen'' are large-bodied insects of the family Cicadidae that appear in summer or early fall in eastern North America. Common names include cicada, harvestfly, jar fly, and the misnomer locust. In 2015, these species ...

'' (Davis, 1910) ** ''

Neotibicen lyricen lyricen Cicadas of the genus ''Neotibicen'' are large-bodied insects of the family Cicadidae that appear in summer or early fall in eastern North America. Common names include cicada, harvestfly, jar fly, and the misnomer locust. In 2015, these species ...

'' (De Geer, 1773) – Lyric cicada ** ''

Neotibicen lyricen virescens Cicadas of the genus ''Neotibicen'' are large-bodied insects of the family Cicadidae that appear in summer or early fall in eastern North America. Common names include cicada, harvestfly, jar fly, and the misnomer locust. In 2015, these species ...

'' (Davis, 1935) * ''

Neotibicen pruinosus ''Neotibicen pruinosus'', commonly known as the scissor grinder, is a species of cicada in the family Cicadidae. Distribution and Habitat The scissor grinder occurs in most of the eastern United States. It is common in wooded areas, often with ...

'' ** ''

Neotibicen pruinosus fulvus Cicadas of the genus ''Neotibicen'' are large-bodied insects of the family Cicadidae that appear in summer or early fall in eastern North America. Common names include cicada, harvestfly, jar fly, and the misnomer locust. In 2015, these species ...

'' (Beamer, 1924) ** ''

Neotibicen pruinosus pruinosus Cicadas of the genus ''Neotibicen'' are large-bodied insects of the family Cicadidae that appear in summer or early fall in eastern North America. Common names include cicada, harvestfly, jar fly, and the misnomer locust. In 2015, these specie ...

'' (Say, 1825) – Scissor grinder cicada * ''

Neotibicen robinsonianus ''Neotibicen robinsonianus'', commonly called Robinson's cicada, is a species of large-bodied annual cicada in the genus ''Neotibicen Cicadas of the genus ''Neotibicen'' are large-bodied insects of the family Cicadidae that appear in summer ...

'' (Davis, 1922) – Robinson's cicada * ''

Neotibicen similaris ''Neotibicen similaris'' is a species of annual cicada in the genus ''Neotibicen''. It is native to the Southeastern United States. Initially, ''N. similaris'' encompassed one distinct species of ''Neotibicen'', though Marshall and Hill described ...

'' ** '' Neotibicen similaris apalachicola'' Marshall and Hill, 2017 ** ''

Neotibicen similaris similaris Cicadas of the genus ''Neotibicen'' are large-bodied insects of the family Cicadidae that appear in summer or early fall in eastern North America. Common names include cicada, harvestfly, jar fly, and the misnomer locust. In 2015, these specie ...

'' (Smith and Grossbeck, 1907) – Similar dog-day cicada * ''

Neotibicen superbus ''Neotibicen superbus'', the superb dog-day cicada, is a species of cicada in the family Cicadidae. It is the greenest cicada in the neotibicen genus. It has reduced black patterning and looks different than most other cicadas in its genus. Its ...

'' (Fitch, 1855) – Superb southwestern cicada * '' Neotibicen tibicen'' ** '' Neotibicen tibicen australis'' (Davis, 1912) ** ''

Neotibicen tibicen tibicen Cicadas of the genus ''Neotibicen'' are large-bodied insects of the family Cicadidae that appear in summer or early fall in eastern North America. Common names include cicada, harvestfly, jar fly, and the misnomer locust. In 2015, these spec ...

'' (= ''Tibicen chloromerus'') (Linnaeus, 1758) – Swamp cicada * ''

Neotibicen winnemanna ''Neotibicen winnemanna'', commonly called the Eastern scissor(s) grinder, is a species of large bodied annual cicada in the genus ''Neotibicen''. It is native to the Eastern United States, particularly the Piedmont Plateau and the outlying lower ...

'' (Davis, 1912) – Eastern scissor grinder cicada

Predators

Many animals feed on cicadas, which usually occurs during the final days when they become easy prey near the ground. One of the more notable predators is the

cicada killer Cicada killer wasps (genus ''Sphecius'') are large, solitary, ground-dwelling, predatory wasps. They are so named because they hunt cicadas and provision their nests with them, after stinging and paralyzing them. Twenty-one species worldwide ar ...

. This is a large wasp that catches the

dog-day cicada ''Neotibicen canicularis'' (commonly called the dog-day cicada, dog-day harvestfly, or heatbug) is a species of annual cicada. Description ''Neotibicen canicularis'' is recognizable by being mostly black with green markings on its body. The ...

. After catching and stinging the insect to paralyze it, the cicada killer carries it back to its hole and drags it underground to a chamber where it lays its eggs in the paralyzed cicada. When the eggs hatch, the wasp larvae feed on the paralyzed, but still living, cicada.

Gallery

Image:Tibicen_chloromera_2005.jpg, Emerging ''N. tibicen'', New Jersey, USA Image:Malformed_Tibicen_chloromera.jpg, Malformed ''N. tibicen'', New Jersey, USA Image:Cicada_molting_animated-2.gif, Photo series of ''Neotibicen'' sp. moulting, Ohio, USA. File:Tibicen husks on fence 01.jpg, Husks left after moulting File:Mating Tibicen canicularis.jpg, Mating ''N. canicularis'' File:Cicada shell 1.jpg, Shell after molting, the head was up File:Cicada shell - close up of head.jpg, Close-up of the head area

References

External links

Massachusetts CicadasInsectSingers.com.
- acoustic signaling insects {{Taxonbar, from=Q24238626 Cryptotympanini Cicadidae genera