Neomphaloidea is a
superfamily
SUPERFAMILY is a database and search platform of structural and functional annotation for all proteins and genomes. It classifies amino acid sequences into known structural domains, especially into SCOP superfamilies. Domains are functional, str ...
of deep-
sea snail
Sea snail is a common name for slow-moving marine gastropod molluscs, usually with visible external shells, such as whelk or abalone. They share the taxonomic class Gastropoda with slugs, which are distinguished from snails primarily by the ...
s or
limpet
Limpets are a group of aquatic snails that exhibit a conical shell shape (patelliform) and a strong, muscular foot. Limpets are members of the class Gastropoda, but are polyphyletic, meaning the various groups called "limpets" descended indep ...
s,
marine
Marine is an adjective meaning of or pertaining to the sea or ocean.
Marine or marines may refer to:
Ocean
* Maritime (disambiguation)
* Marine art
* Marine biology
* Marine debris
* Marine habitats
* Marine life
* Marine pollution
Military
* ...
gastropod
The gastropods (), commonly known as snails and slugs, belong to a large taxonomic class of invertebrates within the phylum Mollusca called Gastropoda ().
This class comprises snails and slugs from saltwater, from freshwater, and from land. T ...
mollusk
Mollusca is the second-largest phylum of invertebrate animals after the Arthropoda, the members of which are known as molluscs or mollusks (). Around 85,000 extant species of molluscs are recognized. The number of fossil species is e ...
s. Neomphaloidea is the only superfamily in the order Neomphalida.
The order Neomphalida has the largest ''
in situ'' radiation in
hydrothermal vent
A hydrothermal vent is a fissure on the seabed from which geothermally heated water discharges. They are commonly found near volcanically active places, areas where tectonic plates are moving apart at mid-ocean ridges, ocean basins, and hotspot ...
habitats. Neomphalida is a major
taxonomic
Taxonomy is the practice and science of categorization or classification.
A taxonomy (or taxonomical classification) is a scheme of classification, especially a hierarchical classification, in which things are organized into groups or types. ...
grouping of
sea snails
Sea snail is a common name for slow-moving marine gastropod molluscs, usually with visible external shells, such as whelk or abalone. They share the taxonomic class Gastropoda with slugs, which are distinguished from snails primarily by the ...
, vent-endemic
marine
Marine is an adjective meaning of or pertaining to the sea or ocean.
Marine or marines may refer to:
Ocean
* Maritime (disambiguation)
* Marine art
* Marine biology
* Marine debris
* Marine habitats
* Marine life
* Marine pollution
Military
* ...
gastropod
The gastropods (), commonly known as snails and slugs, belong to a large taxonomic class of invertebrates within the phylum Mollusca called Gastropoda ().
This class comprises snails and slugs from saltwater, from freshwater, and from land. T ...
mollusk
Mollusca is the second-largest phylum of invertebrate animals after the Arthropoda, the members of which are known as molluscs or mollusks (). Around 85,000 extant species of molluscs are recognized. The number of fossil species is e ...
s that form a very ancient lineage, going back to the
Palaeozoic
The Paleozoic (or Palaeozoic) Era is the earliest of three geologic eras of the Phanerozoic Eon.
The name ''Paleozoic'' ( ;) was coined by the British geologist Adam Sedgwick in 1838
by combining the Greek words ''palaiós'' (, "old") and '' ...
era.
2005 taxonomy
The superfamily Neomphaloidea was regarded for a long time as belonging within the clade
Vetigastropoda. Superfamily Neomphaloidea was also classified in the clade
Vetigastropoda according to the
taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005.
2010 taxonomy
Molecular phylogeny showed however that it belongs in its own order , the Neomphalida, and that this clade is
basal to the Vetigastropoda. The Neomphalina is, based on optimal phylogenetic analysis, a monophyletic clade, with uncertain relations among the gastropods.
Description
The anatomical characters of the Neomphaloidea largely follow the patterns as in the Vetigastropoda. However, unusual morphological and phylogentic characters suggest a different systematic position and place it in its own order, the Neomphalida. The formal placement of Neomphalida within the Gastropoda however remains ambiguous.
[Stephanie W. Aktipis & Gonzalo Giribet (2010). "A phylogeny of Vetigastropoda and other “archaeogastropods”: re-organizing old gastropod clades". ''Invertebrate Biology'' 129(3): 220-240](_blank)
.
Families
Families within the Neomphaloidea include:
*
Melanodrymiidae Salvini-Plawen & Steiner, 1995
*
Neomphalidae McLean, 1981
*
Peltospiridae McLean, 1989
A few genera within Neomphaloidea have been unassigned to a family:
* ''
Helicrenion'' Warén & Bouchet, 1993
* ''
Retiskenea
''Retiskenea'' is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the Superfamily (zoology), superfamily Neomphaloidea.Bouchet, P. (2010). Retiskenea Warén & Bouchet, 2001. In: Bouchet, P.; Gofas, S.; Rosenberg, G. (2010) World Marine Mollu ...
'' Warén & Bouchet, 2001
[Bouchet, P. (2010). ''Retiskenea'' Warén & Bouchet, 2001. In: MolluscaBase (2017). Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=449910 on 2017-05-26]
Overview of species
Species within the Neomphaloidea include:
# ''
Leptogyra alaskana'' Bartsch, 1910
# ''
Leptogyra constricta'' B. A. Marshall, 1988
# ''
Leptogyra costellata'' Warén & Bouchet, 2009
# ''
Leptogyra eritmeta'' Bush, 1897
# ''
Leptogyra inconspicua'' Bush, 1897
# ''
Leptogyra inflata'' Warén & Bouchet, 1993
# ''
Leptogyra patula'' B. A. Marshall, 1988
# ''
Leptogyra verrilli'' Bush, 1897
# ''
Leptogyropsis inflata'' Hasegawa, 1997
# ''
Leptogyropsis kalinovoae'' B. A. Marshall, 1988
# ''
Leptogyropsis kaltanae'' B. A. Marshall, 1988
# ''
Melanodrymia aurantiaca'' Hickman, 1984
# ''
Melanodrymia brightae'' Warén & Bouchet, 1993
# ''
Melanodrymia galeronae'' Warén & Bouchet, 2001
# ''
Xyleptogyra kapalae'' B. A. Marshall, 1988
# ''
Cyathermia naticoides'' Warén & Bouchet, 1989
# ''
Lacunoides exquisitus'' Warén & Bouchet, 1989
# ''
Lacunoides vitreus'' Warén & Bouchet, 2001
# ''
Lamellomphalus manusensis'' S.-Q. Zhang & S.-P. Zhang, 2017
# ''
Neomphalus fretterae
''Neomphalus fretterae'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family
Family (from la, familia) is a Social group, group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or Affinity (law), affinity (b ...
'' McLean, 1981
# ''
Planorbidella depressa'' Warén & Bouchet, 1993
# ''
Planorbidella planispira
''Planorbidella planispira'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Neomphalidae
Neomphalidae is a family of sea snails or limpets, specifically deep sea hydrothermal vent limpets. This family was included in the ...
'' (Warén & Bouchet, 1989)
# ''
Solutigyra reticulata'' Warén & Bouchet, 1989
# ''
Symmetromphalus hageni'' L. Beck, 1992
# ''
Symmetromphalus regularis'' McLean, 1990
# ''
Chrysomallon squamiferum'' Chen, Linse, Copley & Rogers, 2015
# ''
Ctenopelta porifera'' Warén & Bouchet, 1993
# ''
Depressigyra globulus
''Depressigyra globulus'' is a species of sea snail and a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Peltospiridae
Peltospiridae is a small family of gastropods that used to belong to the clade Vetigastropoda (according to the taxonomy of the G ...
'' Warén & Bouchet, 1989
# ''
Echinopelta fistulosa
''Echinopelta fistulosa'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Peltospiridae
Peltospiridae is a small family of gastropods that used to belong to the clade Vetigastropoda (according to the taxonomy of the Gast ...
'' McLean, 1989
# ''
Gigantopelta aegis
''Gigantopelta aegis'' is a species of deep sea snail from hydrothermal vents, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Peltospiridae.
Taxonomy
It was described as a new species within new genus ''Gigantopelta'' in 2015 and it was classified ...
'' Chen, Linse, Roterman, Copley & Rogers, 2015
# ''
Gigantopelta chessoia
''Gigantopelta chessoia'' is a species of deep sea snail from hydrothermal vents, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Peltospiridae.
Taxonomy
The first information about this species, under the name "Peltospiroidea n. sp." or "peltospiroi ...
'' Chen, Linse, Roterman, Copley & Rogers, 2015
# ''
Hirtopelta hirta'' McLean, 1989
# ''
Hirtopelta tufari'' L. Beck, 2002
# ''
Lirapex costellatus'' Warén & Bouchet, 2001
# ''
Lirapex granularis'' Warén & Bouchet, 1989
# ''
Lirapex humatus'' Warén & Bouchet, 1989
# ''
Nodopelta heminoda'' McLean, 1989
# ''
Nodopelta rigneae'' Warén & Bouchet, 2001
# ''
Nodopelta subnoda
''Nodopelta subnoda'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Peltospiridae.
Description
Distribution
This marine species was found on the East Pacific Rise
The East Pacific Rise is a mid-ocean rise (termed an ...
'' McLean, 1989
# ''
Pachydermia laevis'' Warén & Bouchet, 1989
# ''
Pachydermia sculpta'' Warén & Bouchet, 1993
# ''
Peltospira delicata'' McLean, 1989
# ''
Peltospira lamellifera'' Warén & Bouchet, 1989
# ''
Peltospira operculata
''Peltospira operculata'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Peltospiridae
Peltospiridae is a small family of gastropods that used to belong to the clade Vetigastropoda (according to the taxonomy of the Gast ...
'' McLean, 1989
# ''
Peltospira smaragdina
''Peltospira smaragdina'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Peltospiridae.
Distribution
This species occurs on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge.
Description
The maximum recorded shell
Shell may refer to:
Architect ...
'' Warén & Bouchet, 2001
# ''
Rhynchopelta concentrica'' McLean, 1989
# ''
Helicrenion reticulatum'' Warén & Bouchet, 1993
# ''
Retiskenea diploura
''Retiskenea diploura'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the superfamily Neomphaloidea
Neomphaloidea is a Taxonomic rank, superfamily of deep-sea snails or limpets, marine (ocean), marine gastropod mollusc, mollusks. ...
'' Warén & Bouchet, 2001
See also
The other superfamily of hydrothermal vent limpets is the
Lepetodriloidea.
References
External links
Steffen Kiel (2010), ''The Vent and Seep Biota: Aspects from Microbes to Ecosystems'', NatureThomas Kunze, Martin Hess, Martin Brückner, Friederike Beck & Gerhard Haszprunar, ''Skeneimorph gastropods in Neomphalina and Vetigastropoda — A preliminary report'', Zoosymposia 1: 119–131 (2008); ISSN 1178-9913
{{Taxonbar, from=Q874910
Gastropod superfamilies
Neomphalina
Marine gastropods