The Nemean baths are an athletic bathing house at the Panhellenic sanctuary of

Nemea Nemea (; grc, Νεμέα; grc-x-ionic, Νεμέη) is an ancient site in the northeastern part of the Peloponnese, in Greece. Formerly part of the territory of Cleonae in ancient Argolis, it is today situated in the regional unit of Corinthia ...

in the

Argolis Argolis or Argolida ( el, Αργολίδα , ; , in ancient Greek and Katharevousa) is one of the regional units of Greece. It is part of the region of Peloponnese, situated in the eastern part of the Peloponnese peninsula and part of the tri ...

. The baths are located on the south most part of the Hellenistic complex. They are directly west of the similarly dated Xenon, which served as athlete's lodging.

Dating of the site

Though the sanctuary has existed since the Archaic period, the baths are thought to have been built in the 4th century BC. This first approximation date was first proposed during the 1926 excavations given the position of the site. Subsequent finds seem to suggest that the construction of the baths were part of a larger 4th century monumentalization program at the site. An adjacent 4th century aqueduct that does not appear to feed the baths further supports a post 4th century date. Furthermore, a small Classical trench may be thought to suggest an earlier bath which once occupied the same site. Period pottery in the foundation also seems to correlate to the 4th century.

Physical description

The bath itself is divided between a west wing with a series of basins and an east wing with an open bath, both of which are elevated and accessible beneath a flight of stairs. Under these stairs a terracotta pipe served to let drainage off to a small compartment and then to the river. The source of the water is a matter of contention and archaeological evidence has yet to produce a definitive answer. It is speculated to have come from a yet unknown aqueduct. Channels and reservoirs to leading the bath do survive and suggest a more complicated system than direct delivery. One postulation is that this was to allow the water to heat in the sun before being used in the baths, or else just control temperature.

Function

Along with the Xenon, the bath served as amenities to athletes during the

Nemean Games The Nemean Games ( grc-gre, Νέμεα or Νέμεια) were one of the four Panhellenic Games of Ancient Greece, and were held at Nemea every two years (or every third). With the Isthmian Games, the Nemean Games were held both the year before ...

. The individual basin found in the west wing are typical general 4th century Greek baths, and are similar to those found at sites in Eretria and Corinth. They most likely functioned as personal bathing facilities to the athletes during the games. The east wing's circular immersion bath or 'plunge bath' is remarkable as it is one of only four in Greece. Rather than a basin for the individual they seem to have some purpose in communal bathing. Curiously all four extant immersion baths have been found at Panhellenic athletic sites. Their function is not entirely clear, yet it does seem that they had some ritual or perhaps practical use unique to the

Panhellenic Games Panhellenic Games is the collective term for four separate sports festivals held in ancient Greece. The four Games were: Description The Olympiad was one of the ways the Greeks measured time. The Olympic Games were used as a starting point, year ...

or else they would be more common to athletic sites.

Disuse and later history

The bath seems to be used by the 1st century AD as evidenced by a layer of silt in the bath. This abandonment predates the end of the Nemean Games in 275 AD, perhaps suggesting the general decline of the site. Through the end of the pagan context of the site it served as a trash heap. Early Christians turned the temple of Zeus into a

Basilica In Ancient Roman architecture, a basilica is a large public building with multiple functions, typically built alongside the town's forum. The basilica was in the Latin West equivalent to a stoa in the Greek East. The building gave its name ...

in the 5th century AD and used the open chamber of the bath house as a repository for the dead; three burials have been found thus far.

References

Bibliography

* {{coord missing, Greece Buildings and structures completed in the 4th century BC Ancient Greek sanctuaries in Greece Ancient Greek buildings and structures Nemea Former public baths