The Nemastomatidae are a family of

harvestmen The Opiliones (formerly Phalangida) are an order of arachnids colloquially known as harvestmen, harvesters, harvest spiders, or daddy longlegs. , over 6,650 species of harvestmen have been discovered worldwide, although the total number of ext ...

with about 170 described species in 16 recent genera. Several fossil species and genera are known. Unlike some related currently recognized families, the Nemastomatidae are

monophyletic In cladistics for a group of organisms, monophyly is the condition of being a clade—that is, a group of taxa composed only of a common ancestor (or more precisely an ancestral population) and all of its lineal descendants. Monophyletic gro ...

. (2007): Nemastomatidae. Simon, 1872. In: Pinto-da-Rocha et al. 2007: 148ff

Description

Members of the Nemastomatidae range in body length from about one to almost six millimeters. Their

chelicera The chelicerae () are the mouthparts of the subphylum Chelicerata, an arthropod group that includes arachnids, horseshoe crabs, and sea spiders. Commonly referred to as "jaws", chelicerae may be shaped as either articulated fangs, or similarly ...

e are of normal proportions, but the

pedipalp Pedipalps (commonly shortened to palps or palpi) are the second pair of appendages of chelicerates – a group of arthropods including spiders, scorpions, horseshoe crabs, and sea spiders. The pedipalps are lateral to the chelicerae ("jaws") an ...

s are very elongated and thin in some groups. Leg length is likewise variable.

Distribution

The subfamily Ortholasmatinae (ten species in two genera) occur on both sides of the

Pacific Ocean The Pacific Ocean is the largest and deepest of Earth's five oceanic divisions. It extends from the Arctic Ocean in the north to the Southern Ocean (or, depending on definition, to Antarctica) in the south, and is bounded by the continen ...

: in western North America from

Mexico Mexico (Spanish: México), officially the United Mexican States, is a country in the southern portion of North America. It is bordered to the north by the United States; to the south and west by the Pacific Ocean; to the southeast by Guatema ...

British Columbia British Columbia (commonly abbreviated as BC) is the westernmost province of Canada, situated between the Pacific Ocean and the Rocky Mountains. It has a diverse geography, with rugged landscapes that include rocky coastlines, sandy beaches, ...

and eastern Asia (

Japan Japan ( ja, 日本, or , and formally , ''Nihonkoku'') is an island country in East Asia. It is situated in the northwest Pacific Ocean, and is bordered on the west by the Sea of Japan, while extending from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north ...

and northern

Thailand Thailand ( ), historically known as Siam () and officially the Kingdom of Thailand, is a country in Southeast Asia, located at the centre of the Indochinese Peninsula, spanning , with a population of almost 70 million. The country is bo ...

. The other subfamily, Nemastomatinae, occur all over Europe up to

Iceland Iceland ( is, Ísland; ) is a Nordic island country in the North Atlantic Ocean and in the Arctic Ocean. Iceland is the most sparsely populated country in Europe. Iceland's capital and largest city is Reykjavík, which (along with its s ...

and the

Caucasus The Caucasus () or Caucasia (), is a region between the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea, mainly comprising Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, and parts of Southern Russia. The Caucasus Mountains, including the Greater Caucasus range, have historically ...

, in the Atlas Mountains of

North Africa North Africa, or Northern Africa is a region encompassing the northern portion of the African continent. There is no singularly accepted scope for the region, and it is sometimes defined as stretching from the Atlantic shores of Mauritania in ...

, from

Anatolia Anatolia, tr, Anadolu Yarımadası), and the Anatolian plateau, also known as Asia Minor, is a large peninsula in Western Asia and the westernmost protrusion of the Asian continent. It constitutes the major part of modern-day Turkey. The re ...

to northern

Iran Iran, officially the Islamic Republic of Iran, and also called Persia, is a country located in Western Asia. It is bordered by Iraq and Turkey to the west, by Azerbaijan and Armenia to the northwest, by the Caspian Sea and Turkmeni ...

, with a few species found outside this region, in

Central Asia Central Asia, also known as Middle Asia, is a subregion, region of Asia that stretches from the Caspian Sea in the west to western China and Mongolia in the east, and from Afghanistan and Iran in the south to Russia in the north. It includes t ...

and the

Himalayas The Himalayas, or Himalaya (; ; ), is a mountain range in Asia, separating the plains of the Indian subcontinent from the Tibetan Plateau. The range has some of the planet's highest peaks, including the very highest, Mount Everest. Over 100 ...

. Most species are restricted to very small mountainous southern regions.

Relationships

The Nemastomatidae are probably a sister group to the genera '' Dicranolasma'' ( Dicranolasmatidae) and '' Trogulus'' (

Trogulidae Trogulidae is a family of harvestmen with 5 genera and 57 extant species and one fossil species. Members of this species have short legs and live in soil. They have dirt attached to their bodies, to escape predators. Their body length ranges fro ...

Name

The genus name ''Nemastoma'' is a combination of

Ancient Greek Ancient Greek includes the forms of the Greek language used in ancient Greece and the ancient world from around 1500 BC to 300 BC. It is often roughly divided into the following periods: Mycenaean Greek (), Dark Ages (), the Archaic peri ...

''nema'' "thread" and ''stoma'' "mouth", referring to the elongated pedipalps.

Species

Subfamily Nemastomatinae

* '' Buresiolla'' Kratochvíl & Miller, 1958 :* '' Buresiolla bureschi'' ( Roewer, 1926) :* '' Buresiolla abchasica'' Ljovuschkin & Starobogatov, 1963 —

Abkhazia Abkhazia, ka, აფხაზეთი, tr, , xmf, აბჟუა, abzhua, or ( or ), officially the Republic of Abkhazia, is a partially recognised state in the South Caucasus, recognised by most countries as part of Georgia, which vi ...

:* '' Buresiolla caecum'' (Nowikoff, 1931) —

Crimea Crimea, crh, Къырым, Qırım, grc, Κιμμερία / Ταυρική, translit=Kimmería / Taurikḗ ( ) is a peninsula in Ukraine, on the northern coast of the Black Sea, that has been occupied by Russia since 2014. It has a pop ...

* '' Nemaspela'' Silhavý, 1966 :* '' Nemaspela sokolovi'' (Ljovuschkin & Starobogatov, 1963) :* '' Nemaspela birsteini'' Levushkii, 1972 :* '' Nemaspela taurica'' (Lebedinskiy, 1914) — Crimea * '' Giljarovia'' Kratochvíl & Miller, 1958 :* '' Giljarovia rossica'' Kratochvíl & Miller, 1958 :* '' Giljarovia stridula'' (Kratochvíl & Miller, 1958) :* '' Giljarovia turcica'' Gruber, 1976 * '' Nemastoma'' C. L. Koch, in Hahn & C. L. Koch 1836 :* subgenus ''Nemastoma'' ::* '' Nemastoma aeginum'' Roewer, 1951 ::* '' Nemastoma amulleri'' Roewer, 1951 ::* '' Nemastoma anatolicum'' Roewer, 1962 ::* '' Nemastoma armeniacum'' Roewer, 1951 ::* '' Nemastoma atticum'' Roewer, 1927 ::* '' Nemastoma bacilliferum'' Simon, 1879 —

Spain , image_flag = Bandera de España.svg , image_coat = Escudo de España (mazonado).svg , national_motto = ''Plus ultra'' (Latin)(English: "Further Beyond") , national_anthem = (English: "Royal March") , i ...

:::* ''Nemastoma bacilliferum bacilliferum'' Simon, 1879 —

Pyrenees The Pyrenees (; es, Pirineos ; french: Pyrénées ; ca, Pirineu ; eu, Pirinioak ; oc, Pirenèus ; an, Pirineus) is a mountain range straddling the border of France and Spain. It extends nearly from its union with the Cantabrian Mountains to C ...

:::* ''Nemastoma bacilliferum simoni'' Roewer, 1914 :::* ''Nemastoma bacilliferum simplex'' Simon, 1913 :::* ''Nemastoma bacilliferum dipentatum'' Rambla, 1959 ::* '' Nemastoma bidentatum'' Roewer, 1914 — central Europe :::* ''Nemastoma bidentatum bidentatum'' Roewer, 1914 :::* ''Nemastoma bidentatum sparsum'' Gruber & Martens, 1968 :::* ''Nemastoma bidentatum relictum'' Gruber & Martens, 1968 ::* '' Nemastoma bimaculosum'' Roewer, 1951 ::* '' Nemastoma brevipalpatum'' Roewer, 1951 ::* '' Nemastoma caecum'' Grese, 1911 — Crimea ::* '' Nemastoma cancellatum'' Roewer, 1917 — Bosnia ::* '' Nemastoma caporiaccoi'' Roewer, 1951 ::* '' Nemastoma carbonarium'' Simon, 1907 — Spain ::* '' Nemastoma carpathicum'' Roewer, 1951 ::* † '' Nemastoma clavigerum'' Menge, 1854 — fossil ::* '' Nemastoma corcyraeum'' Roewer, 1917 — Korfu ::* '' Nemastoma cypricum'' Roewer, 1951 ::* † '' Nemastoma denticulatum'' Koch & Berendt, 1854 — Baltic amber fossil:

Oligocene The Oligocene ( ) is a geologic epoch of the Paleogene Period and extends from about 33.9 million to 23 million years before the present ( to ). As with other older geologic periods, the rock beds that define the epoch are well identified but the ...

::* '' Nemastoma dentigerum'' Canestrini, 1873 —

Italy Italy ( it, Italia ), officially the Italian Republic, ) or the Republic of Italy, is a country in Southern Europe. It is located in the middle of the Mediterranean Sea, and its territory largely coincides with the homonymous geographical re ...

::* '' Nemastoma dubium'' Mello-Leitão, 1936 — Spain ::* '' Nemastoma emigratum'' Roewer, 1959 ::* '' Nemastoma ferkeri'' Roewer, 1951 ::* '' Nemastoma filipes'' Roewer, 1917 —

Transcaucasus The South Caucasus, also known as Transcaucasia or the Transcaucasus, is a geographical region on the border of Eastern Europe and Western Asia, straddling the southern Caucasus Mountains. The South Caucasus roughly corresponds to modern Arme ...

::* '' Nemastoma formosum'' Roewer, 1951 ::* '' Nemastoma franzi'' Kraus, 1959 ::* '' Nemastoma funebre'' Redikorzev, 1936 —

Russia Russia (, , ), or the Russian Federation, is a List of transcontinental countries, transcontinental country spanning Eastern Europe and North Asia, Northern Asia. It is the List of countries and dependencies by area, largest country in the ...

::* '' Nemastoma gallwitzi'' Roewer, 1923 —

Serbia Serbia (, ; Serbian language, Serbian: , , ), officially the Republic of Serbia (Serbian language, Serbian: , , ), is a landlocked country in Southeast Europe, Southeastern and Central Europe, situated at the crossroads of the Pannonian Bas ...

::* '' Nemastoma gigas''

Sørensen Sørensen () is a Danish-Norwegian patronymic surname meaning "son of Søren" (given name equivalent of Severin). , it is the eighth most common surname in Denmark. Immigrants to English-speaking countries often changed the spelling to ''Sorense ...

, in Lendl 1894 —

Hungary Hungary ( hu, Magyarország ) is a landlocked country in Central Europe. Spanning of the Carpathian Basin, it is bordered by Slovakia to the north, Ukraine to the northeast, Romania to the east and southeast, Serbia to the south, Croatia a ...

::* '' Nemastoma globuliferum''

L. Koch Ludwig Carl Christian Koch (8 November 1825 – 1 November 1908) was a German entomologist and arachnologist. He was born in Regensburg, Germany, and died in Nuremberg, Germany. He studied in Nuremberg, initially law, but then turned to medicin ...

, 1867 ::* '' Nemastoma gostivarense'' Hadzi, 1973 ::* '' Nemastoma gracile'' Redikorzev, 1936 — Russia ::* '' Nemastoma hankiewiczii'' Kulczynski, 1909 —

Portugal Portugal, officially the Portuguese Republic ( pt, República Portuguesa, links=yes ), is a country whose mainland is located on the Iberian Peninsula of Southwestern Europe, and whose territory also includes the Atlantic archipelagos of ...

::* '' Nemastoma hermanni'' Kraus, 1959 ::* '' Nemastoma ikarium'' Roewer, 1951 ::* '' Nemastoma insulare'' Roewer, 1951 ::* '' Nemastoma ios'' Roewer, 1917 — Sporaden ::* '' Nemastoma kastneri'' Roewer, 1951 ::* '' Nemastoma lessinensis'' Caporiacco, 1940 — Italy ::* '' Nemastoma leiobunum'' Wankel, 1851 ::* '' Nemastoma lilliputanum'' ( H. Lucas, 1847) —

Algeria ) , image_map = Algeria (centered orthographic projection).svg , map_caption = , image_map2 = , capital = Algiers , coordinates = , largest_city = capital , relig ...

::* '' Nemastoma lindbergi'' Roewer, 1959 ::* '' Nemastoma longipalpatum'' Roewer, 1951 ::* '' Nemastoma longipes'' Schenkel, 1947 —

Albania Albania ( ; sq, Shqipëri or ), or , also or . officially the Republic of Albania ( sq, Republika e Shqipërisë), is a country in Southeastern Europe. It is located on the Adriatic and Ionian Seas within the Mediterranean Sea and shares ...

::* '' Nemastoma maarebense'' Simon, 1913 — Algeria ::* '' Nemastoma machadoi'' Roewer, 1951 ::* '' Nemastoma mackenseni'' Roewer, 1923 — Serbia ::* '' Nemastoma macedonicum'' Hadzi, 1973 ::* '' Nemastoma manicatum'' Simon, 1913 — Spain ::* '' Nemastoma moesiacum'' Roewer, 1917 — Serbia and Bosnia ::* '' Nemastoma monchiquense'' Kraus, 1961 ::* '' Nemastoma montenegrinum'' Nosek, 1904 —

Montenegro ) , image_map = Europe-Montenegro.svg , map_caption = , image_map2 = , capital = Podgorica , coordinates = , largest_city = capital , official_languages = M ...

::* '' Nemastoma navarrense'' Roewer, 1951 ::* '' Nemastoma nervosum'' Roewer, 1923 — Serbia ::* '' Nemastoma perfugium'' Roewer, 1951 ::* '' Nemastoma polonicum'' Roewer, 1951 ::* '' Nemastoma pyrenaeum'' Simon, 1879 — Pyrenees ::* '' Nemastoma reimoseri'' Roewer, 1951 ::* '' Nemastoma rhinoceros'' Roewer, 1917 — Spain ::* '' Nemastoma riparium'' Roewer, 1951 ::* '' Nemastoma romanium'' Roewer, 1951 ::* '' Nemastoma rude'' Simon, 1881 —

Alps The Alps () ; german: Alpen ; it, Alpi ; rm, Alps ; sl, Alpe . are the highest and most extensive mountain range system that lies entirely in Europe, stretching approximately across seven Alpine countries (from west to east): France, Sw ...

::* '' Nemastoma santorinum'' Roewer, 1951 ::* '' Nemastoma scabriculum'' Simon, 1879 — Pyrenees ::* '' Nemastoma schenkeli'' Roewer, 1951 ::* '' Nemastoma schuelleri'' Gruber & Martens, 1968 ::* '' Nemastoma senussium'' Roewer, 1951 ::* '' Nemastoma sexmucronatum'' Simon, 1911 — Spain ::* '' Nemastoma simplex'' Giltay, 1933 —

Balkans The Balkans ( ), also known as the Balkan Peninsula, is a geographical area in southeastern Europe with various geographical and historical definitions. The region takes its name from the Balkan Mountains that stretch throughout the who ...

::* '' Nemastoma spinosissima'' Kraus, 1961 ::* '' Nemastoma spinulosum'' L. Koch, 1869 —

Greece Greece,, or , romanized: ', officially the Hellenic Republic, is a country in Southeast Europe. It is situated on the southern tip of the Balkans, and is located at the crossroads of Europe, Asia, and Africa. Greece shares land borders with ...

::* '' Nemastoma strasseri'' Roewer, 1951 ::* '' Nemastoma stussineri'' Simon, 1885 — Greece ::* † '' Nemastoma succineum'' Roewer, 1939 — fossil: Baltic amber ::* '' Nemastoma tenebricosum'' Redikorzev, 1936 — Russia ::* '' Nemastoma tenue'' Hadzi, 1973 ::* '' Nemastoma titaniacum'' Roewer, 1914 — Bosnia ::* '' Nemastoma transsylvanicum'' Gruber & Martens, 1968 ::* '' Nemastoma triste'' (C. L. Koch, 1835) — central Europe :::* ''Nemastoma triste triste'' C. L. Koch in Herrich-Schäffer, 1835 ::* '' Nemastoma troglodytes'' (Wankel, 1861) ::* † '' Nemastoma tuberculatum'' Koch & Berendt, 1854 — fossil: Oligocene ::* '' Nemastoma tunetanum'' Roewer, 1951 ::* '' Nemastoma vitynae'' Roewer, 1927 :* subgenus ''Dromedostoma'' ::* '' Nemastoma acrospinosum'' Roewer, 1951 :::* ''Nemastoma acrospinosum acrospinosum'' Roewer, 1951 :::* ''Nemastoma acrospinosum pretneri'' Hadzi, 1973 ::* '' Nemastoma bipunctatum'' Hadzi, 1973 ::* '' Nemastoma bolei'' Hadzi, 1973 ::* '' Nemastoma corneluttii'' Hadzi, 1973 ::* '' Nemastoma grabovicae'' Hadzi, 1973 ::* '' Nemastoma megarae'' Hadzi, 1973 ::* '' Nemastoma multisignaltum'' Hadzi, 1973 ::* '' Nemastoma nigrum'' Hadzi, 1973 ::* '' Nemastoma radewi'' Roewer, 1926 — cave in Balkans ::* '' Nemastoma ryla'' Roewer, 1951 ::* '' Nemastoma sketi'' Hadzi, 1973 :* subgenus ''Lugubrostoma'' ::* '' Nemastoma boenicum'' ::* '' Nemastoma goliae'' Hadzi, 1973 ::* '' Nemastoma lugubre'' (Müller, 1776) :::* ''Nemastoma lugubre lugubre'' (Müller, 1776) :::* ''Nemastoma lugubre bimaculatum'' ( Fabricius, 1775) — Europe :::* ''Nemastoma lugubre unicolor'' Roewer, 1914 — southern Europe ::* '' Nemastoma sarae'' Hadzi, 1973 * '' Paranemastoma'' Redikorzew, 1936 :* '' Paranemastoma bicuspidatum'' (C. L. Koch, 1835) :* '' Paranemastoma ancae'' Avram, 1973 :* '' Paranemastoma charitonovi'' (Mcheidze, 1952) :* '' Paranemastoma kalischevskyi'' (Roewer, 1951) :* '' Paranemastoma kochii'' (Nowicki, 1870) :* '' Paranemastoma quadripunctatum'' (Perty, 1833) — Europe ::* ''Paranemastoma quadripunctatum quadripunctatum'' (Perty, 1833) ::* ''Paranemastoma quadripunctatum aurosum'' L. Koch, 1869 ::* ''Paranemastoma quadripunctatum armatum'' Kulczynski, 1909 — southeastern Europe ::* ''Paranemastoma quadripunctatum thessalum'' Simon, 1885 — Greece ::* ''Paranemastoma quadripunctatum werneri'' Kulczynski, 1903 —

Asia Minor Anatolia, tr, Anadolu Yarımadası), and the Anatolian plateau, also known as Asia Minor, is a large peninsula in Western Asia and the westernmost protrusion of the Asian continent. It constitutes the major part of modern-day Turkey. The re ...

::* ''Paranemastoma quadripunctatum humerale'' C. L. Koch, 1839 — southeastern Europe :* '' Paranemastoma roeweri'' Starega, 1978 :* '' Paranemastoma sillii'' (Hermann, 1871) — central Europe :* '' Paranemastoma suchumium'' (Roewer, 1951) :* '' Paranemastoma supersum'' (Roewer, 1951) :* '' Paranemastoma umbo'' (Roewer, 1951) :* '' Paranemastoma aurigerum'' (Roewer, 1951) ::* ''Paranemastoma aurigerum aurigerum'' Roewer, 1951 ::* ''Paranemastoma aurigerum joannae'' Starega, 1976 * '' Histricostoma'' Kratochvíl & Miller, 1958 :* '' Histricostoma drenskii'' Kratochvíl & Miller, 1958 :* '' Histricostoma dentipalpe'' ( Ausserer, 1867) — central Europe :* '' Histricostoma argenteolunulatum'' (Canestrini, 1872) — Corcica, Italy :* '' Histricostoma caucasicum'' (Redikorzev, 1936) — Russia * '' Carinostoma'' Kratochvíl & Miller, 1958 :* '' Carinostoma carinatum'' (Roewer, 1914) — southeastern Europe :* '' Carinostoma elegans'' (Sørensen, 1894) — Hungary ::* ''Carinostoma elegans elegans'' (Sørensen, 1894) ::* ''Carinostoma elegans batorligetiense'' (Szalay, 1951) :* '' Carinostoma ornatum'' (Hadzi, 1940) * '' Centetostoma'' Kratochvíl & Miller, 1958 :* subgenus ''Centetostoma'' ::* '' Centetostoma centetes'' (Simon, 1881) — Alps :* subgenus ''Cretostoma'' ::* '' Centetostoma creticum'' (Roewer, 1927) * '' Mitostoma'' Roewer, 1951 :* '' Mitostoma armatissimum'' Roewer, 1962 :* '' Mitostoma daccordii'' Tedeschi & Sciaky, 1997 :* '' Mitostoma fabianae'' Tedeschi & Sciaky, 1997 :* '' Mitostoma sabbadinii'' Tedeschi & Sciaky, 1997 :* '' Mitostoma orghidani'' Avram, 1969 :* '' Mitostoma dumitrescui'' Avram, 1969 :* '' Mitostoma patrizii'' Roewer, 1958 :* '' Mitostoma saxonicum'' :* '' Mitostoma asturicum'' Roewer, 1951 :* '' Mitostoma omalosum'' Roewer, 1951 :* '' Mitostoma chrysomelas'' (Hermann, 1804) — Europe ::* ''Mitostoma chrysomelas chrysomelas'' (Hermann, 1804) ::* ''Mitostoma chrysomelas michielii'' Hadzi, 1973 ::* ''Mitostoma chrysomelas multidenticulatum'' Hadzi, 1973 ::* ''Mitostoma chrysomelas alpinum'' Hadzi, 1931 —

Yugoslavia Yugoslavia (; sh-Latn-Cyrl, separator=" / ", Jugoslavija, Југославија ; sl, Jugoslavija ; mk, Југославија ;; rup, Iugoslavia; hu, Jugoszlávia; rue, label=Pannonian Rusyn, Югославия, translit=Juhoslavija ...

:* '' Mitostoma anophthalmum'' (Fage, 1946) — Italy :* '' Mitostoma carneluttii'' Hadzi, 1973 :* '' Mitostoma helenae'' Avram, 1970 :* '' Mitostoma macedonicum'' Hadzi, 1973 :* '' Mitostoma moldavica'' Avram, 1970 :* '' Mitostoma rodnae'' Avram, 1970 :* '' Mitostoma zmajevicae'' Hadzi, 1973 :* '' Mitostoma olgae'' Silhavý, 1946 — Dalmatia, Montenegro ::* ''Mitostoma olgae olgae'' Silhavý, 1946 ::* ''Mitostoma olgae decorum'' Silhavý, 1946 ::* ''Mitostoma olgae kratochvili'' Silhavý, 1946 ::* ''Mitostoma olgae zorae'' Hadzi, 1973 :* '' Mitostoma valdemonense'' Marcellino, 1977

Subfamily Ortholasmatinae

* '' Cladolasma'' Suzuki, 1963 :* '' Cladolasma ailaoshan'' Zhang, Zhao & Zhang, 2018 —

China China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia. It is the world's most populous country, with a population exceeding 1.4 billion, slightly ahead of India. China spans the equivalent of five time zones and ...

:* '' Cladolasma angka'' (Schwendinger & Gruber, 1992) —

:* '' Cladolasma damingshan'' Zhang & Zhang, 2013 —

:* '' Cladolasma parvulum'' Suzuki, 1963 —

* '' Dendrolasma'' Banks, 1894 :* '' Dendrolasma mirabile''

Banks A bank is a financial institution that accepts deposits from the public and creates a demand deposit while simultaneously making loans. Lending activities can be directly performed by the bank or indirectly through capital markets. Becaus ...

, 1894 —

Washington Washington commonly refers to: * Washington (state), United States * Washington, D.C., the capital of the United States ** A metonym for the federal government of the United States ** Washington metropolitan area, the metropolitan area centered o ...

:* '' Dendrolasma angka'' P. J. Schwendinger & J. Gruber, 1992 —

:* '' Dendrolasma dentipalpe'' W. A. Shear & J. Gruber, 1983 —

California California is a U.S. state, state in the Western United States, located along the West Coast of the United States, Pacific Coast. With nearly 39.2million residents across a total area of approximately , it is the List of states and territori ...

:* '' Dendrolasma parvula'' (Suzuki, 1963) * † ''

Halitherses In Greek mythology, Halitherses (Ἁλιθέρσης), son of Mastor, was an Ithacan prophet who warned the suitors of Penelope after interpreting the symbols that Zeus sent to "be wise in time, and put a stop to this wickedness before he comes." ...

'' Giribet & Dunlop, 2005 :* † '' Halitherses grimaldii'' Giribet & Dunlop, 2005 — fossil:

Cretaceous The Cretaceous ( ) is a geological period that lasted from about 145 to 66 million years ago (Mya). It is the third and final period of the Mesozoic Era, as well as the longest. At around 79 million years, it is the longest geological period of th ...

( Cenomanian)

Burmese amber Burmese amber, also known as Burmite or Kachin amber, is amber from the Hukawng Valley in northern Myanmar. The amber is dated to around 100 million years ago, during the latest Albian to earliest Cenomanian ages of the mid-Cretaceous period. The ...

,Giribet & Dunlop 2005 * '' Ortholasma'' Banks, 1894 :* ''

Ortholasma bolivari ''Ortholasma'' is a genus of harvestmen in the family Nemastomatidae. There are about 13 described species in ''Ortholasma''. Species These 13 species belong to the genus ''Ortholasma'': * '' Ortholasma colossus'' Shear, 2010 * '' Ortholasma c ...

'' (Goodnight & Goodnight, 1942) —

:* '' Ortholasma coronadense'' Cockerell, 1916 —

Coronados Islands The Coronado Islands (''Islas Coronado'' or ''Islas Coronados''; en, Islands of the Coronation(s); Kumeyaay: Mat hasil ewik kakap) are a group of islands located off the northwest coast of the Mexican state of Baja California. Battered by the ...

:* '' Ortholasma levipes'' W. A. Shear & J. Gruber, 1983 — California :* ''

Ortholasma pictipes ''Ortholasma pictipes'' is a species of harvestman in the family Nemastomatidae The Nemastomatidae are a family of harvestmen with about 170 described species in 16 recent genera. Several fossil species and genera are known. Unlike some rel ...

'' Banks, 1911 — California :* ''

Ortholasma rugosum ''Ortholasma rugosum'' is a species of harvestman in the family Nemastomatidae The Nemastomatidae are a family of harvestmen with about 170 described species in 16 recent genera. Several fossil species and genera are known. Unlike some relate ...

'' Banks, 1894 — California :* '' Ortholasma sbordonii'' Silhavý, 1973

incertae sedis

:* '' Nemastomella'' Mello-Leitão, 1936 ::* '' Nemastomella integripes'' Mello-Leitão, 1936 — Spain :* '' Hadzinia'' Silhavý, 1966 ::* '' Hadzinia karamani'' (Hadzi, 1940) :* '' Acromitostoma'' Roewer, 1951 ::* '' Acromitostoma hispanum'' (Roewer, 1917) — Spain:

Granada Granada (,, DIN 31635, DIN: ; grc, Ἐλιβύργη, Elibýrgē; la, Illiberis or . ) is the capital city of the province of Granada, in the autonomous communities of Spain, autonomous community of Andalusia, Spain. Granada is located at the fo ...

::* '' Acromitostoma rhinoceros'' Roewer, 1951 :* '' Mediostoma'' Kratochvíl & Miller, 1958 ::* '' Mediostoma graecum'' (Roewer, 1917) ::* '' Mediostoma topolium'' (Roewer, 1951) ::* '' Mediostoma pamiricum'' W. Starega, 1986 —

Tajikistan Tajikistan (, ; tg, Тоҷикистон, Tojikiston; russian: Таджикистан, Tadzhikistan), officially the Republic of Tajikistan ( tg, Ҷумҳурии Тоҷикистон, Jumhurii Tojikiston), is a landlocked country in Centr ...

::* '' Mediostoma ceratocephalum'' Gruber, 1976 :* '' Pyza'' Starega, 1976 ::* '' Pyza bosnica'' (Roewer, 1916) :* † '' Rhabdotarachnoides'' Haupt, 1956 — fossil ::* † '' Rhabdotarachnoides simoni'' Haupt, 1956 —

Permian The Permian ( ) is a geologic period and stratigraphic system which spans 47 million years from the end of the Carboniferous Period million years ago (Mya), to the beginning of the Triassic Period 251.9 Mya. It is the last period of the Paleoz ...

Footnotes

References

* Joel Hallan's Biology Catalog
Nemastomatidae
* * (eds.) (2007): Harvestmen - The Biology of Opiliones. ''Harvard University Press'' {{Taxonbar , from=Q1391856 Harvestman families