Neith Boyce (March 21, 1872 – December 2, 1951) was an American novelist, journalist, and theatre artist. Much of Boyce’s earlier work was published with help from her parents, Mary and
Henry Harrison Boyce. Neith Boyce later co-founded the
Provincetown Players
The Provincetown Players was a collective of artists, writers, intellectuals, and amateur theater enthusiasts. Under the leadership of the husband and wife team of George Cram “Jig” Cook and Susan Glaspell from Iowa, the Players produced two ...
alongside
Susan Glaspell,
George Cram Cook
George Cram Cook or Jig Cook (October 7, 1873 – January 14, 1924) was an American theatre producer, director, playwright, novelist, poet, and university professor. Believing it was his personal mission to inspire others, Cook led the fou ...
, her husband
Hutchins Hapgood
Hutchins Harry Hapgood (1869–1944) was an American journalist, author and anarchist.
Life and career
Hapgood was born to Charles Hutchins Hapgood (1836–1917) and Fanny Louise (Powers) Hapgood (1846–1922) and grew up in Alton, Illinois, ...
, and others. Boyce worked with the Provincetown Players in several capacities that included directing, performing, hosting productions in her home, and having all four of her plays produced. Boyce’s plays featured plots that focused on women’s sexuality, personal relationships, and agency.
Early life
Neith Boyce was born in
Franklin, Indiana
Franklin is a city in Johnson County, Indiana, United States. The population was 23,712 at the 2010 census. Located about south of Indianapolis, the city is the county seat of Johnson County. The site of Franklin College, the city attracts n ...
, the second of five children to
Henry Harrison Boyce and Mary Boyce. Henry Harrison Boyce had a wife and child before his relationship with Mary Boyce. This first marriage ended in a complicated divorce. In 1880, the diphtheria epidemic resulted in the death of all the Boyce children, except for Neith. The now family of three traveled from Milwaukee to Indiana and finally settled in Los Angeles.
Neith Boyce was self-educated in her family homes in California She did this by reading the books in her parents’ library. She later attended a Los Angeles college that was overseen by an “old melancholy clerical gentleman.” Like most women at the time, Boyce also received music lessons.
Career
Early Writing and Journalism
Neith began publishing pieces as a teenager in the 1880s in the ''
Los Angeles Times
The ''Los Angeles Times'' (abbreviated as ''LA Times'') is a daily newspaper that started publishing in Los Angeles in 1881. Based in the LA-adjacent suburb of El Segundo since 2018, it is the sixth-largest newspaper by circulation in the Un ...
'', which her father co-founded. By the mid-1880s the Boyces were leading citizens in Los Angeles. The family later moved to Boston in 1891, where Mary Boyce became an associate editor for ''The Cycle'', which was a publication oriented towards women’s rights issues. Mary Boyce helped publish a great deal of Neith Boyce’s editorial work and poetry. The first of Neith Boyce's works to be published with the help of her mother was a segment titled “women’s nature poetry.” After her family moved to New York in 1896, Boyce began publishing articles and short stories successfully in ''
Vogue
Vogue may refer to:
Business
* ''Vogue'' (magazine), a US fashion magazine
** British ''Vogue'', a British fashion magazine
** ''Vogue Arabia'', an Arab fashion magazine
** ''Vogue Australia'', an Australian fashion magazine
** ''Vogue China'', ...
'' magazine.
By the late 1890s, Neith Boyce was living in
Greenwich Village
Greenwich Village ( , , ) is a neighborhood on the west side of Lower Manhattan in New York City, bounded by 14th Street to the north, Broadway to the east, Houston Street to the south, and the Hudson River to the west. Greenwich Village ...
with two other young women, who, like herself, were salaried newspaperwomen. The three made their way by writing for various New York City newspapers. Neith Boyce worked for Lincoln Steffens, then editor of ''The Commercial Advertiser''. Boyce published her first book in 1896, ''The Chap-Book''.
Playwright
Boyce’s husband, Hapgood, took to spending summers in Provincetown, Massachusetts. Boyce became involved with the local community of female playwrights in Provincetown and was one of the founding members of the
Provincetown Players
The Provincetown Players was a collective of artists, writers, intellectuals, and amateur theater enthusiasts. Under the leadership of the husband and wife team of George Cram “Jig” Cook and Susan Glaspell from Iowa, the Players produced two ...
. All four of Boyce’s works for the stage were first presented by the Provincetown Players. Boyce also wrote, directed, and performed for the company.
Major themes that are consistent throughout Boyce’s work include:
* Cases that argue for young men and women to experience periods of sexual or relational experimentation to avoid making serious mistakes.
* The power of social conventions, whether for good or evil.
* The negative effects on women’s character from having to cope with life independently.
* The general difficulty of women’s lives.
Boyce’s ''Constancy'' (1914) inaugurated the first season of the theatre that would become the Provincetown Players. The play deals with the tempestuous relationship between two of her summer neighbors who were also members of the Provincetown Players, Mabel Dodge and John Reed. Boyce addresses sexual double standards through satirizing the love affair between Dodge and Jack Reed, both of whom were married at the time to other people. In the play, the male lead, Rex, cannot remain faithful to his lover, Moira, yet expects her to await his return from his latest love affair. This topic points to Boyce’s frustration with the sexual double standard in her own marriage, as well as the hypocrisies practiced by the male members of the Provincetown Players.
The second production was of ''Enemies'' (1916) which was a collaboration between Neith Boyce and her husband. ''Enemies'' was written as a dialogue between a man and a woman that reflected the then contemporary war between the sexes. Neith Boyce wrote the woman’s lines, and Hutchins Hapgood wrote the man’s. The couple appeared in the play when it premiered in Provincetown. ''Enemies'' was one the first plays to be produced for radio.
Both ''Two Sons'' and ''Winter’s Night'' were produced in 1916, however, a printed version of ''Winter’s Night'' was not available until 1928. This published copy of ''Winter’s Night'' featured several revisions from the script originally presented in Provincetown. ''Winter’s Night'' features a female protagonist who rejects a proposal from her late husband's brother to start a dress-making business. This results in the suitor’s suicide.
Boyce's last play, ''The Sea Lady'', was based on the book by H.G. Wells. The play was in the works for a Broadway production when the novelist's agents pulled the rights. The script was then shelved and only discovered among the playwright's papers in recent years. It was given its stage premiere by the Metropolitan Playhouse in October 2022.
Personal life
Neith Boyce met her husband,
Hutchins Hapgood
Hutchins Harry Hapgood (1869–1944) was an American journalist, author and anarchist.
Life and career
Hapgood was born to Charles Hutchins Hapgood (1836–1917) and Fanny Louise (Powers) Hapgood (1846–1922) and grew up in Alton, Illinois, ...
, while working for ''The Commercial Advertiser''. Hapgood himself had a long career as a novelist and journalist. They married on June 22, 1899. They had two children.
The two would function as friends and advisors to such cultural celebrities as
Mabel Dodge
Mabel Evans Dodge Sterne Luhan (pronounced ''LOO-hahn''; née Ganson; February 26, 1879 – August 13, 1962) was a wealthy American patron of the arts, who was particularly associated with the Taos art colony.
Early life
Mabel Ganson was the heir ...
,
Djuna Barnes
Djuna Barnes (, June 12, 1892 – June 18, 1982) was an American artist, illustrator, journalist, and writer who is perhaps best known for her novel ''Nightwood'' (1936), a cult classic of lesbian fiction and an important work of modernist liter ...
,
Alfred Stieglitz,
Georgia O’Keeffe
Georgia Totto O'Keeffe (November 15, 1887 – March 6, 1986) was an American modernist artist. She was known for her paintings of enlarged flowers, New York skyscrapers, and New Mexico landscapes. O'Keeffe has been called the "Mother of Amer ...
, and
Gertrude Stein
Gertrude Stein (February 3, 1874 – July 27, 1946) was an American novelist, poet, playwright, and art collector. Born in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, in the Allegheny West neighborhood and raised in Oakland, California, Stein moved to Paris ...
. Hapgood and Boyce had what was outwardly claimed to be a “modern marriage” in which both partners were equal, and neither was bound by sexual fidelity. However, behind closed doors, Boyce was solely responsible for the children, while Hapgood enjoyed numerous affairs. Hapgood’s jealousy prevented Boyce from enjoying the sexual freedom that he enjoyed for himself. Her one exception to this restrictive marriage was Hapgood’s support of her writing, and Boyce’s ability to use her writing as a means to voice her own discontent and frustration.
Boyce died in Provincetown, Massachusetts.
Bibliography
Novels
* ''The Chap-Book'' (1896)
* ''The Forerunner'' (1903)
* ''
The Folly of Others
''The'' () is a grammatical article in English, denoting persons or things already mentioned, under discussion, implied or otherwise presumed familiar to listeners, readers, or speakers. It is the definite article in English. ''The'' is the m ...
'' (1906)
* ''
Eternal Spring'' (1906)
* ''The Bond'' (1908)
* ''
Proud Lady'' (1923)
* ''
Harry: A Portrait'' (1923)
Plays
* ''Constancy'' (1914)
* ''Enemies'' (1916)
* ''
Two Sons'' (1916)
* ''
Winter’s Night'' (1928)
Further reading
* ''The Modern World of Neith Boyce : Autobiography and Diaries'', edited by Carol DeBoer-Langworthy.
University of New Mexico Press
The University of New Mexico Press (UNMP) is a university press at the University of New Mexico. It was founded in 1929 and published pamphlets for the university in its early years before expanding into quarterlies and books. Its administrative ...
, 2003.
References
Sources
Yale University Library - ''Guide to the Hapgood Family Papers''
External links
*
Website of Carol DeBoer-Langworthy, editor of ''The Modern World of Neith Boyce''
{{DEFAULTSORT:Boyce, Neith
1872 births
1951 deaths
20th-century American novelists
20th-century American dramatists and playwrights
People from Franklin, Indiana
American women novelists
20th-century American women writers
Progressive Era in the United States
People from Provincetown, Massachusetts