Nefrusy was an ancient Egyptian city which location is north of modern day cities of El Ashmunein and

El Quseyya El Quseyya ( ar, القوصية, ''Kos'') is a city in Egypt Egypt ( ar, مصر , ), officially the Arab Republic of Egypt, is a List of transcontinental countries, transcontinental country spanning the North Africa, northeast corner of Af ...

. It is known for being the site of Battle of Nefrusy between the forces of

Kamose Kamose was the last Pharaoh of the Theban Seventeenth Dynasty. He was possibly the son of Seqenenre Tao and Ahhotep I and the uncle of Ahmose I, founder of the Eighteenth Dynasty. His reign fell at the very end of the Second Intermediate Period ...

and

Hyksos Hyksos (; Egyptian '' ḥqꜣ(w)- ḫꜣswt'', Egyptological pronunciation: ''hekau khasut'', "ruler(s) of foreign lands") is a term which, in modern Egyptology, designates the kings of the Fifteenth Dynasty of Egypt (fl. c. 1650–1550 BC). T ...

forces, which saw the first attested use of

chariot A chariot is a type of cart driven by a charioteer, usually using horses to provide rapid motive power. The oldest known chariots have been found in burials of the Sintashta culture in modern-day Chelyabinsk Oblast, Russia, dated to c. 2000&nbs ...

s in the history of

Military of ancient Egypt Ancient Egypt was an ancient civilization of eastern North Africa, concentrated along the northern reaches of the Nile River in Egypt. The civilization coalesced around 3150 BC with the political unification of Upper and Lower Egypt under the fir ...

History

Nefrusy is first attested in a tomb at

Hebenu Hebenu is an ancient Egyptian city. It was the early capital of the 16th Upper Egyptian Nome. The modern village of Kom el Ahmar (Minya Governorate) is built on the site where the ancient city stood. See also * List of ancient Egyptian towns ...

in the

Old Kingdom In ancient Egyptian history, the Old Kingdom is the period spanning c. 2700–2200 BC. It is also known as the "Age of the Pyramids" or the "Age of the Pyramid Builders", as it encompasses the reigns of the great pyramid-builders of the Fourth ...

where

Hathor Hathor ( egy, ḥwt-ḥr, lit=House of Horus, grc, Ἁθώρ , cop, ϩⲁⲑⲱⲣ, Meroitic: ) was a major goddess in ancient Egyptian religion who played a wide variety of roles. As a sky deity, she was the mother or consort of the sky ...

, mistress of Nefrusy is mentioned. In the Middle Kingdom, the place is mentioned several times in the tombs of

Beni Hassan is a Japanese R&B singer, who debuted in 2004 under the Avex Trax label. In 2008, Arashiro left Avex Trax and transferred to Universal Music Japan where she started to perform as simply Beni (stylized as BENI). She was initially best known fo ...

where Hathor, lady of Nefrusy is also mentioned. Hetepet, consort of the nomarch Amenemhet was a priestess of Hathor of Nefrusy. Under Teti son of Pepi, Nefrusy is described in the victory stela of Kamose as a 'nest of Asiatics'. Kamose destroyed Nefrusy on his campaign against the Hyksos. Another mayors resided there in the

New Kingdom New is an adjective referring to something recently made, discovered, or created. New or NEW may refer to: Music * New, singer of K-pop group The Boyz Albums and EPs * ''New'' (album), by Paul McCartney, 2013 * ''New'' (EP), by Regurgitator, ...

, Iuno, Mahu, Iamunefer, Pahahauti are known by name.

Hieroglyphic Descriptor

Modern Location

Its location has been suggested by

Gaston Maspero Sir Gaston Camille Charles Maspero (23 June 1846 – 30 June 1916) was a French Egyptologist known for popularizing the term "Sea Peoples" in an 1881 paper. Maspero's son, Henri Maspero, became a notable sinologist and scholar of East Asia. ...

to be at modern village of Etlidem south of Minya, and by

Georges Daressy Georges Émile Jules Daressy (19 March 1864 – 28 February 1938) was a French Egyptologist. He worked from 1887 in the Egyptian Museum in Cairo. Amongst his responsibilities was the museum's move from Bulaq to Giza in 1891, and then to the presen ...

to be at modern village of Balansourah on the canal of

Bahr Yussef The Bahr Yussef ( ar, بحر يوسف; "the waterway of Joseph") is a canal which connects the Nile River with Fayyum in Egypt. In ancient times it was called Tomis () by the Greeks which was derived from its Egyptian name ''Tm.t'' "ending canal ...

west of

Abu Qirqas Abu Qirqas or Abu Qurqas is a subdivision ('' markaz'') of Minya Governorate of Egypt. It is situated on the west bank of the Nile, opposite of the historic site of Beni Hasan. The population of Abu Qirqas is around 400,000 inhabitants. The city h ...

References

Bibliography

*Wilkinson, Toby. ''The Rise and Fall of Ancient Egypt''. Random House, New York, 2010. *Ryholt, Kim SB. ''The Political Situation in Egypt during the Second Intermediate Period''. Carsten Niebuhr Institute Publications, Copenhagen, 1997. {{ISBN, 87-7289-421-0 Cities in ancient Egypt Lost ancient cities and towns Former populated places in Egypt Archaeological sites in Egypt