The Tettigoniinae are a subfamily of bush crickets or katydids, which contains hundreds of

species In biology, a species is the basic unit of classification and a taxonomic rank of an organism, as well as a unit of biodiversity. A species is often defined as the largest group of organisms in which any two individuals of the appropriate s ...

in about twelve

tribes The term tribe is used in many different contexts to refer to a category of human social group. The predominant worldwide usage of the term in English is in the discipline of anthropology. This definition is contested, in part due to confli ...

Distribution

The greatest diversity is in the

Palaearctic The Palearctic or Palaearctic is the largest of the eight biogeographic realms of the Earth. It stretches across all of Eurasia north of the foothills of the Himalayas, and North Africa. The realm consists of several bioregions: the Euro-Sibe ...

region and many of the familiar European species of bush crickets (''e.g.'' in the genera ''

Metrioptera ''Metrioptera''Wesmaël (1838) ''Bull. Acad. Sci. Bruxelles'' 5: 592. is a genus of insects in the tribe Platycleidini and subfamily Tettigoniinae The Tettigoniinae are a subfamily of bush crickets or katydids, which contains hundreds of spe ...

, Pholidoptera, Platycleis'' and the type genus ''

Tettigonia ''Tettigonia'' is the type genus of bush crickets belonging to the subfamily Tettigoniinae.Linnaeus, C. (1758). ''Systema Naturae per Regna tria naturae'' (10th ed.) 1: 429. The scientific name ''Tettigonia'' is onomatopoeic and derives from t ...

'') are in this subfamily. They are attributed to an ancient Gondwana fauna, which is reflected in the known distribution of the southern African genera, which are in turn related to Australian and North American genera in the tribe Nedubini (''e.g. Neduba'' and '' Aglaothorax''). Extant genera are native to: the

Americas The Americas, which are sometimes collectively called America, are a landmass comprising the totality of North and South America. The Americas make up most of the land in Earth's Western Hemisphere and comprise the New World. Along with th ...

(where they may be called shield-backed katydids), Australia,

southern Africa Southern Africa is the southernmost subregion of the African continent, south of the Congo and Tanzania. The physical location is the large part of Africa to the south of the extensive Congo River basin. Southern Africa is home to a number o ...

Europe Europe is a large peninsula conventionally considered a continent in its own right because of its great physical size and the weight of its history and traditions. Europe is also considered a subcontinent of Eurasia and it is located entirel ...

(especially

Mediterranean The Mediterranean Sea is a sea connected to the Atlantic Ocean, surrounded by the Mediterranean Basin and almost completely enclosed by land: on the north by Western Europe, Western and Southern Europe and Anatolia, on the south by North Africa ...

), and the Near East. The faunas of the

Neotropics The Neotropical realm is one of the eight biogeographic realms constituting Earth's land surface. Physically, it includes the tropical terrestrial ecoregions of the Americas and the entire South American temperate zone. Definition In bioge ...

and Australia are more closely related to one other than to those of southern Africa and Madagascar (in tribe

Arytropteridini The Tettigoniinae are a subfamily of Tettigoniidae, bush crickets or katydids, which contains hundreds of species in about twelve Tribe (biology), tribes. Distribution The greatest diversity is in the Palaearctic region and many of the familiar ...

), although the three faunas are related.

Tribes and genera

In the ''Orthoptera Species File'', the following are listed:Orthoptera Species File: subfamily Tettigoniinae Krauss, 1902 (retrieved 17 November 2021)
/ref>

Arytropteridini

Auth. Caudell, 1908 * ''

Alfredectes ''Alfredectes'' is a genus of bush crickets or katydids, which is endemic to South Africa South Africa, officially the Republic of South Africa (RSA), is the Southern Africa, southernmost country in Africa. It is bounded to the south by ...

'' Rentz, 1988 * '' Anarytropteris'' Uvarov, 1924 * ''

Arytropteris ''Arytropteris'' is a genus of shield-backed katydids, containing the following species: * '' Arytropteris basalis'' (Walker, 1869) – flat-necked shieldback * '' Arytropteris granulithorax'' Péringuey, 1916 – east coast flat-necked shieldba ...

'' Herman, 1874 * '' Ceresia'' Uvarov, 1928 - monotypic ''

Ceresia pulchripes ''Ceresia pulchripes'', the common ceresia, is a species of bush cricket or katydid endemic Endemism is the state of a species being found in a single defined geographic location, such as an island, state, nation, country or other defined ...

'' * '' Namaquadectes'' Rentz, 1988 * ''

Thoracistus ''Thoracistus'' is a genus of decticine or shield-backed katydids in the family Tettigoniidae. The mostly carnivorous genus is endemic to South Africa South Africa, officially the Republic of South Africa (RSA), is the Southern Africa, ...

'' Pictet, 1888 * '' Toliaridectes'' Hugel, 2019 * '' Transkeidectes'' Naskrecki, 1992 * '' Zuludectes'' Rentz, 1988

Ctenodecticini

Auth. Caudell, 1908 * '' Ctenodecticus'' Bolívar, 1877 * '' Miramiola'' Uvarov, 1939

Decticini

Auth. Herman, 1874 (synonyms Decticidae or Dectici Herman, 1874) * '' Decticus'' Serville, 1831

Drymadusini

Auth. Uvarov, 1924 * '' Afrodrymadusa'' Ramme, 1939 * '' Ammoxenulus'' Bei-Bienko, 1951 * '' Anadolua'' Ramme, 1939 * '' Anadrymadusa'' Karabag, 1961 * '' Anatlanticus'' Bei-Bienko, 1951 * '' Atlanticus'' Scudder, 1894 * '' Bergiola'' Stshelkanovtzev, 1910 * '' Bienkoxenus'' Cejchan, 1968 * '' Calopterusa'' Uvarov, 1942 * '' Ceraeocercus'' Uvarov, 1910 * '' Delodusa'' Stolyarov, 1994 * '' Drymadusa'' Stein, 1860 * '' Drymadusella'' Ramme, 1939 * '' Drymapedes'' Bei-Bienko, 1967 * '' Eulithoxenus'' Bei-Bienko, 1951 * '' Exodrymadusa'' Karabag, 1961 * '' Farsodecticus'' Mirzayans, 1991 * '' Ferganusa'' Uvarov, 1926 * '' Iranusa'' Uvarov, 1942 * '' Kansua'' Uvarov, 1933 * '' Leptodusa'' Stolyarov, 1994 * '' Lithodusa'' Bei-Bienko, 1951 * '' Lithoxenus'' Bei-Bienko, 1951 * '' Microdrymadusa'' Bei-Bienko, 1967 * '' Mixodusa'' Stolyarov, 1994 * '' Mongolodectes'' Bei-Bienko, 1951 * '' Novadrymadusa'' Demirsoy, Salman & Sevgili, 2002 * '' Paradrymadusa'' Herman, 1874 * '' Paratlanticus'' Ramme, 1939 * '' Pezodrymadusa'' Karabag, 1961 * '' Phytodrymadusa'' Ramme, 1939 * '' Ptosoproctus'' Shen, Yin & He, 2021 * '' Scotodrymadusa'' Ramme, 1939 * '' Sichuana'' Yin & Shen, 2020 * '' Tadzhikia'' Mishchenko, 1954 * '' Uvarovina'' Ramme, 1939 * '' Zagrosiella'' Mirzayans, 1991

Gampsocleidini

Auth. Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1893 * '' Gampsocleis'' Fieber, 1852 * '' Uvarovites'' Tarbinsky, 1932 - monotypic '' U. inflatus'' (Uvarov, 1924) - mainland E. Asia

Glyphonotini

Auth. Tarbinsky, 1932 (synonyms: Glyphonotinae Tarbinsky, 1932; Glyphontini) * '' Chlorodectes'' Rentz, 1985 * '' Ectopistidectes'' Rentz, 1985 * '' Glyphonotus'' Redtenbacher, 1889 * '' Metaballus'' Herman, 1874

Nedubini

Auth. Gorochov, 1988 * '' Aglaothorax'' Caudell, 1907 * '' Antipodectes'' Rentz, 1985 * '' Apteropedetes'' Rentz, 1979 * '' Barraza'' Koçak & Kemal, 2008 * '' Chinnandectes'' Rentz, 1985 * '' Dexerra'' Walker, 1869 * '' Falcidectes'' Rentz & Gurney, 1985 * '' Glenbalodectes'' Rentz, 1985 * '' Idionotus'' Scudder, 1894 * '' Ixalodectes'' Rentz, 1985 * '' Lanciana'' Walker, 1869 * '' Neduba'' Walker, 1869 * '' Oligodectes'' Rentz, 1985 * '' Oligodectoides'' Rentz, 1985 * '' Phymonotus'' Lightfoot, Weissman & Ueshima, 2011 * '' Platydecticus'' Chopard, 1951 * '' Platyproctidectes'' Rentz, 1985 * '' Rhachidorus'' Herman, 1874 * '' Throscodectes'' Rentz, 1985 * '' Xederra'' Ander, 1938 * '' Xyrdectes'' Rentz & Gurney, 1985

Onconotini

Auth. Tarbinsky, 1940 * '' Onconotus'' Fischer von Waldheim, 1839

Pholidopterini

Auth. Ramme, 1951 * '' Aparapholidoptera'' Çiplak, 2020 *'' Apholidoptera'' Maran, 1953 * '' Eupholidoptera'' Maran, 1953 * '' Exopholidoptera'' Ünal, 1998 * '' Parapholidoptera'' Maran, 1953 * '' Pholidoptera'' Wesmaël, 1838 *'' Spinopholidoptera'' Çiplak, 2020 * '' Uvarovistia'' Maran, 1953

Plagiostirini

Auth. Storozhenko, 1994 * '' Plagiostira'' Scudder, 1876

Platycleidini

Auth. Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1893 * '' Afghanoptera'' Ramme, 1952 * '' Amedegnatiana'' Massa & Fontana, 2011 * '' Anabrus'' Haldeman, 1852 * '' Anonconotus'' Camerano, 1878 * '' Antaxius'' Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1882 * '' Anterastes'' Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1882 * '' Ariagona'' Krauss, 1892 * '' Austrodectes'' Rentz, 1985 * '' Bicolorana'' Zeuner, 1941 ** ''e.g. Bicolorana bicolor'' * '' Broughtonia'' Harz, 1969 * '' Bucephaloptera'' Ebner, 1923 * '' Chizuella'' Furukawa, 1950 * '' Clinopleura'' Scudder, 1894 * '' Decticita'' Hebard, 1939 * '' Decticoides'' Ragge, 1977 * '' Eobiana'' Bei-Bienko, 1949 * '' Eremopedes'' Scudder, 1897 * '' Festella'' Giglio-Tos, 1894 * '' Hermoniana'' Broza, Ayal & Pener, 2004 * '' Hypsopedes'' Bei-Bienko, 1951 * '' Idiostatus'' Pictet, 1888 * '' Inyodectes'' Rentz & Birchim, 1968 * '' Koroglus'' - monotypic ''K. disparalatus'' Ünal, 2002 * ''

'' Wesmaël, 1838 ** ''e.g. Metrioptera brachyptera'' * ''

Montana Montana () is a state in the Mountain West division of the Western United States. It is bordered by Idaho to the west, North Dakota and South Dakota to the east, Wyoming to the south, and the Canadian provinces of Alberta, British Columb ...

'' Zeuner, 1941 * '' Pachytrachis'' Uvarov, 1940 * '' Pediodectes'' Rehn & Hebard, 1916 * '' Peranabrus'' Scudder, 1894 * '' Petropedes'' Tinkham, 1972 * '' Platycleis'' Fieber, 1853 * '' Plicigastra'' Uvarov, 1940 * '' Pravdiniana'' Sergeev & Pokivajlov, 1992 * '' Psorodonotus'' Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1861 * '' Pterolepis'' Rambur, 1838 * '' Raggeana'' Pener, Broza & Ayal, 1971 * '' Rammeola'' Uvarov, 1934 * '' Rhacocleis'' Fieber, 1853 * '' Sardoplatycleis'' Massa & Fontana, 2011 * '' Roeseliana'' Zeuner, 1941 - formerly in ''Metrioptera'' * '' Schizonotinus'' Ramme, 1948 * '' Sepiana'' Zeuner, 1941 * '' Sphagniana'' Zeuner, 1941 * '' Steiroxys'' Herman, 1874 * '' Tessellana'' Zeuner, 1941 ** ''e.g. Tessellana tessellata'' * '' Uludaghia'' Ramme, 1951 * '' Yersinella'' Ramme, 1933 * '' Zeuneriana'' Karsch, 1889

Tettigoniini

Auth. Krauss, 1902 * ''

Acrodectes ''Acrodectes'' is a genus of shield-backed katydids in the family Tettigoniidae Insects in the family Tettigoniidae are commonly called katydids (especially in North America), or bush crickets. They have previously been known as "long-horned ...

'' Rehn & Hebard, 1920 * '' Amphiestris'' Fieber, 1853 * ''

Apote ''Apote'' is a genus of shield-backed katydids in the family Tettigoniidae Insects in the family Tettigoniidae are commonly called katydids (especially in North America), or bush crickets. They have previously been known as "long-horned gras ...

'' Scudder, 1897 * '' Ateloplus'' Scudder, 1894 * '' Calliphona'' Krauss, 1892 * '' Capnobotes'' Scudder, 1897 * '' Cyrtophyllicus'' Hebard, 1908 * '' Elasmocercus'' Chopard, 1943 * '' Evergoderes'' Bolívar, 1936 * '' Hubbellia'' Hebard, 1927 * '' Hyphinomos'' Uvarov, 1921 * '' Medecticus'' Uvarov, 1912 * '' Nanodectes'' Rentz, 1985 * '' Platyoplus'' Tinkham, 1973 * '' Psalmatophanes'' Chopard, 1938 * '' Sureyaella'' Uvarov, 1934 * ''

''Linnaeus, 1758 * '' Thyreonotus'' Serville, 1838 including '' Thyreonotus corsicus'' * '' Zacycloptera'' Caudell, 1907

Tribe ''
incertae sedis ' () or ''problematica'' is a term used for a taxonomic group where its broader relationships are unknown or undefined. Alternatively, such groups are frequently referred to as "enigmatic taxa". In the system of open nomenclature, uncertain ...
''

* '' Bolua'' Ünal, 1999 * '' Dreuxia'' Chopard & Dreux, 1966 * '' Neogampsocleis'' Caudell, 1935

Examples and Gallery

The

Mormon cricket The Mormon cricket (''Anabrus simplex'') is a large insect that can grow to almost in length. It lives throughout western North America in rangelands dominated by sagebrush and forbs. Despite its name, the Mormon cricket is actually a shield-bac ...

, actually a katydid and member of this subfamily, has been known to cause extensive damage when it breeds in large numbers in cropland. 123 species are native to North America. Mormon cricket (red background).jpg, '' Anabrus simplex'' Anadrymadusa retowskii male.JPG, Anonconotus alpestris male (3787938321).jpg, Anthaxius pedestris male (7973599932).jpg, Metriptera bicolor male macropterous (5933691434).jpg, Warzenbeisser (01).JPEG, Black katydid - Eobiana engelhardti - 姫螽斯(ヒメギス) (5798504048).jpg, Eupholidoptera chabrieri male (31036314374).jpg, Gampsocleis glabra male (15031711991).jpg, Pholidoptera femorata male (9566322834).jpg, Platycleis affinis.jpg, Metrioptera roeselii forma diluta f 5665.jpg, Sepiana sepium female (15031790421).jpg, Platycleis tesselata male (5012521208).jpg, Tettigonia viridissima white 2010 01.jpg, Thoracistus sp, Iphithi Natuurreservaat, b.jpg, Thy corsicus8 CB.JPG, Yersinella raymondii male (15011823486).jpg, Zeuneriana marmorata.jpg,

References

External links

* *
Subfamily Tettigoniinae
{{Taxonbar, from=Q2306585 Orthoptera subfamilies