''Nectria'' is a
genus of
Ascomycete
Ascomycota is a phylum of the kingdom Fungi that, together with the Basidiomycota, forms the subkingdom Dikarya. Its members are commonly known as the sac fungi or ascomycetes. It is the largest phylum of Fungi, with over 64,000 species. The defi ...
fungi. They are most often encountered as
saprophytes on decaying wood but some species can also occur as
parasites of trees, especially fruit trees (for example
apple) and a number of other hardwood trees. Some species are significant pests causing diseases such as apple canker, Nectria twig blight, and
coral spot in orchards.
It is ubiquitous in cool temperate
Europe and
North America
North America is a continent in the Northern Hemisphere and almost entirely within the Western Hemisphere. It is bordered to the north by the Arctic Ocean, to the east by the Atlantic Ocean, to the southeast by South America and the Car ...
and appears to be an
introduced species in
New Zealand and
Australia
Australia, officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a Sovereign state, sovereign country comprising the mainland of the Australia (continent), Australian continent, the island of Tasmania, and numerous List of islands of Australia, sma ...
. The occurrence in New Zealand was first identified in 1996 in
Otago
Otago (, ; mi, Ōtākou ) is a region of New Zealand located in the southern half of the South Island administered by the Otago Regional Council. It has an area of approximately , making it the country's second largest local government reg ...
and
Southland although it is believed to have been present since the 1980s. In North America, ''Nectria'' infections have had economically important impacts on
forestry and
forest products including
aspen,
red oak,
maple,
beech
Beech (''Fagus'') is a genus of deciduous trees in the family Fagaceae, native to temperate Europe, Asia, and North America. Recent classifications recognize 10 to 13 species in two distinct subgenera, ''Engleriana'' and ''Fagus''. The ''Engle ...
,
poplar, and
birch. Species of ''Nectria'' also occur in warmer climates including island groups such as
Hawaii. According to the ''Dictionary of the Fungi'' (10th edition, 2008), the genus contains 82 species.
[
]
Species
* ''Nectria cinnabarina
''Nectria cinnabarina'', also known as coral spot, is a plant pathogen that causes cankers on broadleaf trees. This disease is polycyclic and infects trees in the cool temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere. ''N. cinnabarina'' is typicall ...
''
* '' Nectria coccinea''
* ''Nectria ditissima
''Neonectria ditissima'' (syn. ''Neonectria galligena'') is a fungal plant pathogen. It causes cankers that can kill branches of trees by choking them off. Apple and beech trees are two susceptible species.
Host range
''Neonectria ditissima'' ...
''
* '' Nectria diversispora''
* '' Nectria eustromatica''
* ''Nectria foliicola
''Nectria foliicola'' is a fungal
A fungus ( : fungi or funguses) is any member of the group of eukaryotic organisms that includes microorganisms such as yeasts and molds, as well as the more familiar mushrooms. These organisms are classi ...
''
* ''Nectria fragilis
''Nectria'' is a genus of Ascomycete fungi. They are most often encountered as saprophytes on decaying wood but some species can also occur as parasites of trees, especially fruit trees (for example apple) and a number of other hardwood trees. ...
''
* '' Nectria fuckeliana''
* ''Nectria galligena
''Neonectria ditissima'' (syn. ''Neonectria galligena'') is a fungal plant pathogen. It causes cankers that can kill branches of trees by choking them off. Apple and beech trees are two susceptible species.
Host range
''Neonectria ditissima ...
''
* ''Nectria haematococca
''Fusarium solani'' is a species complex of at least 26 closely related filamentous fungi in the division Ascomycota, family Nectriaceae. It is the anamorph of '' Nectria haematococca''. It is a common soil fungus and colonist of plant mater ...
''
* ''Nectria episphaeria
''Nectria'' is a genus of Ascomycete fungi. They are most often encountered as saprophytes on decaying wood but some species can also occur as parasites of trees, especially fruit trees (for example apple) and a number of other hardwood trees. ...
''
* '' Nectria magnoliae''
* ''Nectria mammoidea'' var. ''rubi''
* '' Nectria mauritiicola''
* '' Nectria peziza''
* ''Nectria pseudotrichia
''Nectria pseudotrichia'' is a fungal plant pathogen
In biology, a pathogen ( el, πάθος, "suffering", "passion" and , "producer of") in the oldest and broadest sense, is any organism or agent that can produce disease. A pathogen may also ...
''
* '' Nectria punicea''
* '' Nectria radicicola''
* '' Nectria ramulariae''
References
Nectriaceae genera
{{Sordariomycetes-stub