Natália de Oliveira Correia,

GOSE Gose () is a warm fermented beer that originated in Goslar, Germany. It is usually brewed with at least 50% of the grain bill being malted wheat. Dominant flavours in gose include a lemon sourness, a herbal characteristic, and a strong saltin ...

, GOL (13 September 1923 – 16 March 1993) was a Portuguese intellectual, poet and social activist, as well as the author of the official lyrics of the "

Hino dos Açores The "Hymn of the Azores" ( pt, Hino dos Açores) is the official regional anthem used during some ceremonies in the Portuguese autonomous region of the Azores. For official purposes, the national anthem, "A Portuguesa", is always used during gov ...

", the regional anthem of the Autonomous Region of the

Azores ) , motto =( en, "Rather die free than subjected in peace") , anthem= ( en, "Anthem of the Azores") , image_map=Locator_map_of_Azores_in_EU.svg , map_alt=Location of the Azores within the European Union , map_caption=Location of the Azores wi ...

. Her work spanned various genres of Portuguese media and she collaborated with many Portuguese and international figures. A member of the Portuguese National Assembly (1980–1991), she regularly intervened politically on behalf of the arts and culture, in the defense of human rights and women's rights. Along with

José Saramago José de Sousa Saramago, GColSE ComSE GColCa (; 16 November 1922 – 18 June 2010), was a Portuguese writer and recipient of the 1998 Nobel Prize in Literature for his "parables sustained by imagination, compassion and irony ith which heco ...

, Armindo Magalhães,

Manuel da Fonseca Manuel Lopes Fonseca, better known as Manuel da Fonseca (15 October 1911 in Santiago do Cacém – 11 March 1993), was a Portuguese writer A writer is a person who uses written words in different writing styles and techniques to com ...

and

Urbano Tavares Rodrigues Urbano Tavares Rodrigues, GCIH (December 6, 1923 – August 9, 2013) was a Portuguese professor of literature, a literary critic and a fiction writer, winner of many literary prizes. Life Urbano Tavares Rodrigues was born in Lisbon on December ...

, she helped create the FNDC, ''Frente Nacional para a Defesa da Cultura'' (the National Front for the Defense of Culture). She was a central figure in the artistic scene, who met with peoples central to Portuguese culture and literature in the 1950s and 1960s. Her works have been translated into various languages.

Biography

Natália Correia was born in

Fajã de Baixo Fajã de Baixo is a civil parish in the municipality of Ponta Delgada in the Portuguese archipelago of the Azores. The population in 2011 was 5,050, in an area of 4.06 km².Ponta Delgada Ponta Delgada (; ) is the largest municipality (''concelho'') and economic capital of the Autonomous Region of the Azores in Portugal. It is located on São Miguel Island, the largest and most populous in the archipelago. As of 2021, it has 67,28 ...

), São Miguel,

. She was the daughter of Maria José de Oliveira (born in

Capelas Capelas (; Portuguese for ''chapels'') is a civil parish along the northern coast of the municipality of Ponta Delgada, on the island of São Miguel in the Portuguese Azores. The population in 2011 was 4,080, in an area of .São Miguel, a primary school teacher who had a small success with writing romances, during the 1940s) and Manuel de Medeiros Correia, married in 1918. At the age of eleven, the young Natália, her older sister (Carmen de Oliveira Correia) and mother moved to

Lisbon Lisbon (; pt, Lisboa ) is the capital and largest city of Portugal, with an estimated population of 544,851 within its administrative limits in an area of 100.05 km2. Grande Lisboa, Lisbon's urban area extends beyond the city's administr ...

, while their father emigrated to Brazil. She began her studies in Lisbon, and quickly found her interest in literature (publishing her first work, for children: ''A Grande Aventura de Um Pequeno Herói''), and specifically poetry. She continued her Arts career in drama, romance, translation, journalism, and editing, becoming familiar with the media in all its forms, as well as television. It was during her work on the program ''Mátria'' that she advocated her own special form of feminism, which flowed counter to the politically correct format of the movement. She called it ''matricismo'', where she showed the woman as an archetype of liberal eroticism: passionate and feminine; later her literary notions of Patria' (the nation or fatherland) and ''Mátria'' (the woman) would be extended to ''Fratria'' (fraternity). Correia's deep affection for her native island's natural beauty is demonstrated profoundly in the themes, images and symbols portrayed in her works, as well as by her affinity with fellow countrymen authors

Antero de Quental Antero Tarquínio do Quental (; old spelling ''Anthero'') (18 April 184211 September 1891) was a Portuguese poet, philosopher, and writer. Do Quental is regarded as one of the greatest poets of his generation and is recognized as one of the most i ...

and contemporary

Vitorino Nemésio Vitorino Nemésio Mendes Pinheiro da Silva (19 December 1901, in Praia da Vitória – 20 February 1978, in Lisbon) was a Portuguese poet, author and intellectual from Terceira, Azores, best known for his novel ''Mau Tempo No Canal'', as well as ...

. She was much influenced by

surrealism Surrealism is a cultural movement that developed in Europe in the aftermath of World War I in which artists depicted unnerving, illogical scenes and developed techniques to allow the unconscious mind to express itself. Its aim was, according to l ...

Galician-Portuguese Galician-Portuguese ( gl, galego-portugués or ', pt, galego-português or ), also known as Old Portuguese or as Medieval Galician when referring to the history of each modern language, was a West Iberian languages, West Iberian Romance languag ...

poetry, and

mysticism Mysticism is popularly known as becoming one with God or the Absolute, but may refer to any kind of ecstasy or altered state of consciousness which is given a religious or spiritual meaning. It may also refer to the attainment of insight in u ...

, and her works span the spectrum from poetic romanticism to satire. She worked in many different genres: poetry, essays, theater, and anthologies. With a talent for oratory and a combative nature, she became active in the movements in opposition to the Estado Novo regime of

António Oliveira Salazar Antonio is a masculine given name of Etruscan origin deriving from the root name Antonius. It is a common name among Romance language-speaking populations as well as the Balkans and Lusophone Africa. It has been among the top 400 most popular male ...

, participating in the ''Movimento de Unidade Democrática'' (Movement for Democratic Unity) in 1945, and supporting the Presidential candidacies of Generals

Norton de Matos Norton may refer to: Places Norton, meaning 'north settlement' in Old English, is a common place name. Places named Norton include: Canada *Rural Municipality of Norton No. 69, Saskatchewan *Norton Parish, New Brunswick **Norton, New Brunswick, a ...

(1949) and Humberto Delgado (1958), as well as joining the ''Comissão Eleitoral de Unidade Democrática'' (Electoral Commission of the Democratic Unity), 1969. For her activism she was condemned to three years in prison, with a suspended sentence, for the publication of her work ''Antologia da Poesia Portuguesa Erótica e Satírica'' (Anthology of Portuguese Erotic Poetry and Satire), considered offensive by the authorities in 1966. She was also tried for editorial responsibility for ''

Novas Cartas Portuguesas ''New Portuguese Letters'' (Portuguese: ''Novas Cartas Portuguesas'') is a literary work composed of letters, essays, poems, fragments, puzzles and excerpts from legal documents, published jointly by the Portuguese writers Maria Isabel Barreno, Mar ...

'' (New Portuguese Letters) written by Maria Isabel Barreno, Maria Velho da Costa and Maria Teresa Horta. Natália was responsible for coordinating the publications of ''Editora Arcádia'', one of the important Portuguese editors at the time. In 1971, with colleagues Isabel Meireles, Júlia Marenha and

Helena Roseta Maria Helena do Rego da Costa Salema Roseta (born 23 December 1947) is a Portuguese architect, specialising in improvements to poorer neighbourhoods, and a politician who was a member of the Assembly of the Republic and President of the Lisbon ...

, she started the ''Bar Botequim'', where during the decades between 1970 and 1980 she met with a great part of the Portuguese intellectual community. In 1980, she was elected to Parliament as a member of the PPD ( Partido Popular Democrático). She was a friend of

António Sérgio António Sérgio de Sousa (September 3, 1883 – February 12, 1969) was an influential educationist, philosopher, journalist, sociologist and essayist from Portugal. Background He was the only son and representative of António Sérgio de Sous ...

, associated with Movimento da Filosofia Portuguesa (Movement of Portuguese Philosophy), David Mourão-Ferreira, José-Augusto França, Luiz Pacheco,

Almada Negreiros José Sobral de Almada Negreiros (7 April 1893 – 15 June 1970) was a Portuguese artist. He was born in the colony of Portuguese São Tomé and Príncipe, the son of a Portuguese father, António Lobo de Almada Negreiros, and a Santomean mothe ...

Mário Cesariny Mario is the Italian, French, Croatian, Spanish, Portuguese, Bulgarian, Greek, and English form of the Latin Roman name Marius. In Croatia, the name Mario was among the most common masculine given names in the decades between 1970 and 1999, and ...

Ary dos Santos José Carlos Ary dos Santos, GCIH or just Ary dos Santos (Lisboa, December 7, 1936 – Lisboa, January 18, 1984) was one of the most relevant names of the Portuguese popular poetry of the 20th century. Born of a bourgeois family, Ary dos Sant ...

Amália Rodrigues Amália da Piedade Rebordão Rodrigues GCSE, GCIH (23 July 1920 – 6 October 1999), better known as Amália Rodrigues () or popularly as Amália, was a Portuguese '' fadista'' (fado singer) and actress. Known as the 'Rainha do Fado' ("Queen ...

, Fernando Dacosta, just to name a few. An enthusiast of the café-concert scene in Portugal, she supported her friend the cross-dresser Guida Scarllaty (the actor Carlos Ferreira). Her home was also a stage for famous writers such as

Henry Miller Henry Valentine Miller (December 26, 1891 – June 7, 1980) was an American novelist. He broke with existing literary forms and developed a new type of semi-autobiographical novel that blended character study, social criticism, philosophical ref ...

Graham Greene Henry Graham Greene (2 October 1904 – 3 April 1991) was an English writer and journalist regarded by many as one of the leading English novelists of the 20th century. Combining literary acclaim with widespread popularity, Greene acquir ...

and Ionesco. In 1991, Correia received the Grand Prize in Poetry from the Associação Portuguesa de Escritores (Association of Portuguese Writers), for her book ''Sonetos Românticos'' (Romantic Sonnets). In the same year, she was conferred the ''Ordem da Liberdade'' (Order of Liberty); she was already the holder of the ''Ordem de Santiago'' (Order of St. James). She was married four times: in 1942, to Álvaro Pereira, in 1949, to William Creighton Hyler, in 1950, to Alfredo Machado and in March 1990, to Dórdio Leal Guimarães. It was Alfredo Luiz Machado (1904–1989), her "great passion", much older and a widower that marked her personal life (the love letters from the youthful Correia to the much older Machado are themselves literary). Her 1990 marriage to Dórdio Guimarães, at 67 years of age, was much more a marriage of convenience with a collaborator and friend. Natália Correia died in the early morning of 16 March 1993 in Lisbon, of a heart-attack, after returning from the Bar Botequim. In her will, the Azorean bequeathed many of her possessions to the Autonomous Region of the Azores; a permanent exposition in the Public Library and Regional Archive in Ponta Delgada celebrates her literary history. The institution holds many of her literary works (which it shares with the National Library of Lisbon), including many unedited volumes, biographical documents, iconography and correspondence, as well as many works of art her private library.

Literature

*''Grandes Aventuras de um Pequeno Herói'' = ''Great Adventures of A Little Hero'' (infantile romance), 1945 *''Anoiteceu no Bairro'' (romance), 1946 ; 2004 *'' Rio de Nuvens'' (poem), 1947 *''Descobri Que Era Europeia: impressões duma viagem à América'', 1951 ; 2002 *''Sucubina ou a Teoria do Chapéu'' (theatrical), with Manuel de Lima, 1952 *''Poemas'' = ''Poems'' (poem), 1955 *''Dimensão Encontrada'' (poem), 1957 *''O Progresso de Édipo'' (dramatic poem), 1957 *''Passaporte'' = ''Passport'' (poem), 1958 *''Poesia de Arte e Realismo Poético'' (''Art Poems and Poetic Realisms'') (essay), 1959 *'' Comunicação'' = ''Communication'' (dramatic poem), 1959 *''Cântico do País Emerso'' (poem), 1961 *''A Questão Académica de 1907'' (''An Academic Question of 1907'') (essay), 1962 *''Antologia de Poesia Portuguesa Erótica e Satírica: dos cancioneiros medievais à actualidade'' (anthology), 1965 ; 2000 *''O Homúnculo, tragédia jocosa'' (theatrical), 1965 *''Mátria'' (poem), 1967 a *''A Madona'' (romance), 1968 ; 2000 *''O Encoberto'' (theatrical), 1969 ; 1977 *''O Vinho e a Lira'' (poem), 1969 *'' Cantares dos Trovadores Galego-Portugueses'' (anthology), 1970 ; 1998 *''As Maçãs de Orestes'' (poem), 1970 *''Trovas de D. Dinis, robas d'el Rey D. Denis' (poem), 1970 *''A Mosca Iluminada'' (poem), 1972 *'' O Surrealismo na Poesia Portuguesa'' (''The Surrealism in Portuguese Poetry'') (anthology), 1973 ; 2002 *'' A Mulher, antologia poética'' (anthology), 1973 *''O Anjo do Ocidente à Entrada do Ferro'' (poem), 197llc3 *''Uma Estátua para Herodes'' (Ensaio), 1974 *''Poemas a Rebate'', (poem), 1975 *''Epístola aos Iamitas'' (poem), 1976 *''Não Percas a Rosa. Diário e algo mais (25 de Abril de 1974 - 20 de Dezembro de 1975)'' (diary), 1978 ; 2003 *''O Dilúvio e a Pomba'' (poem), 1979 *''Erros Meus, Má Fortuna, Amor Ardente'' (theatrical), 1981 ; 1991 *'' Antologia de Poesia do Período Barroco'' (''Poetic Anthology of the Baroque Period'') (anthology), 1982 *''Notas para uma Introdução às Cantigas de Escárnio e de Mal-Dizer Galego-Portuguesas'' (essay), 1982 *'' A Ilha de Sam Nunca: atlantismo e insularidade na poesia de António de Sousa'' (anthology), 1982 *''A Ilha de Circe'' (''Circe's Island'') (romance), 1983 ; 2001 *''A Pécora'', play written in 1967 (theatrical), 1983 ; 1990 *'' O Armistício'' (poem) = ''The Armistice'', 1985 a *''Onde está o Menino Jesus?'' , 1987 *''Somos Todos Hispanos'' (essay), 1988 ; 2003 *'' Sonetos Românticos'' (''Romantic Sonnets'') (poem), 1990 ; 1991 *''As Núpcias'' (Romance), 1992 *''O Sol nas Noites e o Luar nos Dias'' (''The Sun in the Nights And The Moon During The Days'') (complete poem), 1993 ; 2000 *''Memória da Sombra, versos para esculturas de António Matos'' (poem), 1993l *''D. João e Julieta, peça escrita em 1959'' (theatrical), 1999 *''A Ibericidade na Dramaturgia Portuguesa'' (essay), 2000 *'' Breve História da Mulher e outros escritos'' (anthology), 2003 *'' A Estrela de Cada Um'' (anthology), 2004

References

External links

Info

*(in English
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Correia, Natalia 1923 births 1992 deaths Azorean writers 20th-century Portuguese poets Portuguese essayists Portuguese journalists People from Ponta Delgada Portuguese women essayists Portuguese women poets 20th-century Portuguese women writers Portuguese women novelists 20th-century novelists 20th-century essayists 20th-century journalists