National Radical Organization ( pl, Narodowa Organizacja Radykalna) was a Polish

collaborationist Wartime collaboration is cooperation with the enemy against one's country of citizenship in wartime, and in the words of historian Gerhard Hirschfeld, "is as old as war and the occupation of foreign territory". The term ''collaborator'' dates to t ...

pro-Nazi organization, founded following the 1939

German invasion of Poland The invasion of Poland (1 September – 6 October 1939) was a joint attack on the Republic of Poland by Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union which marked the beginning of World War II. The German invasion began on 1 September 1939, one week afte ...

Andrzej Świetlicki Andrzej Świetlicki (19 April 1915 – 21 June 1940) was a Polish politician, a member of the far-right National Radical Camp Falanga. After the 1939 German invasion of Poland, in October 1939 he formed the collaborationist National Radical Organi ...

and Stanisław Trzeciak. In March 1940, NOR co-organized with Germany a series of assaults on houses and shops of Warsaw Jews, known as the Easter pogrom. During the incidents, NOR representatives appealed to the Polish society to participate in pogroms, to join the organization and to collaborate with the Nazis against the Soviet Union. The organization even justified Poland's defeat in the

September campaign The invasion of Poland (1 September – 6 October 1939) was a joint attack on the Republic of Poland by Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union which marked the beginning of World War II. The German invasion began on 1 September 1939, one week after ...

of 1939 as a fault of the

Sanation Sanation ( pl, Sanacja, ) was a Polish political movement that was created in the interwar period, prior to Józef Piłsudski's May 1926 ''Coup d'État'', and came to power in the wake of that coup. In 1928 its political activists would go on ...

party and accepted the loss of Western lands to Germany. "Attack" was the paramilitary wing of the party, operating especially during the Easter pogrom. They were responsible for marking Aryan stores with the symbol of the Top Cross. The National Radical Organization received from the German military authorities the former premises of the Young Poland Union in Aleja Ujazdowskie in Warsaw,

was assigned the former apartment of

Julian Tuwim Julian Tuwim (13 September 1894 – 27 December 1953), known also under the pseudonym "Oldlen" as a lyricist, was a Polish poet, born in Łódź, then part of the Russian Partition. He was educated in Łódź and in Warsaw where he studied la ...

. NOR was initially supported by the German military administration and military intelligence (

Abwehr The ''Abwehr'' (German for ''resistance'' or ''defence'', but the word usually means ''counterintelligence'' in a military context; ) was the German military-intelligence service for the ''Reichswehr'' and the ''Wehrmacht'' from 1920 to 1944. A ...

and

Gestapo The (), abbreviated Gestapo (; ), was the official secret police of Nazi Germany and in German-occupied Europe. The force was created by Hermann Göring in 1933 by combining the various political police agencies of Prussia into one organi ...

). After the takeover of power by the civil administration of the General Government and after the ban on cooperation with political organizations in Poland issued by Hitler in April 1940, the NOR was deprived of protection and cooperation from the Nazis. In May 1940, Świetlicki was arrested and imprisoned in

Pawiak Pawiak () was a prison built in 1835 in Warsaw, Congress Poland. During the January 1863 Uprising, it served as a transfer camp for Poles sentenced by Imperial Russia to deportation to Siberia. During the World War II German occupation of ...

. On June 20, 1940, he was shot in

Palmiry Palmiry () is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Czosnów, within Nowy Dwór County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It is located at the edge of the Kampinos Forest, approximately south-east of Czosnów, south-eas ...

. Two other NOR activists, Wojciech Kwasieborski and Tadeusz Lipkowski, were also executed in this massacre. Consequently, the NOR was dissolved in June 1940. Trzeciak was executed by the Germans in 1944.

Notable members of the NOR

(1915–1940) * Stanisław Trzeciak (1873–1944) *

Władysław Studnicki Władysław Gizbert-Studnicki, a Polish politician and publicist, was born on 15 November 1867 in Dünaburg, Vitebsk Governorate, Russian Empire (current Latvia), into a Polish szlachta family of the Kresy region. Both his parents fought in t ...

(1867–1953) * Stanisław Brochwicz (1910–1941)

References

{{Authority control National radicalism Fascist organizations Antisemitism in Poland Collaboration with Nazi Germany Polish collaborators with Nazi Germany Political parties established in 1939 Political parties disestablished in 1940 1939 establishments in Poland 1939 disestablishments in Poland Anti-communist organisations in Poland