National Academy Of Fine Arts And Design
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The National Academy of Design is an honorary association of
American American(s) may refer to: * American, something of, from, or related to the United States of America, commonly known as the "United States" or "America" ** Americans, citizens and nationals of the United States of America ** American ancestry, pe ...
artist An artist is a person engaged in an activity related to creating art, practicing the arts, or demonstrating an art. The common usage in both everyday speech and academic discourse refers to a practitioner in the visual arts only. However, th ...
s, founded in New York City in 1825 by Samuel Morse,
Asher Durand Asher Brown Durand (August 21, 1796, – September 17, 1886) was an American painter of the Hudson River School. Early life Durand was born in, and eventually died in, Maplewood, New Jersey (then called Jefferson Village). He was the eighth ...
, Thomas Cole,
Martin E. Thompson Martin Euclid Thompson (1786–1877) was an American architect and artist prolific in nineteenth-century New York City, and a co-founder of the National Academy of Design. Landmarks Preservation Commission (New York City)br>LP-0312 October 12 ...
,
Charles Cushing Wright Charles Cushing Wright (born 1 May 1796, in Damariscotta, Maine, died 7 June 1857, in New York City) was an American engraver and medalist. In 1825 he was a founding member of the National Academy of Design. Art Wright was first apprenticed to a ...
, Ithiel Town, and others "to promote the fine arts in America through instruction and exhibition." Membership is limited to 450 American artists and architects, who are elected by their peers on the basis of recognized excellence.


History

The original founders of the National Academy of Design were students of the American Academy of the Fine Arts. However, by 1825 the students of the American Academy felt a lack of support for teaching from the academy, its board composed of merchants, lawyers, and physicians, and from its unsympathetic president, the painter
John Trumbull John Trumbull (June 6, 1756November 10, 1843) was an American artist of the early independence period, notable for his historical paintings of the American Revolutionary War, of which he was a veteran. He has been called the "Painter of the Rev ...
. Samuel Morse and other students set about forming "the drawing association", to meet several times each week for the study of the art of design. Still, the association was viewed as a dependent organization of the American Academy, from which they felt neglected. An attempt was made to reconcile differences and maintain a single academy by appointing six of the artists from the association as directors of the American Academy. When four of the nominees were not elected, however, the frustrated artists resolved to form a new academy and the National Academy of Design was born. Morse had been a student at the
Royal Academy The Royal Academy of Arts (RA) is an art institution based in Burlington House on Piccadilly in London. Founded in 1768, it has a unique position as an independent, privately funded institution led by eminent artists and architects. Its pur ...
in London and emulated its structure and goals for the National Academy of Design. The mission of the academy, from its foundation, was to "promote the fine arts in America through exhibition and education."Historical Overview
National Academy of Design.
In 2015, the academy struggled with financial hardship. In the next few years, it closed its museum and art school, and created an endowment through the sale of its New York real estate holdings. Today, the academy advocates for the arts as a tool for education, celebrates the role of artists and architects in public life, and serves as a catalyst for cultural conversations that propel society forward. According to the academy, its 450 National Academicians "are professional artists and architects who are elected to membership by their peers annually."


Official names

After three years and some tentative names, in 1828 the academy found its longstanding name "National Academy of Design", under which it was known to one and a half centuries. In 1997, newly appointed director Annette Blaugrund
rebranded Rebranding is a marketing strategy in which a new name, term, symbol, design, concept or combination thereof is created for an established brand with the intention of developing a new, differentiated identity in the minds of consumers, investors ...
the institution as the "National Academy Museum and School of Fine Art", to reflect "a new spirit of integration incorporating the association of artists, museum, and school", and to avoid confusion with the now differently understood term " design". This change was reversed in 2017. * 1825 The New York Drawing Association * 1826 The National Academy of The Arts of Design * 1828 The National Academy of Design * 1997 The National Academy Museum and School of Fine Art * 2017 The National Academy of Design


Locations

The academy occupied several locations in Manhattan over the years. Notable among them was a building on Park Avenue and 23rd Street designed by architect P. B. Wight and built 1863–1865 in a Venetian Gothic style modeled on the
Doge's Palace The Doge's Palace ( it, Palazzo Ducale; vec, Pałaso Dogal) is a palace built in Venetian Gothic style, and one of the main landmarks of the city of Venice in northern Italy. The palace was the residence of the Doge of Venice, the supreme auth ...
in
Venice Venice ( ; it, Venezia ; vec, Venesia or ) is a city in northeastern Italy and the capital of the Veneto Regions of Italy, region. It is built on a group of 118 small islands that are separated by canals and linked by over 400  ...
. Another location was at West 109th Street and Amsterdam Avenue.Cassell, Dewey, with Aaron Sultan and Mike Gartland. ''The Art of George Tuska'' ( TwoMorrows Publishing, 2005), , p. 10 From 1906 to 1941, the academy occupied the American Fine Arts Society building at 215 West 57th Street. From 1942 to 2019, the academy occupied a mansion on
Fifth Avenue Fifth Avenue is a major and prominent thoroughfare in the borough of Manhattan in New York City. It stretches north from Washington Square Park in Greenwich Village to West 143rd Street in Harlem. It is one of the most expensive shopping stre ...
and Eighty-ninth Street, the former home of sculptor Anna Hyatt Huntington and
philanthropist Philanthropy is a form of altruism that consists of "private initiatives, for the Public good (economics), public good, focusing on quality of life". Philanthropy contrasts with business initiatives, which are private initiatives for private goo ...
Archer M. Huntington Archer Milton Huntington (March 10, 1870 – December 11, 1955) was a philanthropist and scholar, primarily known for his contributions to the field of Hispanic Studies. He founded The Hispanic Society of America in New York City, and made n ...
, who donated the house in 1940. Currently, the National Academy of Design shares offices and galleries with the
National Arts Club The National Arts Club is a 501(c)(3) nonprofit and members club on Gramercy Park, Manhattan, New York City. It was founded in 1898 by Charles DeKay, an art and literary critic of the ''New York Times'' to "stimulate, foster, and promote public ...
located inside the historic
Samuel J. Tilden House The Samuel J. Tilden House is a historic townhouse pair at 14-15 Gramercy Park South in Manhattan, New York City. Built in 1845, it was the home of Samuel J. Tilden (1814–1886), former governor of New York, a fierce opponent of the Tweed Ring ...
, 14-15 Gramercy Park South.


Organization and activities

The academy is a professional honorary organization, with a school and a museum. One cannot apply for membership, which since 1994, after many changes in numbers, is limited to 450 American artists and architects. Instead, members are elected by their peers on the basis of recognized excellence. Full members of the National Academy are identified by the post-nominal "NA" (National Academician), associates by "ANA". At the heart of the National Academy is their ever-growing collection. Academicians choose and contribute a work of their own creation, building upon the academy's distinguished legacy. Today, their permanent collection totals over 8,000 works and tells a singular history of American art and architecture as constructed by its creators. The Academy organizes major exhibitions and loans their works to leading institutions around the world, in addition to providing resources that foster scholarship across disciplines.


Notable instructors

Among the teaching staff were numerous artists, including
Will Hicok Low Will Hicok Low (March 31, 1853November 27, 1932) or Will Hicock Low was an American artist, muralist, and writer on art. Biography He was born at Albany, New York. In 1873 he entered the atelier of Jean-Léon Gérôme in the École des Beaux Art ...
, who taught from 1889 to 1892. Another was Charles Louis Hinton, whose long tenure started in 1901. The famous American poet William Cullen Bryant also gave lectures. Architect Alexander Jackson Davis taught at the academy. Painter Lemuel Wilmarth was the first full-time instructor.
Silas Dustin Silas Dustin (1855 – 1940) was an artist, art dealer and curator of the National Academy of Design in New York Biography Dustin was born in Richmond, Ohio although he is known as a California painter. He studied under William Merritt Chase in Ne ...
was a curator.


Notable members

* Marina Abramović *
Benjamin Abramowitz Benjamin Abramowitz (also known as "Ben Hoffman" during the late 1930s and early 1940s) was an American painter, printmaker, and sculptor. First recognized for his contribution at age 19 as senior artist with the Federal Art Project of the Work ...
* James Henry Beard * Edwin Blashfield *
William Jay Bolton William Jay Bolton (31 August 1816 – 28 May 1884) was the first artist in the United States to design and manufacture figural stained glass windows.Clark, p. 40 ''Bolton was now prepared to undertake a larger project, an impressive array ...
* Lee Bontecou *
Stanley Boxer Stanley Boxer (1926-May 8, 2000) was an American artist best known for thickly painted abstract works of art. He was also an accomplished sculptor and printmaker. He received awards from the Guggenheim Fellowship and the National Endowment for ...
* Walker O. Cain * John F. Carlson * Vija Celmins *
William Merritt Chase William Merritt Chase (November 1, 1849October 25, 1916) was an American painter, known as an exponent of Impressionism and as a teacher. He is also responsible for establishing the Chase School, which later would become Parsons School of Design. ...
*
Frederic Edwin Church Frederic Edwin Church (May 4, 1826 – April 7, 1900) was an American landscape painter born in Hartford, Connecticut. He was a central figure in the Hudson River School of American landscape painters, best known for painting large landscapes, ...
*
Chuck Close Charles Thomas Close (July 5, 1940 – August 19, 2021) was an American painter, visual artist, and photographer who made massive-scale photorealist and abstract portraits of himself and others. Close also created photo portraits using a very l ...
* Thomas Cole * Colin Campbell Cooper *
Leon Dabo Leon Dabo (July 9, 1864 – November 7, 1960) was an American tonalist landscape artist best known for his paintings of New York, particularly the Hudson Valley. His paintings were known for their feeling of spaciousness, with large areas of the ...
*
Cyrus Dallin Cyrus Edwin Dallin (November 22, 1861 – November 14, 1944) was an American sculptor best known for his depictions of Native Americans. He created more than 260 works, including the ''Equestrian Statue of Paul Revere'' in Boston, Massac ...
*
William Parsons Winchester Dana William Parsons Winchester Dana (18 February 1833 – 8 April 1927) was an American artist who settled in France. Later he emigrated to London, and became a naturalised British Subject. His paintings were generally small, painted with oils on can ...
*
Charles Harold Davis Charles Harold Davis (7 January 1856 – 5 August 1933) was an American landscape painter. Biography He was born at Amesbury, Massachusetts. A pupil of the schools of the Boston Museum of Fine Arts, he was sent to Paris in 1880. Having studi ...
*
Henry Golden Dearth Henry Golden Dearth (22 April 1864 – 27 March 1918) was a distinguished American painter who studied in Paris and continued to spend his summers in France painting in the Normandy region. He would return to New York in winter, and became know ...
*
Jose de Creeft José Mariano de Creeft (November 27, 1884 - September 11, 1982) was a Spanish-born American artist, sculptor, and teacher known for modern sculpture in stone, metal, and wood, particularly figural works of women. His 16 ft bronze ''Alice i ...
* Richard Diebenkorn *
William Henry Drake Sir William Henry Drake, , (29 September 1812 – 28 January 1882) was a British public servant and Colonial Treasurer of Western Australia. Drake was the son of John Drake of Exmouth, Devon, Deputy Commissary-General, by Maria, daughter of Geor ...
* Thomas Eakins *
Lydia Field Emmet Lydia Field Emmet (January 23, 1866 – August 16, 1952) was an American artist best known for her work as a portraitist. She studied with, among others, prominent artists such as William Merritt Chase, Harry Siddons Mowbray, Kenyon Cox and Tony ...
* Herbert Ferber *
Bruce Fowle Bruce Fowle is an American architect. He co-founded Fox & Fowle Architects in 1978 and is now Founding Principal Emeritus at FXCollaborative. Fowle's work ranges from high-rise, multi-use complexes to cultural institutions and private homes. Fowl ...
* Helen Frankenthaler * Gilbert Franklin *
Daniel Chester French Daniel Chester French (April 20, 1850 – October 7, 1931) was an American sculptor of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, best known for his 1874 sculpture ''The Minute Man'' in Concord, Massachusetts, and his 1920 monume ...
* Frederick Carl Frieseke * Sonia Gechtoff *
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*
Paul Georges Paul Gordon Georges (June 15, 1923 – April 16, 2002) was an American painter. He painted large-scale figurative allegories and numerous self-portraits. In January 1966, the cover of ''Art News'' featured Georges' painting ''In The Studio'' ...
*
Arthur Hill Gilbert Arthur Hill Gilbert (June 10, 1893 – April 1970http://www.genealogybank.com/gbnk/ssdi/doc/news/112D8289724F81D4) was an American Impressionist painter, notable as one of the practitioners of the California-style. Today, he is remembered for ...
* Aaron Goodelman * Hardie Gramatky * Horatio Greenough * Red Grooms *
Armin Hansen Armin Hansen (1886–1957), a native of San Francisco, was a prominent American painter of the en plein air school, best known for his marine canvases. His father Herman Wendelborg Hansen was also a famous artist of the American West. The young ...
* L. Birge Harrison *
Edward Lamson Henry Edward Lamson Henry (January 12, 1841May 9, 1919), commonly known as E.L. Henry, was an American genre painter, born in Charleston, South Carolina. Early life Though born in Charleston, by age seven his parents had died and Henry moved to live ...
*
Itshak Holtz Itshak Jack Holtz ( he, יצחק הולץ; also known as Itzhak Holtz and Issac Holtz; 1925-2018)Dovid Margolin, "Gazing Toward Yerushalayim: The life and art of Itshak Holtz," ''Hamodia, Inyan'', August 22, 2011, pp. 30-35. was a Polish-born and ...
* Winslow Homer *
Cecil de Blaquiere Howard Cecil de Blaquiere Howard, sometimes Cecil Howard, (April 2, 1888 – September 5, 1956), born in Clifton, Welland County, Ontario, Canada (today Niagara Falls) was an American painter and sculptor. The sculptor devoted his work to the presentat ...
*
George Inness George Inness (May 1, 1825 – August 3, 1894) was a prominent United States, American landscape painting, landscape painter. Now recognized as one of the most influential American artists of the nineteenth century, Inness was influenced b ...
* Jasper Johns *
Frank Tenney Johnson Frank Tenney Johnson (June 26, 1874 – January 1, 1939) was a painter of the Old American West, and he popularized a style of painting cowboys which became known as "The Johnson Moonlight Technique". ''Somewhere on the Range'' is an examp ...
* Lester Johnson *
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* Charles Keck * Ellsworth Kelly *
Greta Kempton Martha Greta Kempton (March 22, 1901 – December 9, 1991) was the White House artist during the Harry S. Truman, Truman administration. Biography Kempton was born in Vienna and came to the United States in the 1920s. She studied at the Vi ...
*
Everett Raymond Kinstler Everett Raymond Kinstler (August 5, 1926 – May 26, 2019) was an American artist, whose official portraits include Presidents Gerald Ford and Ronald Reagan.Chaim Koppelman * Leo Lentelli * Emanuel Leutze * Hayley Lever * Maya Lin * Frank Lobdell * Evelyn Beatrice Longman * Frederick William Macmonnies *
Knox Martin Knox Martin (February 12, 1923 – May 15, 2022) was an American painter, sculptor, and muralist. Born in Barranquilla, Colombia, he studied at the Art Students League of New York from 1946 until 1950. He was one of the leading members of the N ...
* Jervis McEntee * Michael Mazur *
Gari Melchers Julius Garibaldi Melchers (August 11, 1860 – November 30, 1932) was an American artist. He was one of the leading American proponents of Naturalism (art), naturalism. He won a 1932 Gold medal from the American Academy of Arts and Letters. Bio ...
*
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*
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*
F. Luis Mora Francis Luis Mora (July 27, 1874 – June 5, 1940) was a Uruguayan-born American figural painter. Mora worked in watercolor, oils and tempera. He produced drawings in pen and ink, and graphite; and etchings and monotypes. He is known for his pain ...
*
Henry Siddons Mowbray Harry Siddons Mowbray (August 5, 1858 – 1928) was an American artist. He executed various painting commissions for J.P. Morgan, F.W. Vanderbilt, and other clients. He served as director of the American Academy in Rome from 1902–1904. Bio ...
*
John Mulvany John Mulvany (c. 1839 – 1906) was an Irish born American artist best known as an artist of the American West who painted the first large (11ftx21ft) image of General Custer’s defeat by the Oglala Sioux Indians at Little Big Horn in 1876. ...
*
David Dalhoff Neal David Dalhoff Neal (October 20, 1838May 2, 1915), was an American artist. Early years David Dalhoff Neal was born to father Stephen Bryant Neal and mother Mary (Dalhoff) Neal, on Middlesex Street, in Lowell, Massachusetts. His grandparents were ...
*
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* Eliot Noyes *
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*
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* William Page * Philip Pearlstein *
I. M. Pei Ieoh Ming Pei
– website of Pei Cobb Freed & Partners
( ; ; April 26, 1917 – May 16, 2019) was ...
*
John Thomas Peele John Thomas Peele (1822-1897) was a British painter specializing in portraits, landscapes, and genre scenes. Born in Peterborough, Northamptonshire, Peele immigrated to America with his parents in about 1834. The family settled in Buffalo, Ne ...
* Judy Pfaff * Renzo Piano *
William Lamb Picknell William Lamb Picknell (October 23, 1853 – August 8, 1897) was an American painter of landscapes, coastal views, and figure genres, known for his rapid painting style. He was born in Hinesburg, Vermont and died in Marblehead, Massachusetts. ...
* Albin Polasek * Alfred Easton Poor *
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* Alexander Phimister Proctor *
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*
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*
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*
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*
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*
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* Dorothea Rockburne * Norman Rockwell *
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*
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*
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* Augustus Saint-Gaudens *
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*
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* Emily Maria Scott * Richard Serra *
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*
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*
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*
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* Cindy Sherman * William Siegel *
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* Nancy Spero * Frederic Dorr Steele * Theodore Clement Steele * Frank Stella *
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*
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*
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*
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* Henry Ossawa Tanner *
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* Louis Comfort Tiffany * Cy Twombly * Edward Charles Volkert * Robert Vonnoh *
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* John Quincy Adams Ward * Harry Watrous * Carrie Mae Weems *
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*
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*
Carleton Wiggins Carleton Wiggins NA (1848–1932) was an American landscape and cattle painter. He was born in Turner, Orange County, New York,
*
Guy Carleton Wiggins Guy Carleton Wiggins NA (February 23, 1883 – April 25, 1962) was an American impressionist painter. He was the president of the Connecticut Academy of Fine Arts, and a member of the Old Lyme Art Colony. He did many paintings of New York City's ...
* Anita Willets-Burnham * Frank Lloyd Wright * Jimmy Wright * Dorothy Weir Young *
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* William Penn Morgan


See also

*
American Watercolor Society The American Watercolor Society, founded in 1866, is a nonprofit membership organization devoted to the advancement of watercolor painting in the United States. Qualifications AWS judges the work of a painter before granting admission to the soc ...
(located within the National Academy of Design) *
Effects of the financial crisis of 2007–2009 on museums Art museums in the United States and the United Kingdom have been hit especially hard by the 2008–2012 global recession. Dwindling Financial endowment, endowments from wealthy patrons forced some museums to make difficult and controversial deci ...
* List of museums and cultural institutions in New York City


References


External links

*
Virtual tour of the National Academy of Design
provided by
Google Arts & Culture Google Arts & Culture (formerly Google Art Project) is an online platform of high-resolution images and videos of artworks and cultural artifacts from partner cultural organizations throughout the world. It utilizes high-resolution image technol ...
{{DEFAULTSORT:National Academy Of Design 1825 establishments in New York (state) Art museums established in 1825 Art museums and galleries in New York City Art schools in New York City Design museums in New York (state) Museums in Manhattan Learned societies of the United States Academies of arts Organizations established in 1825 Venetian Gothic architecture in the United States Upper East Side Fifth Avenue 23rd Street (Manhattan) Clubs and societies in New York City