Subcarpathian Voivodeship
Subcarpathian Voivodeship or Subcarpathia Province (in pl, Województwo podkarpackie ) is a voivodeship, or province, in the southeastern corner of Poland. Its administrative capital and largest city is Rzeszów. Along with the Marshall, it i ...
, in
Lubaczów County
__NOTOC__
Lubaczów County ( pl, powiat lubaczowski) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Subcarpathian Voivodeship, south-eastern Poland, on the border with Ukraine. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a r ...
,
Poland
Poland, officially the Republic of Poland, is a country in Central Europe. It is divided into 16 administrative provinces called voivodeships, covering an area of . Poland has a population of over 38 million and is the fifth-most populou ...
. It had a population of 2,109 . Narol is situated in the northeast of Podkarpackie region, in an area called Narolszczyzna. The town of Narol regained the rank of 'city' in 1996.
History
The Bełżecki (Beuzhetski) family owned the area where the town of Narol is situated. At the end of the 15th century the lands changed ownership to the Marcinkowski Family. Narol was first called Florianów (Florianoov), from the name of Florian Łaszcz Nieledowski, who founded the town in 1596. Narol flourished because of trade with Gdańsk.
The army of the cossack Bohdan Khmelnytsky (c. 1595–1657) attacked the town on their way to
Zamość
Zamość (; yi, זאמאשטש, Zamoshtsh; la, Zamoscia) is a historical city in southeastern Poland. It is situated in the southern part of Lublin Voivodeship, about from Lublin, from Warsaw. In 2021, the population of Zamość was 62,021.
...
. After a few days of siege, the town was overrun and burned to the ground by Khmelnytsky's forces. Twenty thousand people died during those fights, among them Florian Łaszcz, the owner of the town. A new town was built, somewhat west of the original location, "on a field" - hence "na roli". The new settlement assumed the new name Narol. In 1672 a great
Hetman
( uk, гетьман, translit=het'man) is a political title from Central and Eastern Europe, historically assigned to military commanders.
Used by the Czechs in Bohemia since the 15th century. It was the title of the second-highest military co ...
,
John Sobieski
John III Sobieski ( pl, Jan III Sobieski; lt, Jonas III Sobieskis; la, Ioannes III Sobiscius; 17 August 1629 – 17 June 1696) was King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania from 1674 until his death in 1696.
Born into Polish nobility, Sobi ...
, won a battle against the
Tatars
The Tatars ()Tatar in the Collins English Dictionary is an umbrella term for different
nearby. Later Sobieski became the
Polish king
Poland was ruled at various times either by dukes and princes (10th to 14th centuries) or by kings (11th to 18th centuries). During the latter period, a tradition of free election of monarchs made it a uniquely electable position in Europe (16th ...
.
Count Łoś
In 1758 Felix Anthony Łoś (1737–1804) became the owner of Narol and a deputy and a general of the king's army. He opened a factory and a school in Narol. In 1776, he began constructing a palace in the form of a horseshoe (the
coat of arms
A coat of arms is a heraldic visual design on an escutcheon (i.e., shield), surcoat, or tabard (the latter two being outer garments). The coat of arms on an escutcheon forms the central element of the full heraldic achievement, which in its ...
of Łoś family).
Near the palace there was an
Italian
Italian(s) may refer to:
* Anything of, from, or related to the people of Italy over the centuries
** Italians, an ethnic group or simply a citizen of the Italian Republic or Italian Kingdom
** Italian language, a Romance language
*** Regional Ita ...
style garden. Count Łoś was an avid collector of old writings, correspondence and manuscripts, and paintings of the Italian and
Dutch
Dutch commonly refers to:
* Something of, from, or related to the Netherlands
* Dutch people ()
* Dutch language ()
Dutch may also refer to:
Places
* Dutch, West Virginia, a community in the United States
* Pennsylvania Dutch Country
People E ...
schools. He accumulated one of the largest libraries in Poland at that time. He founded a drama and music school for children from more affluent families, which was located on premises of the palace. The palace was considered one of the most beautiful palaces in the whole country. After the death of Count Łoś, all of the collection was lost, with most of the library ending up in the hands of Count Jakub Potocki. In 1935 the books were donated to a public library in Warsaw.
Recent events
During the January Uprising (1863), the Palace in Narol was burned down by the Austrian army. Julian Puzyna, its later owner, rebuilt it. But during
World War I
World War I (28 July 1914 11 November 1918), often abbreviated as WWI, was one of the deadliest global conflicts in history. Belligerents included much of Europe, the Russian Empire, the United States, and the Ottoman Empire, with fightin ...
, Narol was burned down again and all the valuable things in the palace were removed by the
Russian Army
The Russian Ground Forces (russian: Сухопутные войска ВSukhoputnyye voyska V}), also known as the Russian Army (, ), are the land forces of the Russian Armed Forces.
The primary responsibilities of the Russian Ground Force ...
. The last owner was Jadwiga Korytowska. She rebuilt parts of the palace and owned it until September 1939. During World War II, a small German Wehrmacht detachment was stationed in the palace.
After
World War II
World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—forming two opposing ...
the palace was robbed and destroyed by the Red Army. The land was nationalized by the communist government and divided between "The National Fund for Land", "The State Forests", and "The State Agricultural Farm". They took over the remains of the palace and used it as storage space for fertilizers. PGR (State Agricultural Farm) was assumed by the company "IGLOOPOL" and another organization. Following the downfall of "IGLOOPOL" the property was taken over by the National Farming Agency.
In 1995 the palace and its surroundings became private property again. It now belongs to a Foundation, "Pro Academia Narolense", which was established to help reconstruct the palace. It now serves as a retreat for nationally renowned artists.
Notable people
* Moshe Yirmiya Hakohen, Born in Kremnitz, was the town rabbi in Narol until the Pogroms of 1648 and then chief rabbi of
Metz
Metz ( , , lat, Divodurum Mediomatricorum, then ) is a city in northeast France located at the confluence of the Moselle and the Seille rivers. Metz is the prefecture of the Moselle department and the seat of the parliament of the Grand ...
in France. Author of Birkas Tov .
* Moses Kohn, Polish Jewish physician
*
Nathan Handwerker
Nathan Handwerker (June 14, 1892 – March 24, 1974)Nathan Handwerker at the United States , born in shtetl that formerly abutted Christian portion of the town. Founder of
Nathan's Famous
Nathan's Famous, Inc. is an American company that operates a chain of fast food restaurants specializing in hot dogs. The original Nathan's restaurant stands at the corner of Surf and Stillwell Avenues in the Coney Island neighborhood of the B ...
.
*
Tobias Cohn
Tobias Cohn or Tobias Kohn (in Hebrew, Toviyyah ben Moshe ha-Kohen, Tuvia Harofeh - Tuvia the doctor; in Polish, Tobiasz Kohn) (also referred to as Toviyah Kats) (1652-1729) was a Polish-Jewish physician of the seventeenth and eighteenth centurie ...
('' pl, Tobiasz Kohn, Toviyyah ben Moshe ha-Kohen'') (1652–1729), a Polish-Jewish physician; born at Metz
* Narol dynasty and
Shapira Shapira is a surname, and may refer to:
* Amitzur Shapira, Israeli runner and track and field coach killed in the 1972 Munich massacre
* Amos Shapira, Israeli former President of El Al Airlines, Cellcom, and the University of Haifa
* Anita Shapir ...