The nares-jux (нарс-юх) or Siberian lyre
is a musical instrument, a type of box-
lyre
The lyre () is a stringed musical instrument that is classified by Hornbostel–Sachs as a member of the lute-family of instruments. In organology, a lyre is considered a yoke lute, since it is a lute in which the strings are attached to a yoke ...
, played by the peoples of the
Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug
Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug–Yugra (Russian and Mansi: Ханты-Мансийский автономный округ — Югра, ''Khanty-Mansiysky avtonomny okrug — Yugra;'' Khanty: Хӑнты-Мансийской Aвтономной ...
of Russian
Siberia
Siberia ( ; rus, Сибирь, r=Sibir', p=sʲɪˈbʲirʲ, a=Ru-Сибирь.ogg) is an extensive geographical region, constituting all of North Asia, from the Ural Mountains in the west to the Pacific Ocean in the east. It has been a part of ...
.
Etymology
The Ostyak (
Khanty people
The Khanty (Khanty: ханти, ''hanti''), also known in older literature as Ostyaks (russian: остяки) are a Ugric indigenous people, living in Khanty–Mansi Autonomous Okrug, a region historically known as "Yugra" in Russia, together ...
) term the instrument ''nares-jux'', meaning "musical wood"
or "singing tree"
in the
Khanty language
Khanty (also spelled Khanti or Hanti), previously known as Ostyak (), is a Uralic language spoken by the Khanty people, primarily in the Khanty–Mansi and Yamalo-Nenets autonomous okrugs and the Aleksandrovsky and Kargosoksky districts of Tom ...
. The same instrument is played by the
Mansi people
The Mansi (Mansi: Мāньси / Мāньси мāхум, ''Māńsi / Māńsi māhum'', ) are a Ugric indigenous people living in Khanty–Mansia, an autonomous okrug within Tyumen Oblast in Russia. In Khanty–Mansia, the Khanty and Mansi lan ...
(formerly known as ''Vogul''), and is known as sangkultap (or ''sangvyltap'', санквылтап) in the
Vogul language
The Mansi languages are spoken by the Mansi people in Russia along the Ob River and its tributaries, in the Khanty–Mansi Autonomous Okrug, and Sverdlovsk Oblast. Traditionally considered a single language, they constitute a branch of the Ural ...
.
Various names and spellings include: ''naresyuk'', ''nars-yukh'',
''naras-yux'', ''nars-juh'', ''nares-yuk'', possibly ''nanus''
''narsus'',
''panan-juh'', or ''shongoort''.
Construction and playing
In the traditional form, the hollow body of the instrument is carved from a single piece of wood (fir or cedar) around 100 cm long. One end is pointed and the other is forked into two arms which carry a crossbar to hold the tuning mechanism. The soundboard is around 0.5 cm in thickness and covers the whole of the body except the forked end. A bridge is fitted, towards the pointed end of the body. A soundpost is fitted inside the instrument, between the back of the body and the soundboard, to provide support at the position of the bridge. There are typically five strings of tendon or gut. Wood or bone tuning levers are used to tension the strings by pulling them around the crossbar.
The strings are tuned diatonically, to a major or minor pentachord.
These lyres are also distinguished by the placing of pebbles within the resonating body, causing a rattle.
Modern examples may have metal strings, an increased number of strings, tuning pegs or pins, and a body which lacks the forked end.
The nares-jux is played with a blocking technique: the player strums the strings with the right hand and uses the fingers of the left hand to damp those strings which are not intended to sound.
See also
*
Khutang
The Khutang (literally translated to "swan", also called Ostyak harp, ''Kiotang, Sotang'', ''Shotang'') is a type of harp played by the Khanty and Mansi people of Siberia. The Khutang and the Nares-jux lyre are the only two indigenous string instr ...
, an arched-angular lap-harp of the Khanty and Mansi
*
Tonkori
The is a plucked string instrument played by the Ainu people of Hokkaidō, northern Japan and Sakhalin. It generally has five strings, which are not stopped or fretted but simply played "open". The instrument is believed to have been developed ...
, a similarly-shaped long five-string zither of the
Ainu people
The Ainu are the indigenous people of the lands surrounding the Sea of Okhotsk, including Hokkaido Island, Northeast Honshu Island, Sakhalin Island, the Kuril Islands, the Kamchatka Peninsula and Khabarovsk Krai, before the arrival of the Y ...
of northern Japan
References
{{Use dmy dates, date=March 2017
Lyres
Russian musical instruments
Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug