''Napaeus'' is a
genus
Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus com ...
of air-breathing
land snail
A land snail is any of the numerous species of snail that live on land, as opposed to the sea snails and freshwater snails. ''Land snail'' is the common name for terrestrial gastropod mollusks that have shells (those without shells are known as ...
s,
terrestrial
Terrestrial refers to things related to land or the planet Earth.
Terrestrial may also refer to:
* Terrestrial animal, an animal that lives on land opposed to living in water, or sometimes an animal that lives on or near the ground, as opposed to ...
pulmonate
Pulmonata or pulmonates, is an informal group (previously an order, and before that a subclass) of snails and slugs characterized by the ability to breathe air, by virtue of having a pallial lung instead of a gill, or gills. The group includ ...
gastropod
The gastropods (), commonly known as snails and slugs, belong to a large taxonomic class of invertebrates within the phylum Mollusca called Gastropoda ().
This class comprises snails and slugs from saltwater, from freshwater, and from land. T ...
mollusk
Mollusca is the second-largest phylum of invertebrate animals after the Arthropoda, the members of which are known as molluscs or mollusks (). Around 85,000 extant species of molluscs are recognized. The number of fossil species is e ...
s in the subfamily Eninae of the family
Enidae
Enidae is a family of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks. MolluscaBase eds. (2020). MolluscaBase. Enidae B. B. Woodward, 1903 (1880). Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: http://www.marinespecies ...
.
[MolluscaBase eds. (2021). MolluscaBase. Napaeus Albers, 1850. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=762701 on 2021-08-31]
Distribution
''Napaeus'' is endemic to the
Macaronesia
Macaronesia (Portuguese: ''Macaronésia,'' Spanish: ''Macaronesia'') is a collection of four volcanic archipelagos in the North Atlantic, off the coasts of Africa and Europe. Each archipelago is made up of a number of List of islands in the At ...
ecoregion:
Azores
)
, motto =( en, "Rather die free than subjected in peace")
, anthem= ( en, "Anthem of the Azores")
, image_map=Locator_map_of_Azores_in_EU.svg
, map_alt=Location of the Azores within the European Union
, map_caption=Location of the Azores wi ...
and
Canary Islands
The Canary Islands (; es, Canarias, ), also known informally as the Canaries, are a Spanish autonomous community and archipelago in the Atlantic Ocean, in Macaronesia. At their closest point to the African mainland, they are west of Morocc ...
.
[Allgaier C. (2007). "Active Camouflage with Lichens in a Terrestrial Snail, ''Napaeus'' (''N.'') ''barquini'' Alonso and Ibáñez, 2006 (Gastropoda, Pulmonata, Enidae)". '']Zoological Science
''Zoological Science'' is a peer-reviewed scientific journal published by the Zoological Society of Japan covering the broad field of zoology. The journal was established in 1984 as a result of the merger of the ''Zoological Magazine'' (1888-1983) ...
'' 24(9): 869–876. .
Species
There are three recognized subgenera, ''Macaronapaeus''
Kobelt, 1899, ''Napaeus''
Albers, 1850 and ''Napaeinus''
Hesse, 1933.
Species within the genus ''Napaeus'' include 18 species on the Tenerife,
17 species
on the La Gomera and others. Additionally, 11 new species from the Canary Islands were described in 2011.
* ''
Napaeus alabastrinus''
Frias Martins, 1989
* ''
Napaeus alucensis''
Santana & Yanes, 2011- on La Gomera
* ''
Napaeus anaga''
(Grasset, 1857)
* ''
Napaeus aringaensis
''Napaeus'' is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the subfamily Eninae of the family Enidae.MolluscaBase eds. (2021). MolluscaBase. Napaeus Albers, 1850. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Sp ...
''
Yanes ''et al.'', 2011[Yanes Y., Santana J., Artiles M., Deniz F., Martin J., Alonso M. R. & Ibanez M. (2011). "Five new ''Napaeus'' species (Gastropoda: Pulmonata: Enidae) from Gran Canaria and El Hierro (Canary Islands)." ''Zootaxa'' 2901: 35–51]
abstract
* ''
Napaeus atlanticus''
(L. Pfeiffer, 1853)
* ''
Napaeus avaloensis
''Napaeus'' is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the subfamily Eninae of the family Enidae.MolluscaBase eds. (2021). MolluscaBase. Napaeus Albers, 1850. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Sp ...
''
Groh, 2006
* ''
Napaeus badiosus
''Napaeus'' is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the subfamily Eninae of the family Enidae.MolluscaBase eds. (2021). MolluscaBase. Napaeus Albers, 1850. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Sp ...
''
(Webb & Berthelot, 1833)
* ''
Napaeus baeticatus
''Napaeus'' is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the subfamily Eninae of the family Enidae.MolluscaBase eds. (2021). MolluscaBase. Napaeus Albers, 1850. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Sp ...
''
(Webb & Berthelot, 1833) - type species
* ''
Napaeus barquini
''Napaeus barquini'' is a species of air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Enidae.
Endemic fauna of the Canary Islands
Distribution
This species is endemic to La Gomera in the Canary Islands.
Eco ...
''
Alonso & Ibáñez, 2006[Alonso M. R., Goodacre S. L., Emerson B. C., Ibáñez M., Hutterer R. & Groh K. (2006). "Canarian land snail diversity: conflict between anatomical and molecular data on the phylogenetic placement of five new species of ''Napaeus'' (Gastropoda, Pulmonata, Enidae)". '']Biological Journal of the Linnean Society
The ''Biological Journal of the Linnean Society'' is a direct descendant of the oldest biological journal in the world, the ''Transactions of the Linnean Society''. It succeeded the earlier title in 1969. The journal specializes in evolution, and ...
'' 89: 169–187. .
* ''
Napaeus bechi
''Napaeus'' is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the subfamily Eninae of the family Enidae.MolluscaBase eds. (2021). MolluscaBase. Napaeus Albers, 1850. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Sp ...
''
M. R. Alonso & Ibáñez, 1993
* ''
Napaeus beguirae
''Napaeus'' is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the subfamily Eninae of the family Enidae.MolluscaBase eds. (2021). MolluscaBase. Napaeus Albers, 1850. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Sp ...
''
Henríquez, 1995
* ''
Napaeus bertheloti
''Napaeus'' is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the subfamily Eninae of the family Enidae.MolluscaBase eds. (2021). MolluscaBase. Napaeus Albers, 1850. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Sp ...
''
(L. Pfeiffer, 1846)
* ''
Napaeus boucheti
''Napaeus'' is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the subfamily Eninae of the family Enidae.MolluscaBase eds. (2021). MolluscaBase. Napaeus Albers, 1850. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Sp ...
''
M. R. Alonso & Ibáñez, 1993
* ''
Napaeus chrysaloides
''Napaeus'' is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the subfamily Eninae of the family Enidae.MolluscaBase eds. (2021). MolluscaBase. Napaeus Albers, 1850. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Sp ...
''
(Wollaston, 1878)
* ''
Napaeus consecoanus
''Napaeus'' is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the subfamily Eninae of the family Enidae.MolluscaBase eds. (2021). MolluscaBase. Napaeus Albers, 1850. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Sp ...
''
(Mousson, 1872)
* ''
Napaeus delibutus
''Napaeus'' is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the subfamily Eninae of the family Enidae.MolluscaBase eds. (2021). MolluscaBase. Napaeus Albers, 1850. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Sp ...
''
(Morelet & Drouët, 1857)
* ''
Napaeus delicatus
''Napaeus'' is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the subfamily Eninae of the family Enidae.MolluscaBase eds. (2021). MolluscaBase. Napaeus Albers, 1850. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Sp ...
''
Alonso, Yanes & Ibáñez, 2011[Holyoak G. A., Holyoak D. T., Yanes Y., Alonso M. R., Ibanez M. (2011). "Two new ''Napaeus'' species from La Gomera and La Palma (Canary Islands) (Gastropoda: Pulmonata: Enidae) ". '']Archiv für Molluskenkunde
''Archiv für Molluskenkunde'' is a peer-reviewed scientific journal published by the Senckenberg Nature Research Society, covering research in malacology.
Coverage
''Archiv für Molluskenkunde'' publishes original research on all aspects of mo ...
'' 140(1): 37–48. .
* ''
Napaeus doliolum
''Napaeus'' is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk
Mollusca is the second-largest phylum of invertebrate animals after the Arthropoda, the members of which are known as molluscs or mollusks (). ...
''
Henríquez, 1993
* ''
Napaeus doloresae''
Santana, 2013
* ''
Napaeus elegans''
M. R. Alonso & Ibáñez, 1995
* ''
Napaeus encaustus''
(Shuttleworth, 1852)
* ''
Napaeus esbeltus''
Ibáñez & M. R. Alonso, 1995
* ''
Napaeus estherae''
Artiles, 2013
* ''
Napaeus exilis''
Henríquez, 1995
* ''
Napaeus gomerensis''
G. A. Holyoak & D. T. Holyoak, 2011 - on La Gomera
* ''
Napaeus grohi''
Yanes ''et al.'', 2011
* ''
Napaeus gruereanus''
(Grasset, 1857)
* ''
Napaeus hartungi''
(Morelet & Drouët, 1857)
* ''
Napaeus helvolus''
(Webb & Berthelot, 1833)
* ''
Napaeus huttereri''
Henríquez, 1991
* ''
Napaeus indifferens''
(Mousson, 1872)
* ''
Napaeus inflatiusculus''
(Wollaston, 1878)
* ''
Napaeus interpunctatus''
(Wollaston, 1878)
* ''
Napaeus isletae
''Napaeus isletae'' is a species of air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Enidae. This species is endemic to Spain
, image_flag = Bandera de España.svg
, image_coat = Escudo ...
''
Groh & Ibanez, 1992
* ''
Napaeus josei''
Yanes ''et al.'', 2011
* ''
Napaeus lajaensis''
Castillo ''et al.'', 2006[Castillo C., Yanes Y., Alonso M. R. & Ibáñez M. (2006). "''Napaeus lajaensis'' sp. nov. (Gastropoda: Pulmonata: Enidae) from a Quaternary Aeolian deposit of Northeast Tenerife, Canary Islands". '']Zootaxa
''Zootaxa'' is a peer-reviewed scientific mega journal for animal taxonomists. It is published by Magnolia Press (Auckland, New Zealand). The journal was established by Zhi-Qiang Zhang in 2001 and new issues are published multiple times a week. ...
'' 1307: 41–54.
* ''
Napaeus lichenicola''
M. R. Alonso & Ibáñez, 2007
* ''
Napaeus maculatus
''Napaeus'' is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the subfamily Eninae of the family Enidae.MolluscaBase eds. (2021). MolluscaBase. Napaeus Albers, 1850. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Sp ...
''
Goodacre, 2006
* ''
Napaeus maffioteanus
''Napaeus'' is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the subfamily Eninae of the family Enidae.MolluscaBase eds. (2021). MolluscaBase. Napaeus Albers, 1850. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Sp ...
''
(Mousson, 1872)
* ''
Napaeus magnus''
Yanes, Deniz, M. R. Alonso & Ibáñez, 2013
* ''
Napaeus minimus''
Holyoak & Holyoak, 2011
* ''
Napaeus moquinianus''
(Webb & Berthelot, 1833)
* ''
Napaeus moroi
''Napaeus'' is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the subfamily Eninae of the family Enidae.MolluscaBase eds. (2021). MolluscaBase. Napaeus Albers, 1850. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Sp ...
''
Martín, Alonso & Ibáñez, 2011 - La Gomera
[Yanes Y., Martín J., Santana J., Holyoak G. A., Holyoak D. T., Artiles M., Deniz F. et al. & Ibáñez M. (2011). "Four new ''Napaeus'' species (Gastropoda: Pulmonata: Enidae) from La Gomera (Canary Islands)". '']Journal of Conchology
The ''Journal of Conchology'' is a peer-reviewed scientific journal published by The Conchological Society of Great Britain and Ireland, covering research in conchology and malacology. It claims to be the world's oldest continuing publication on t ...
'' 40(4): 393–407
abstract
* ''
Napaeus myosotis''
(Webb & Berthelot, 1833)
* ''
Napaeus nanodes''
Shuttleworth, 1852
* ''
Napaeus obesatus
''Napaeus'' is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the subfamily Eninae of the family Enidae.MolluscaBase eds. (2021). MolluscaBase. Napaeus Albers, 1850. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Sp ...
''
(Webb & Berthelot, 1833)
* ''
Napaeus ocellatus''
(Mousson, 1872)
* ''
Napaeus orientalis''
Henríquez, 1995
* ''
Napaeus ornamentatus''
Moro, 2009
* ''
Napaeus osoriensis
''Napaeus'' is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the subfamily Eninae of the family Enidae.MolluscaBase eds. (2021). MolluscaBase. Napaeus Albers, 1850. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Sp ...
''
(Wollaston, 1878)
* ''
Napaeus palmaensis''
(Mousson, 1872)
* ''
Napaeus procerus''
Emerson, 2006
* ''
Napaeus propinquus''
(Shuttleworth, 1852)
* ''
Napaeus pruninus''
(A. Gould, 1846)
* ''
Napaeus pygmaeus''
Ibanez & Alonso, 1993
* ''
Napaeus roccellicola''
(Webb & Berthelot, 1833)
* ''
Napaeus rufobrunneus''
(Wollaston, 1878)
* ''
Napaeus rupicola
''Napaeus'' is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the subfamily Eninae of the family Enidae.MolluscaBase eds. (2021). MolluscaBase. Napaeus Albers, 1850. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Sp ...
''
(Mousson, 1872)
* ''
Napaeus savinosus''
(Wollaston, 1878)
* † ''
Napaeus servus''
(Mousson, 1872)
* ''
Napaeus severus
''Napaeus'' is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the subfamily Eninae of the family Enidae.MolluscaBase eds. (2021). MolluscaBase. Napaeus Albers, 1850. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Sp ...
''
(J. Mabille, 1898)
* ''
Napaeus subgracilior
''Napaeus'' is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the subfamily Eninae of the family Enidae.MolluscaBase eds. (2021). MolluscaBase. Napaeus Albers, 1850. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Sp ...
''
(Wollaston, 1878)
* ''
Napaeus subsimplex''
(Wollaston, 1878)
* ''
Napaeus tabidus''
(Shuttleworth, 1852)
* ''
Napaeus tafadaensis
''Napaeus'' is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the subfamily Eninae of the family Enidae.MolluscaBase eds. (2021). MolluscaBase. Napaeus Albers, 1850. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Sp ...
''
Yanes, 2009
* ''
Napaeus tagamichensis''
Henríquez, 1993
* ''
Napaeus taguluchensis
''Napaeus'' is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the subfamily Eninae of the family Enidae.MolluscaBase eds. (2021). MolluscaBase. Napaeus Albers, 1850. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Sp ...
''
Henríquez, 1993
* ''
Napaeus tenoensis''
Henríquez, 1993
* ''
Napaeus teobaldoi''
Martín, 2009
* ''
Napaeus texturatus
''Napaeus'' is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the subfamily Eninae of the family Enidae.MolluscaBase eds. (2021). MolluscaBase. Napaeus Albers, 1850. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Sp ...
''
(Mousson, 1872)
* ''
Napaeus torilensis''
Artiles & Deniz, 2011 - on La Gomera
* ''
Napaeus tremulans''
(Mousson, 1858)
* ''
Napaeus validoi''
Yanes ''et al.'', 2011
* ''
Napaeus variatus''
(Webb & Berthelot, 1833)
* ''
Napaeus venegueraensis'' Yanes ''et al.'', 2011
* ''
Napaeus voggenreiteri''
Hutterer, 2006
* ''
Napaeus vulgaris''
(Morelet & Drouët, 1857)
;Species brought into synonymy:
* ''Napaeus arcuatus''
(Kuester, 1845): synonym of ''
Pseudonapaeus arcuatus''
(Kuester, 1845) (unaccepted combination)
* ''Napaeus candelaris''
(L. Pfeiffer, 1846): synonym of ''
Pseudonapaeus candelaris''
(L. Pfeiffer, 1846) (unaccepted combination)
* ''Napaeus coelebs''
(L. Pfeiffer, 1846): synonym of ''
Pseudonapaeus coelebs''
(L. Pfeiffer, 1846) (unaccepted combination)
* ''Napaeus sindicus''
(Reeve, 1848): synonym of ''
Pseudonapaeus sindicus''
(Reeve, 1848) (unaccepted combination)
* ''Napaeus vincentii''
(Gredler, 1898): synonym of ''
Serina vincentii''
(Gredler, 1898)
References
Further reading
* Alonso M. R., Henríquez F. & Ibáñez M. (1995). "Revision of the species group ''Napaeus variatus'' (Gastropoda, Pulmonata, Buliminidae) from the Canary Islands, with description of five new species". ''Zool Scr'' 24: 303–320.
* Yanes Y., Martín J., Moro L., Alonso M. R. & Ibáñez M. (2009). "On the relationships of the genus ''Napaeus'' (Gastropoda: Pulmonata: Enidae), with the description of four new species from the Canary Islands". ''
Journal of Natural History
The ''Journal of Natural History'' is a scientific journal published by Taylor & Francis focusing on entomology and zoology. The journal was established in 1841 under the name ''Annals and Magazine of Natural History'' (''Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist.'') an ...
'' 43(35): 2179–2207.
External links
"Species in genus ''Napaeus''" AnimalBase.
{{Taxonbar, from=Q6964810
Enidae
Taxonomy articles created by Polbot