Nandigram is a
census town
In India and some other countries, a census town is designated as a town that satisfies certain characteristics.
India
In India, a census town is one which is not statutorily notified and administered as a town, but nevertheless whose population ...
in the
Nandigram I
Nandigram I is a community development block that forms an administrative division in Haldia subdivision of Purba Medinipur district in the Indian state of West Bengal.
History Historical background
The people of Nandigram, along with others in ...
Community Development Block of the
Haldia subdivision
Haldia subdivision is a subdivision of the Purba Medinipur district in the state of West Bengal, India.
Subdivisions
Purba Medinipur district is divided into the following administrative subdivisions:
Administrative units
Haldia subdivisio ...
in the
Purba Medinipur district
Purba Medinipur (English: ''East Medinipur'', alternative spelling ''Midnapore'') district is an administrative unit in the Indian state of West Bengal. It is the southernmost district of Medinipur division – one of the five administrative d ...
of the Indian state of
West Bengal
West Bengal (, Bengali: ''Poshchim Bongo'', , abbr. WB) is a state in the eastern portion of India. It is situated along the Bay of Bengal, along with a population of over 91 million inhabitants within an area of . West Bengal is the fourt ...
.
In 2007, the West Bengal government allowed the
Salim Group
The Salim Group is Indonesia's biggest conglomerate and refers to companies where the Salim family held majority ownership. Its assets include Indofood Sukses Makmur, the world's largest instant noodle producer; Indomobil Group, one of Indones ...
to set up a chemical hub at Nandigram under the
special economic zone
A special economic zone (SEZ) is an area in which the business and trade laws are different from the rest of the country. SEZs are located within a country's national borders, and their aims include increasing trade balance, employment, increas ...
policy. This led to resistance by the villagers resulting in clashes with the police that left 14 villagers dead, and resulted in accusations of
police brutality
Police brutality is the excessive and unwarranted use of force by law enforcement against an individual or a group. It is an extreme form of police misconduct and is a civil rights violation. Police brutality includes, but is not limited to, ...
.
Geography
Police station
Nandigram's police station has jurisdiction over the
Nandigram I
Nandigram I is a community development block that forms an administrative division in Haldia subdivision of Purba Medinipur district in the Indian state of West Bengal.
History Historical background
The people of Nandigram, along with others in ...
and
Nandigram II
Nandigram II is a community development block that forms an administrative division in Haldia subdivision of Purba Medinipur district in the Indian state of West Bengal.
History
Historical background
The people of Nandigram, along with others in ...
community development blocks. Nandigram's police station covers an area of 251.25 km
2 with a population of 279,285.
Urbanisation
79.19% of the Haldia subdivision's population lives in rural areas. Only 20.81% of the population lives in urban areas, and that is the highest proportion of urban population amongst the four subdivisions in the Purba Medinipur district.
Note: The map alongside presents some of the notable locations in the subdivision. All places marked in the map are linked in the larger full screen map.
Demographics
According to the
2011 Census of India
The 2011 Census of India or the 15th Indian Census was conducted in two phases, house listing and population enumeration. The House listing phase began on 1 April 2010 and involved the collection of information about all buildings. Information ...
, Nandigram had a total population of 5,803 of which 2,947 (51%) were males and 2,856 (49%) were females. There were 725 people below the age of 6. The total number of literate people in Nandigram was 4,512 (88.85% of the population over 6 years old).
Infrastructure
According to the District Census Handbook 2011, Nandigram covered an area of 2.5577 km
2. The town had 25 streetlights, 490 domestic electric connections, 4 medicine shops, 5 primary schools, 2 middle schools, 2 secondary schools, a senior secondary school and a college.
Notable people
Although this part of Bengal has not been actively highlighted in Indian history during the British period, the area had been a part of active politics from the British era. With the help of the people of Nandigram, "Tamluk" was freed from the British by
Bhupal Chandra Panda
Bhupal Chandra Panda ( 25 December 1913 – 16 September 1996 ) was an Indian revolutionary and member of the Bengal Volunteers who carried out assassinations against British colonial officials in an attempt to secure Indian independence.
Ea ...
,
Ajoy Mukherjee
Ajoy Kumar Mukherjee (15 April 1901 – 27 May 1986) was an Indian independence activist and politician who served three short terms as the fourth and sixth Chief Minister of West Bengal. He hailed from Tamluk, Purba Medinipur district, West Be ...
,
Sushil Kumar Dhara,
Satish Chandra Samanta
Satish Chandra Samanta (15 December 1900 – 4 June 1983) was an Indian independence movement activist and a member of the Lok Sabha from 1952–77. At the age of 15 he was influenced by his guru, Swami Prajnanananda Saraswati and adopted the li ...
and their friends for a few days (which is the only part of modern India to be freed twice), before India gained independence in 1947.
In post-Independent India, Nandigram had been a centre of learning and played a major part in the development of Haldia, a satellite town of Calcutta (Kolkata). Fresh vegetables, rice and fish are supplied to Haldia from Nandigram. The Ganga (Bhagirathi) and Haldi (downstream of Kanshabati) cover the edges of Nandigram, and the land is fertilized by both the rivers.
Controversies
Health
In March 2001, Nandigram II Block of Medinipur District claimed to have achieved full toilet coverage in the entire block.
Transport
There is no rail connection directly to Nandigram, and roadways are moderately developed. Buses,
jitney ''trekkers'' and van rickshaws are the primary public vehicles inside the villages.
The nearest railway station is Mograjpur, connecting from Digha - Tamluk. The nearest busy bus stop is in Math Chandipur. 5-7 direct buses are available from the Howrah station and 2 from Esplanade while other direct buses come from Digha, Haldia, Geonkhali, and Mecheda. Tekkers come every 30 minutes at (Math) Chandipur.
Nandigram is connected to Haldia by a ferry. This ferry service is an important mode of transport for farmers and small traders from Nandigram, who use this service to reach Haldia's market to sell their commodities. Haldia Municipality runs this ferry service.
Within the village, houses are not very close to each other so people have to walk long distances, as van rickshaws are incapable of traveling on the small mud roads.
Education
The area has a college -
Sitananda College, also known as Nandigram College, affiliated to Vidyasagar University. There are several other schools in Nandigram, including Asadtala Binode Vidyapith,
Debipur Milan Vidyapith, Nandigram BMT Siksha Niketan, Nandigram Girls' High School, Banamali Sikshaniketan, Ryapara Girls' High School, Khodam Bari Higher Secondary School, Nandigram Sitananda College, Samsadad Dhanyakhola Vidyapith, Rajaram Chak siksha Niketan, Mahammadpur Sibnarayan Sikshayatan, Manuchak Milan Vidyapith, Durgapur High School, Kultolia Balika Vidyapith, Narayan Chak High School, Akandabari High School, Daudpur Siksha Sadan (high school), Amdabad High School, and Nibedita Girls High School.
Healthcare
Nandigram Rural Hospital (with 30 beds) is the main medical facility in Nandigram. There are two
primary health centres in Nandigram, and they are Mohammadpur PO Nilpur (with 10 beds) and Mahespur PO Parulbari (with 6 beds).
See also
*
Accumulation by dispossession
Accumulation by dispossession is a concept presented by the Marxist geographer David Harvey. It defines neoliberal capitalist policies that result in a centralization of wealth and power in the hands of a few by dispossessing the public and priv ...
*
Primitive accumulation of capital
In Marxian economics and preceding theories,Perelman, p. 25 (ch. 2) the problem of primitive accumulation (also called previous accumulation, original accumulation) of capital concerns the origin of capital, and therefore of how class distinctio ...
*
Common land
Common land is land owned by a person or collectively by a number of persons, over which other persons have certain common rights, such as to allow their livestock to graze upon it, to collect Wood fuel, wood, or to cut turf for fuel.
A person ...
References
{{Authority control
Purba Medinipur district
Cities and towns in Purba Medinipur district