Chiripá Guarani (Tsiripá, Txiripá), also known as Ava Guarani and ''Nhandéva'' (''Ñandeva''), is a
Guaraní Guarani, Guaraní or Guarany may refer to
Ethnography
* Guaraní people, an indigenous people from South America's interior (Brazil, Argentina, Paraguay and Bolivia)
* Guaraní language, or Paraguayan Guarani, an official language of Paraguay
* ...
language spoken in
Paraguay
Paraguay (; ), officially the Republic of Paraguay ( es, República del Paraguay, links=no; gn, Tavakuairetã Paraguái, links=si), is a landlocked country in South America. It is bordered by Argentina to the south and southwest, Brazil to th ...
,
Brazil
Brazil ( pt, Brasil; ), officially the Federative Republic of Brazil (Portuguese: ), is the largest country in both South America and Latin America. At and with over 217 million people, Brazil is the world's fifth-largest country by area ...
, and also
Argentina
Argentina (), officially the Argentine Republic ( es, link=no, República Argentina), is a country in the southern half of South America. Argentina covers an area of , making it the second-largest country in South America after Brazil, th ...
. Nhandéva is closely connected to
Mbyá Guaraní, as intermarriage between speakers of the two languages is common. Speakers of Nhandéva and Mbyá generally live in mountainous areas of the
Atlantic Forest
The Atlantic Forest ( pt, Mata Atlântica) is a South American forest that extends along the Atlantic coast of Brazil from Rio Grande do Norte state in the northeast to Rio Grande do Sul state in the south and inland as far as Paraguay and th ...
, from eastern
Paraguay
Paraguay (; ), officially the Republic of Paraguay ( es, República del Paraguay, links=no; gn, Tavakuairetã Paraguái, links=si), is a landlocked country in South America. It is bordered by Argentina to the south and southwest, Brazil to th ...
through
Misiones
Misiones (, ''Missions'') is one of the 23 provinces of Argentina, located in the northeastern corner of the country in the Mesopotamia region. It is surrounded by Paraguay to the northwest, Brazil to the north, east and south, and Corrientes P ...
Province of
Argentina
Argentina (), officially the Argentine Republic ( es, link=no, República Argentina), is a country in the southern half of South America. Argentina covers an area of , making it the second-largest country in South America after Brazil, th ...
to the southern Brazilian states of
Paraná,
Santa Catarina, and
Rio Grande do Sul
Rio Grande do Sul (, , ; "Great River of the South") is a Federative units of Brazil, state in the South Region, Brazil, southern region of Brazil. It is the Federative_units_of_Brazil#List, fifth-most-populous state and the List of Brazilian st ...
.
There are approximately 4,900 speakers in Brazil and 7,000 in Paraguay.
Nhandéva is also known as Chiripá. The Spanish spelling, Ñandeva, is used in the Paraguayan Chaco to refer to the local variety of
Eastern Bolivian, a subdialect of Avá.
Phonology
Vowels
* Vowel sounds /ɛ, a, ɨ, ɔ/ may also have realizations of
, ɐ, ɯ, o
Consonants
* Prenasal sounds /ᵐb, ⁿd/ may also be realized as nasal sonorants
, nin front of nasal vowels.
* /j/ can be heard as
within nasal syllables, and as a prenasal affricate
dʒwhen /j/ precedes nasal syllables in coda position.
* /j/ can be heard as
ʒwithin syllable onset before oral vowels.
* /k, kʷ/ can be heard as
ɡ, ᵑɡʷbetween or after nasal vowels.
* /ts/ can also be heard as
word-medially in free variation.
* /w/ can be heard in free variation between labiodental sounds
or
among speakers of different areas.
* Sonorant sounds /w, ɾ, j/ within nasal syllables are realized as nasalized
̃, ɾ̃, j̃
References
Languages of Paraguay
Languages of Argentina
Guarani languages
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