The name of Greece differs in Greek compared with the names used for the country in other languages and cultures, just like the

names of the Greeks The Greeks ( el, Έλληνες) have been identified by many ethnonyms. The most common native ethnonym is ''Hellen'' ( grc, Ἕλλην), pl. ''Hellenes'' (); the name ''Greeks'' ( la, Graeci) was used by the ancient Romans and gradually enter ...

. The ancient and modern name of the country is ''Hellas'' or ''Hellada'' ( el, Ελλάς, Ελλάδα; in polytonic: ), and its official name is the Hellenic Republic, ''Helliniki Dimokratia'' (Ελληνική Δημοκρατία ). In English, however, the country is usually called Greece, which comes from the Latin ''Graecia'' (as used by the Romans).

Hellenes

The civilization and its associated territory and people, which is referred to in English as " Greece", have never referred to themselves in that term. In fact, they have rather referred to themselves as 'Hellenes', adopting the traditional appelation of the

Hellas Hellas may refer to: Places in Greece *Ἑλλάς (''Ellás''), genitive Ἑλλάδος (''Elládos''), an ancient Greek toponym used to refer to: ** Greece Greece,, or , romanized: ', officially the Hellenic Republic, is a country i ...

region, as in ancient greek literature it is mentioned as one of the first to be established thereby. This name, has its origins in the mythological figure of Hellen, the son of Deucalion and Pyrrha, in an origin myth which has parallels to parts of the

Book of Genesis The Book of Genesis (from Greek ; Hebrew: בְּרֵאשִׁית ''Bəreʾšīt'', "In hebeginning") is the first book of the Hebrew Bible and the Christian Old Testament. Its Hebrew name is the same as its first word, ( "In the beginning" ...

. Hellen's father survived a great flood which Zeus caused to happen in order to wipe out humanity. Hellen himself became the founding father to all Greek tribes, begetting one from each of his sons: Aeolus the Aeolians, Dorus the Dorians, and Xuthus the Achaeans and Ionians through his son Ion.

Ionians

Of those, the Ionians largely lived in

Anatolia Anatolia, tr, Anadolu Yarımadası), and the Anatolian plateau, also known as Asia Minor, is a large peninsula in Western Asia and the westernmost protrusion of the Asian continent. It constitutes the major part of modern-day Turkey. The r ...

, aka

Asia Minor Anatolia, tr, Anadolu Yarımadası), and the Anatolian plateau, also known as Asia Minor, is a large peninsula in Western Asia and the westernmost protrusion of the Asian continent. It constitutes the major part of modern-day Turkey. The ...

, ergo the most in contact with the

Asia Asia (, ) is one of the world's most notable geographical regions, which is either considered a continent in its own right or a subcontinent of Eurasia, which shares the continental landmass of Afro-Eurasia with Africa. Asia covers an ...

n world, so their ethnonym became commonly used for all of the Hellenes, to civilizations to east of Greece. The name ''Yūnān'' ( fa, یونان), came through

Old Persian Old Persian is one of the two directly attested Old Iranian languages (the other being Avestan language, Avestan) and is the ancestor of Middle Persian (the language of Sasanian Empire). Like other Old Iranian languages, it was known to its native ...

during the

Achaemenid Empire The Achaemenid Empire or Achaemenian Empire (; peo, 𐎧𐏁𐏂, , ), also called the First Persian Empire, was an ancient Iranian empire founded by Cyrus the Great in 550 BC. Based in Western Asia, it was contemporarily the largest em ...

(550-333 BC). It was derived from the Old Persian '' Yauna'' for the

Ionian Greeks The Ionians (; el, Ἴωνες, ''Íōnes'', singular , ''Íōn'') were one of the four major tribes that the Greeks considered themselves to be divided into during the ancient period; the other three being the Dorians, Aeolians, and Achaea ...

( grc, Ἰάονες, ''iāones''), on the western coast of

and were the first Greeks to come into contact with the Persians. The term would eventually be applied to all the Greeks. Today, words derived from ''Yūnān'' can be found in Persian, Turkish, Azerbaijani, Uzbek, Kurdish, Armenian (as ''Yūnānistan'' "land of Yūnān"; -''istan'' "land" in Persian), Arabic, Hebrew (Biblical and Modern)(''Yavan'' יָוָן), Aramaic (identical to Hebrew), Indian languages (such as Hindi and Urdu), Pashto, Laz, and Indonesian and Malaysian Malay. Similarly, ancient

China China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia. It is the world's List of countries and dependencies by population, most populous country, with a Population of China, population exceeding 1.4 billion, slig ...

referred to the

Hellenistic In Classical antiquity, the Hellenistic period covers the time in Mediterranean history after Classical Greece, between the death of Alexander the Great in 323 BC and the emergence of the Roman Empire, as signified by the Battle of Actium in ...

Greco-Bactrian Kingdom The Bactrian Kingdom, known to historians as the Greco-Bactrian Kingdom or simply Greco-Bactria, was a Hellenistic period, Hellenistic-era Hellenistic Greece, Greek state, and along with the Indo-Greek Kingdom, the easternmost part of the Helleni ...

in Central Asia as '' Daxia'' (

Tokhara Tokharistan (formed from "Tokhara" and the suffix ''-stan'' meaning "place of" in Persian) is an ancient Early Middle Ages name given to the area which was known as Bactria in Ancient Greek sources. In the 7th and 8th century CE, Tokharistan c ...

, or

Bactria Bactria (; Bactrian: , ), or Bactriana, was an ancient region in Central Asia in Amu Darya's middle stream, stretching north of the Hindu Kush, west of the Pamirs and south of the Gissar range, covering the northern part of Afghanistan, southwe ...

), and the various city-state confederations around the

Ferghana Valley The Fergana Valley (; ; ) in Central Asia lies mainly in eastern Uzbekistan, but also extends into southern Kyrgyzstan and northern Tajikistan. Divided into three republics of the former Soviet Union, the valley is ethnically diverse and in the ...

as '' Dayuan'', meaning "Great Ionians". Chinese contact was made first by Han Dynasty diplomat Zhang Qian in 139 BC during his mission to seek an anti-

Xiongnu The Xiongnu (, ) were a tribal confederation of nomadic peoples who, according to ancient Chinese sources, inhabited the eastern Eurasian Steppe from the 3rd century BC to the late 1st century AD. Modu Chanyu, the supreme leader after 209 ...

alliance with

Greater Yuezhi The Yuezhi (;) were an ancient people first described in Chinese histories as nomadic pastoralists living in an arid grassland area in the western part of the modern Chinese province of Gansu, during the 1st millennium BC. After a major defeat ...

. Zhang's report of the famous Ferghana horse led to

Emperor Wu of Han Emperor Wu of Han (156 – 29 March 87BC), formally enshrined as Emperor Wu the Filial (), born Liu Che (劉徹) and courtesy name Tong (通), was the seventh emperor of the Han dynasty of ancient China, ruling from 141 to 87 BC. His reign la ...

sending further emissaries seeking trade, though frictions between the envoy and the rulers at

Alexandria Eschate Alexandria Eschate ( grc-x-attic, Ἀλεξάνδρεια Ἐσχάτη, grc-x-doric, Αλεχάνδρεια Ἐσχάτα, Alexandria Eschata, "Furthest Alexandria") was a city founded by Alexander the Great, at the south-western end of the Fe ...

led to the War of the Heavenly Horses between the Chinese and the Ferghana confederations, and the eventual Chinese victory led to the establishment of the Protectorate of the Western Regions. The Hellenistic dominance was pushed out of Central Asia and remained further south as the Indo-Greek Kingdom, until eventually replaced by the expansion of Indo-Scythians and the

Kushan The Kushan Empire ( grc, Βασιλεία Κοσσανῶν; xbc, Κυϸανο, ; sa, कुषाण वंश; Brahmi: , '; BHS: ; xpr, 𐭊𐭅𐭔𐭍 𐭇𐭔𐭕𐭓, ; zh, 貴霜 ) was a syncretic empire, formed by the Yuezhi, i ...

Greeks

The English name '' Greece'' and the similar adaptations in other languages derive from the Latin name '' Graecia'' (Greek: ), literally meaning 'the land of the Greeks', which was used by Ancient Romans to denote the area of modern-day Greece. Similarly, the Latin name of the nation was ''Graeci'', which is the origin of the English name '' Greeks''. Those names, in turn, trace their origin from '' Graecus'', the Latin adaptation of the Greek name Γραικός (pl. ), which means 'Greek', but its etymology remains uncertain. It is unclear why the Romans called the country ''Graecia'' and its people ''Graeci'', but the Greeks called their land ''Hellas'' and themselves ''Hellenes''. Several speculations have been made. William Smith notes in his ''

Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography The ''Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography'' is the last in a series of classical dictionaries edited by the English scholar William Smith (1813–1893), following ''A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities'' and the ''Dictionary of Gr ...

'' that foreigners frequently refer to people by a different name (an exonym) from their native one (an

endonym An endonym (from Greek: , 'inner' + , 'name'; also known as autonym) is a common, ''native'' name for a geographical place, group of people, individual person, language or dialect, meaning that it is used inside that particular place, group, ...

)..

Aristotle Aristotle (; grc-gre, Ἀριστοτέλης ''Aristotélēs'', ; 384–322 BC) was a Greek philosopher and polymath during the Classical Greece, Classical period in Ancient Greece. Taught by Plato, he was the founder of the Peripatet ...

had the first surviving written use the name ''Graeci'' (), in his '' Meteorology''. He wrote that the area around Dodona and the Achelous River was inhabited by the Selli and a people, who had been called ''Graeci'' but were called ''Hellenes'' by his time. From that statement, it is asserted that the name of Graeci was once widely used in Epirus and the rest of the western coast of Greece. It thus became the name by which the Hellenes were known to the Italic peoples, who were on the opposite side of the

Ionian Sea The Ionian Sea ( el, Ιόνιο Πέλαγος, ''Iónio Pélagos'' ; it, Mar Ionio ; al, Deti Jon ) is an elongated bay of the Mediterranean Sea. It is connected to the Adriatic Sea to the north, and is bounded by Southern Italy, including C ...

. According to

Hesiod Hesiod (; grc-gre, Ἡσίοδος ''Hēsíodos'') was an ancient Greek poet generally thought to have been active between 750 and 650 BC, around the same time as Homer. He is generally regarded by western authors as 'the first written poet i ...

, in his '' Catalogue of Women'', Graecus was the son of

Pandora In Greek mythology, Pandora (Greek: , derived from , ''pān'', i.e. "all" and , ''dōron'', i.e. "gift", thus "the all-endowed", "all-gifted" or "all-giving") was the first human woman created by Hephaestus on the instructions of Zeus. As Hes ...

and Zeus and gave his name to the people who followed the Hellenic customs. His brother

Latinus Latinus ( la, Latinus; Ancient Greek: Λατῖνος, ''Latînos'', or Λατεῖνος, ''Lateînos'') was a figure in both Greek and Roman mythology. He is often associated with the heroes of the Trojan War, namely Odysseus and Aeneas. Alth ...

gave his name to the

Latins The Latins were originally an Italic tribe in ancient central Italy from Latium. As Roman power and colonization spread Latin culture during the Roman Republic. Latins culturally "Romanized" or "Latinized" the rest of Italy, and the word Latin ...

. Similarly, the eponymous Hellen is supposed to have given his name to the Greeks, or Hellenes. In his ''Ethnica'',

Stephanus of Byzantium Stephanus or Stephan of Byzantium ( la, Stephanus Byzantinus; grc-gre, Στέφανος Βυζάντιος, ''Stéphanos Byzántios''; centuryAD), was a Byzantine grammarian and the author of an important geographical dictionary entitled ''Ethni ...

also states that Graecus, the son of Thessalus, was the origin of the name ''Graeci'' for the Hellenes..

Romans

The eastern part of the Roman Empire, which was predominantly Greek-speaking, gave rise to the name (''Rhomania'' or ''Romania''). In fact, for a long time that started in Late Antiquity, the Greeks called themselves (sg. : ''Romans''). Those terms or related ones are still sometimes used even in Modern Greek: (from . There was tension with Western Europe on how Roman the western and the eastern parts of the Roman Empire really were. The historian Hieronymus Wolf, after the Eastern Roman Empire had ceased to exist, was the first to call it the ''

Byzantine Empire The Byzantine Empire, also referred to as the Eastern Roman Empire or Byzantium, was the continuation of the Roman Empire primarily in its eastern provinces during Late Antiquity and the Middle Ages, when its capital city was Constantin ...

'', the term that later became usual in the West. However, because it lasted almost 1000 years longer than the Western Roman Empire, Persians, Arabs, and Turks, all in the East, used and sometimes still use terms from ''Rhomania'' or ''Rome'', such as '' Rûm'', to refer to its land or people.

List of names in other languages

Hellas-derived names

The third major form, "Hellas" and its derivatives, is used by a few languages around the world, including Greek itself. In several European languages in which the normal term is derived from ''Graecia'', names derived from ''Hellas'' exist as rare or poetic alternatives. * Greek ** Polytonic: (''Hellas'', ''Hellada'') ** Monotonic: (''Ellas'', ''Ellada'') * Aromanian: Elladhã *

Albanian Albanian may refer to: *Pertaining to Albania in Southeast Europe; in particular: **Albanians, an ethnic group native to the Balkans **Albanian language **Albanian culture **Demographics of Albania, includes other ethnic groups within the country ...

: Elladhë (poetic, archaic, dialectal) * Chinese: ( traditional), ( simplified) () * Vietnamese: Hy Lạp () * Hawaiian: Helena * Hungarian: Hellász (rare usage, mostly poetic) * English: Hellas (rare usage, poetic) * Norwegian (both Nynorsk and Bokmål): Hellas * it, Ellade (rare usage) * Korean: 희랍 ( RR: ''huirap'') (rare usage) * Portuguese: Hélade (rare usage) * Serbian Cyrillic: ''Хелада'' (''Helada''; archaic, poetic) * Russian: Эллада (''Ellada''; poetic, ancient Greece) * Spanish: Hélada, Hélade (rare usage) * Bulgarian: Елада (latinized: ''Elada'') * Polish: Hellada (poetic) * Romanian: Elada (archaic)

Ionia-derived names

The second major form, used in many languages and in which the common root is ''yun'' or ''ywn'', is borrowed from the Greek name ''

Ionia Ionia () was an ancient region on the western coast of Anatolia, to the south of present-day Izmir. It consisted of the northernmost territories of the Ionian League of Greek settlements. Never a unified state, it was named after the Ionian ...

'', the Ionian tribe region of

, derived from Old Persian and meant for people with youthful appearances. In Greek, these forms have never normally been used to denote the whole Greek nation or Greece. In Sanskrit literature in India, the word यवन ''yavana'' is derived from this origin and meant the people with youthful appearances. It was used specifically for Greek people until 250 BCE while Indian kingdoms often traded with Greece. After Alexander's invasion on western borders of India, the word took a new meaning as foreigner or invader. The word यवन ''yawan,'' meaning 'foreigner,' is still in use in languages like Hindi,

Marathi Marathi may refer to: *Marathi people, an Indo-Aryan ethnolinguistic group of Maharashtra, India *Marathi language, the Indo-Aryan language spoken by the Marathi people *Palaiosouda, also known as Marathi, a small island in Greece See also * * ...

and Malayalam. *

Arabic Arabic (, ' ; , ' or ) is a Semitic language spoken primarily across the Arab world.Semitic languages: an international handbook / edited by Stefan Weninger; in collaboration with Geoffrey Khan, Michael P. Streck, Janet C. E.Watson; Walte ...

: اليونان (al-Yōnān, al-Yūnān) *

Aramaic The Aramaic languages, short Aramaic ( syc, ܐܪܡܝܐ, Arāmāyā; oar, 𐤀𐤓𐤌𐤉𐤀; arc, 𐡀𐡓𐡌𐡉𐡀; tmr, אֲרָמִית), are a language family containing many varieties (languages and dialects) that originated i ...

: ܝܘܢ or יון (Yawān, Yawon) * hy, Հունաստան (Hunastan) ** xcl, Յունաստան (Yunastan) *

Azerbaijani Azerbaijani may refer to: * Something of, or related to Azerbaijan * Azerbaijanis * Azerbaijani language See also * Azerbaijan (disambiguation) * Azeri (disambiguation) * Azerbaijani cuisine * Culture of Azerbaijan The culture of Azerbaijan ...

: Yunanıstan *

Hindustani Hindustani may refer to: * something of, from, or related to Hindustan (another name of India) * Hindustani language, an Indo-Aryan language, whose two official norms are Hindi and Urdu * Fiji Hindi, a variety of Eastern Hindi spoken in Fiji, and ...

( Hindi and Urdu): यूनान / یونان (Yūnān) * Hebrew **

Biblical The Bible (from Koine Greek , , 'the books') is a collection of religious texts or scriptures that are held to be sacred in Christianity, Judaism, Samaritanism, and many other religions. The Bible is an anthologya compilation of texts of a ...

: יָוָן (Yavan, possibly pronounced Yāwān) **

KJV Bible The King James Version (KJV), also the King James Bible (KJB) and the Authorized Version, is an English translation of the Christian Bible for the Church of England, which was commissioned in 1604 and published in 1611, by sponsorship of K ...

Medieval English corruption of Hebrew via European languages which pronounce J as Y): Javan ** Modern: יוון (Yavan) * Kurdish: Yunanistan * Laz: Yonaneti-Xorumona (ჲონანეთი-ხორუმონა) * Indonesian Language : Yunani * Malayalam: യവനൻ (Yavanan) * Persian: یونان (Yūnān) *

Punjabi Punjabi, or Panjabi, most often refers to: * Something of, from, or related to Punjab, a region in India and Pakistan * Punjabi language * Punjabi people * Punjabi dialects and languages Punjabi may also refer to: * Punjabi (horse), a British Th ...

: ਯੂਨਾਨ / یونان (Yūnān) * Sanskrit: यवन (Yavana) *

Tajik Tajik, Tadjik, Tadzhik or Tajikistani may refer to: * Someone or something related to Tajikistan * Tajiks, an ethnic group in Tajikistan, Afghanistan and Uzbekistan * Tajik language, the official language of Tajikistan * Tajik (surname) * Tajik cu ...

: Юнон (Yunon) *

Turkish Turkish may refer to: *a Turkic language spoken by the Turks * of or about Turkey ** Turkish language *** Turkish alphabet ** Turkish people, a Turkic ethnic group and nation *** Turkish citizen, a citizen of Turkey *** Turkish communities and mi ...

: Yunanistan * Urdu: یونآن (Yūnān) * Uzbek: Yunoniston

Graecia-derived names

The first major form of names derives from the Latin ''Graecus'' and ''Graecia'' or their equivalent forms in Greek whence the former derive themselves. These terms have fallen out of use in Greek. *

Afrikaans Afrikaans (, ) is a West Germanic language that evolved in the Dutch Cape Colony from the Dutch vernacular of Holland proper (i.e., the Hollandic dialect) used by Dutch, French, and German settlers and their enslaved people. Afrikaans g ...

: Griekeland *

: Greqia * Aromanian: Gãrtsia * Basque: Grezia *

Belarusian Belarusian may refer to: * Something of, or related to Belarus * Belarusians, people from Belarus, or of Belarusian descent * A citizen of Belarus, see Demographics of Belarus * Belarusian language * Belarusian culture * Belarusian cuisine * Byelor ...

: Грэцыя (''Hrecyja'') * Bengali: গ্রীস (''Grīs'') * Bulgarian: Гърция (''Gǎrtsiya'') *

Catalan Catalan may refer to: Catalonia From, or related to Catalonia: * Catalan language, a Romance language * Catalans, an ethnic group formed by the people from, or with origins in, Northern or southern Catalonia Places * 13178 Catalan, asteroid ...

: Grècia * Chechen: Греци (''Gretsi'') * Cornish: Pow Grek * Czech: Řecko * Danish: Grækenland * Dutch: Griekenland * English: Greece *

Esperanto Esperanto ( or ) is the world's most widely spoken constructed international auxiliary language. Created by the Warsaw-based ophthalmologist L. L. Zamenhof in 1887, it was intended to be a universal second language for international communi ...

: Grekio/Grekujo/Greklando *

Estonian Estonian may refer to: * Something of, from, or related to Estonia, a country in the Baltic region in northern Europe * Estonians, people from Estonia, or of Estonian descent * Estonian language * Estonian cuisine * Estonian culture See also

...

: Kreeka * Filipino: Gresya * Finnish: Kreikka *

French French (french: français(e), link=no) may refer to: * Something of, from, or related to France ** French language, which originated in France, and its various dialects and accents ** French people, a nation and ethnic group identified with Franc ...

: Grèce * Galician: Grecia * German: Griechenland *

Haitian Creole Haitian Creole (; ht, kreyòl ayisyen, links=no, ; french: créole haïtien, links=no, ), commonly referred to as simply ''Creole'', or ''Kreyòl'' in the Creole language, is a French-based creole language spoken by 10–12million people wor ...

: Grès * Hungarian: Görögország * Icelandic: Grikkland * Irish: An Ghréig * Italian: Grecia * Japanese: (''Girisha'') * Kannada: ಗ್ರೀಸ್ (''Grīs'') * Korean: (''Geuriseu'') * Latvian: Grieķija *

Lithuanian Lithuanian may refer to: * Lithuanians * Lithuanian language * The country of Lithuania * Grand Duchy of Lithuania * Culture of Lithuania * Lithuanian cuisine * Lithuanian Jews as often called "Lithuanians" (''Lita'im'' or ''Litvaks'') by other Jew ...

: Graikija *

Macedonian Macedonian most often refers to someone or something from or related to Macedonia. Macedonian(s) may specifically refer to: People Modern * Macedonians (ethnic group), a nation and a South Slavic ethnic group primarily associated with North M ...

: Грција, Grcija * Malagasy: Grisy * Malayalam: ഗ്രീസ് (''Grīs'') *

Maltese Maltese may refer to: * Someone or something of, from, or related to Malta * Maltese alphabet * Maltese cuisine * Maltese culture * Maltese language, the Semitic language spoken by Maltese people * Maltese people, people from Malta or of Malte ...

: Greċja * Māori: Kirihi *

: ग्रीस (''Grīs'') * Mongolian: Грек / (''Gryek'') *

Nepali Nepali or Nepalese may refer to : Concerning Nepal * Anything of, from, or related to Nepal * Nepali people, citizens of Nepal * Nepali language, an Indo-Aryan language found in Nepal, the current official national language and a language spoken ...

: ग्रीस (Grīs) *

Odia Odia, also spelled Oriya or Odiya, may refer to: * Odia people in Odisha, India * Odia language, an Indian language, belonging to the Indo-Aryan branch of the Indo-European language family * Odia alphabet, a writing system used for the Odia languag ...

: ଗ୍ରୀସ (''Grīs'') * Polish: Grecja * Portuguese: Grécia * Romanian: Grecia * Russian: Греция (''Gretsiya'') *

Scots Gaelic Scottish Gaelic ( gd, Gàidhlig ), also known as Scots Gaelic and Gaelic, is a Goidelic language (in the Celtic branch of the Indo-European language family) native to the Gaels of Scotland. As a Goidelic language, Scottish Gaelic, as well as ...

: A 'Ghrèig * Serbo-Croatian: Грчка, Grčka * Sinhala: ග්රීසිය (''Grisiya'') * Slovak: Grécko * Slovenian: Grčija * Spanish: Grecia *

Swahili Swahili may refer to: * Swahili language, a Bantu language official in Kenya, Tanzania and Uganda and widely spoken in the African Great Lakes * Swahili people, an ethnic group in East Africa * Swahili culture Swahili culture is the culture of ...

: Ugiriki *

Swedish Swedish or ' may refer to: Anything from or related to Sweden, a country in Northern Europe. Or, specifically: * Swedish language, a North Germanic language spoken primarily in Sweden and Finland ** Swedish alphabet, the official alphabet used by ...

: Grekland * Tamil: கிரேக்கம் (''Kirēkkam'') *

Telugu Telugu may refer to: * Telugu language, a major Dravidian language of India *Telugu people, an ethno-linguistic group of India * Telugu script, used to write the Telugu language ** Telugu (Unicode block), a block of Telugu characters in Unicode S ...

: గ్రీస్ (''Grīs'') * Thai: กรีซ (''Krit'') * Udmurt: Грециялэн (''Gretsijalen'') * Ukrainian: Греція (''Hretsiya'') *

Welsh Welsh may refer to: Related to Wales * Welsh, referring or related to Wales * Welsh language, a Brittonic Celtic language spoken in Wales * Welsh people People * Welsh (surname) * Sometimes used as a synonym for the ancient Britons (Celtic peopl ...

: Groeg * West Frisian: Grikelân

Georgian name

The Georgian name for Greece is coined from the Georgian word "

wise WISE may refer to: Arts, entertainment, and media * WISE (AM), a radio station licensed to Asheville, North Carolina *WISE-FM, a radio station licensed to Wise, Virginia * WISE-TV, a television station licensed to Fort Wayne, Indiana Education * ...

" ''brdzeni'' ( Georgian: ბრძენი), thus ''saberdzneti'' would literally mean "land of the wise men", possibly referring to the

Ancient Greek philosophy Ancient Greek philosophy arose in the 6th century BC, marking the end of the Greek Dark Ages. Greek philosophy continued throughout the Hellenistic period and the period in which Greece and most Greek-inhabited lands were part of the Roman Empire ...

. * ka, საბერძნეთი ('' Saberdzneti'') * xmf, საბერძემო (''Saberdzemo'')

Official name of the modern Greek state

1828 03 31 Elliniki Politeia Kapodistrias

From its establishment after the outbreak of the Greek War of Liberation in 1821, the modern Greek state has used a variety of official names, most often designating changes of regime. Internally, the country was called Hellas, not Greece, even in the cases below where the name was translated internationally as Greece. * 1821–1828: "Provisional Administration of Greece" (Προσωρινή Διοίκησις τῆς Ἑλλάδος), used by the provisional government before the international recognition of Greek autonomy (and later independence) in the London Protocol. * 1828–1832: " Hellenic State" (Ἑλληνική Πολιτεία), used under the governorship of Ioannis Kapodistrias. Along with the previous period, it is sometimes grouped together in the historiographic term " First Hellenic Republic". * 1832–1924: " Kingdom of Greece" (Βασίλειον τῆς Ἑλλάδος), adopted after Greece was declared a monarchy in the London Conference of 1832, and retained until the abolition of the monarchy on 25 March 1924. * 1924–1935: "

Hellenic Republic Greece,, or , romanized: ', officially the Hellenic Republic, is a country in Southeast Europe. It is situated on the southern tip of the Balkans, and is located at the crossroads of Europe, Asia, and Africa. Greece shares land borders with ...

" (Ἑλληνική Δημοκρατία), known historiographically as the Second Hellenic Republic, from 1924 until the 10 October 1935 coup by Georgios Kondylis and the restoration of the monarchy. * 1935–1973: " Kingdom of Greece" (Βασίλειον τῆς Ἑλλάδος), from the restoration of the monarchy in 1935 to its abolition by the Regime of the Colonels junta on 1 June 1973. Between 1941–44 used by the internationally recognized Greek government in exile. ** 1941–1944: " Hellenic State" (Ἑλληνική Πολιτεία), used by the

collaborationist Wartime collaboration is cooperation with the enemy against one's country of citizenship in wartime, and in the words of historian Gerhard Hirschfeld, "is as old as war and the occupation of foreign territory". The term ''collaborator'' dates to t ...

government of Greece during the occupation by the Axis Powers in World War II. * 1973–today: "

" (Ελληνική Δημοκρατία), from the abolition of the monarchy by the military junta to the present day. However, the present Third Hellenic Republic is held to have begun in 1974, following the

fall of the junta The Metapolitefsi ( el, Μεταπολίτευση, , "regime change") was a period in modern History of Greece, Greek history from the fall of the Greek military junta of 1967–74, Ioaniddes military junta of 1973–74 to the transition period s ...

and the return of democratic rule.

References

Bibliography

Primary sources *

, '' Meteorology'', online in th
University of Adelaida Library
*

, '' Catalogue of Women'', online in th
Online Medieval & Classical Library
* Secondary sources * * {{Europe topic, Name of, title=Names of European countries Greek culture Greece History of Greece fr:Noms des Grecs#Noms de la Grèce