Nadezhda Adolfovna Joffe (russian: Надежда Адольфовна Иоффе) (1906 – March 18, 1999) was a

Soviet The Soviet Union,. officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR),. was a transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 to 1991. A flagship communist state, it was nominally a federal union of fifteen nation ...

Trotskyist Trotskyism is the political ideology and branch of Marxism developed by Ukrainian-Russian revolutionary Leon Trotsky and some other members of the Left Opposition and Fourth International. Trotsky self-identified as an orthodox Marxist, a ...

and daughter of early Soviet leader

Adolph Joffe Adolph Abramovich Joffe (russian: Адо́льф Абра́мович Ио́ффе, alternative transliterations Adol'f Ioffe or, rarely, Yoffe) (10 October 1883 in Simferopol – 16 November 1927 in Moscow) was a Russian revolutionary, a Bo ...

Life and career

Joffe joined the Trotskyist

Left Opposition The Left Opposition was a faction within the Russian Communist Party (b) from 1923 to 1927 headed ''de facto'' by Leon Trotsky. The Left Opposition formed as part of the power struggle within the party leadership that began with the Soviet fou ...

within the

Soviet Communist Party "Hymn of the Bolshevik Party" , headquarters = 4 Staraya Square, Moscow , general_secretary = Vladimir Lenin (first)Mikhail Gorbachev (last) , founded = , banned = , founder = Vladimir Lenin , newspaper ...

shortly after it was formed in 1923 and was first exiled from

Moscow Moscow ( , US chiefly ; rus, links=no, Москва, r=Moskva, p=mɐskˈva, a=Москва.ogg) is the capital and largest city of Russia. The city stands on the Moskva River in Central Russia, with a population estimated at 13.0 millio ...

in 1929. She was re-arrested at the beginning of the

Great Purge The Great Purge or the Great Terror (russian: Большой террор), also known as the Year of '37 (russian: 37-й год, translit=Tridtsat sedmoi god, label=none) and the Yezhovshchina ('period of Yezhov'), was Soviet General Secret ...

in 1936, and sent to Kolyma labor camps in

Siberia Siberia ( ; rus, Сибирь, r=Sibir', p=sʲɪˈbʲirʲ, a=Ru-Сибирь.ogg) is an extensive region, geographical region, constituting all of North Asia, from the Ural Mountains in the west to the Pacific Ocean in the east. It has been a ...

, where her first husband, Trotskyist Pavel Kossakovsky, was killed in 1938. She was the last person to see

Leon Trotsky Lev Davidovich Bronstein. ( – 21 August 1940), better known as Leon Trotsky; uk, link= no, Лев Давидович Троцький; also transliterated ''Lyev'', ''Trotski'', ''Trotskij'', ''Trockij'' and ''Trotzky''. (), was a Russian ...

's first wife,

Aleksandra Sokolovskaya Aleksandra Lvovna Sokolovskaya (; 1872 – 29 April 1938) was a Russian Marxist revolutionary and Leon Trotsky's first wife. She perished in the Great Purges no earlier than 1938. Sokolovskaya's father, Lev Sokolovsky, was a Narodnik, who en ...

, alive in Kolyma in 1938. After

Stalin Joseph Vissarionovich Stalin (born Ioseb Besarionis dze Jughashvili; – 5 March 1953) was a Georgian revolutionary and Soviet political leader who led the Soviet Union from 1924 until his death in 1953. He held power as General Secretar ...

's death in 1953, Joffe's sentence was annulled and she returned to Moscow in 1956. She wrote a book of memoirs, ''Back in Time: My Life, My Fate, My Epoch'' in 1971-72, which was first published in Moscow after the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1992. Her family emigrated to the

United States The United States of America (U.S.A. or USA), commonly known as the United States (U.S. or US) or America, is a country primarily located in North America. It consists of 50 states, a federal district, five major unincorporated territori ...

at the end of her life and she settled in

Brooklyn, New York Brooklyn () is a borough of New York City, coextensive with Kings County, in the U.S. state of New York. Kings County is the most populous county in the State of New York, and the second-most densely populated county in the United States, be ...

, where she worked on her father's biography and his letters until her death in 1999, aged 92, collaborating with Iskra Research publishing house.

References

* Nadezhda Joffe. ''Back in Time: My Life, My Fate, My Epoch'', Oak Park, MI, Labor Publications, 1995, (translated from the Russian by Frederick S. Choate) Original Russian title ''Vremya Nazad''. * Nadezhda Joffe. ''On Trotsky's Romances, Real and Imagined'',
letter
published in ''Novoye Russkoye Slovo'', March 18, 1997. *

Chanie Rosenberg Chanie Rosenberg (20 April 1922 – June 2021) was a South African-born artist, former teacher and socialist. She was the sister of Michael Kidron, the partner of Tony Cliff, and a founder member of the Socialist Workers Party in Britain. Life ...

''World revolution and happiness for all''
Socialist Review, No. 185, April 1995, p. 28. * Morris Slavin

Against the Current, No. 67, March–April 1997. * John Plant

Revolutionary History, Vol. 6 No. 4, 1997. * Helen Halyard. ''Nadezhda Joffe 1906-1999. Obituary'' in ''Workers' Liberty'
#57
1999. 1906 births 1999 deaths Expelled members of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union American people of Russian-Jewish descent Russian Jews Jewish socialists Russian memoirists Russian Trotskyists Russian women writers Soviet women writers Soviet writers Soviet rehabilitations Soviet Trotskyists Soviet Jews Women memoirists 20th-century American women writers Communist women writers 20th-century memoirists {{Russia-writer-stub