Nadezhda (1802 Russian Ship)

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''Nadezhda'' (or ''Nadeshda'', or ''Nadeshada'' ) was a three-masted sloop, the ex-British merchantman and slave ship ''Leander'', launched in 1799. A French privateer captured her in 1801, but she quickly came back into British hands. Private Russian parties purchased her in 1802 for the first Russian circumnavigation of the world (1803-1806), and renamed her. Although it is common to see references to the " frigate ''Nadezhda''", she was a sloop, not a frigate, and she was never a warship. After her voyage of exploration she served as a merchant vessel for her owner, the Russian-American Company, and was lost in 1808.

Career

British merchant vessel

''Leander'' was launched in London in late 1799 as a c.430-ton (bm) merchant sloop. On 3 December 1799 her master, C. Anderson, received a letter of marque.Letter of Marqu

- accessed 14 May 2011. The 1800 and 1801 editions of ''Lloyd's Register'' showed her launch year as 1799, Anderson as her master, T. Huggins as her owner, and her trade as London-Africa.

Slave voyage (1800): Captain Christopher Anderson sailed from London on 21 January 1800. ''Leander'' gathered her slaves at Bonny Island, Bonny. She arrived at Kingston, Jamaica on 10 October and there delivered 361 slaves. She sailed for London on 29 November. She never arrived at London because on 17 January 1801, a French privateer of 22 guns and 160 men captured ''Leander'' as she approached England.

The 1801 ''Lloyd's Register'' carried the annotation "Captured", but crossed out. It also showed O. Brown as master, replacing Anderson, P. Campbell as owner, replacing Huggins, and her trade as Grenada, replacing London–Africa. How ''Leander'' came back into British hands is currently obscure.

Russian exploration ship

In 1802 Yuri Fydorovich Lisyansky purchased ''Leander'' and another merchantman, ''Thames'', for his planned voyage of exploration. The two vessels together cost £17,000, with an additional expense of £5,000 for repairs.

The two vessels left England for the Baltic in May 1803, docking at Kronstadt on 5 June. There the Russians renamed ''Leander'' to ''Nadezhda'' and ''Thames'' to ''Neva''. Czar Alexander 1 chose their names, but the two vessels were never part of the Russian navy.

The two ships took part in the first Russian circumnavigation of the world, with ''Nadezhda'' serving as Admiral Krusenstern's flagship. The expedition failed, however, to achieve two of its main goals, to establish diplomatic relations with Japan, and to secure trading rights to Canton.

Krusenstern and Captain Yury Nevelskoy of ''Neva'' prepared for the voyage by first serving with the British Royal Navy from 1793 to 1799 to build their naval skills. ''Nadezhda'' had a 58-member crew and carried 16 guns. She apparently sailed under the auspices of the Russian-American Company (RAC). As part of her circumnavigation she delivered RAC cargo to Kamchatka, and the first Russian embassy under Nikolai Rezanov to Japan. Another passenger was the nobleman and adventurer Fyodor Ivanovich Tolstoy. He managed so to annoy captain and crew that Krusenstern finally left him at Kamchatka.

''Nadezhda'' and ''Neva'' left Kronstadt on 7 August 1803. They sailed down the Baltic Sea, across the Atlantic Ocean, and past the Canary Islands and Brazil. After this they rounded Cape Horn and set across the Pacific Ocean, making stops at the Marquesas, the Aleutian Islands, and the Sandwich (Hawaiian) Islands, and also at Kamchatka.

They then separated at the Sandwich Islands. ''Nadezhda'' sailed to Japan to deliver the Russian ambassador, while ''Neva'' went on to visit the Russian settlements on the north-west coast of America. One passenger aboard ''Nadezhda'' was Fabian Gottlieb von Bellingshausen, who between 1819 and 1821 would lead a second Russian circumnavigation of the world. Another passenger was Otto von Kotzebue, the stepson of Kruzenstern's sister.

In 1805 the Swiss Johann Caspar Horner and the Prussian Georg Heinrich von Langsdorff, two scientists traveling on ''Nadezhda'', made a hot air balloon out of Japanese paper (washi) to demonstrate the new technology to some 30 Japanese delegates.

After visiting Japan, ''Nadezhda'' sailed to China and Macao. ''Nadezhda'' and ''Neva'' briefly reunited, then ''Nadezhda'' rounded Africa and came back across the Baltic Sea to Kronstadt, arriving 19 August 1806.

Fate

In 1808 an American merchant, D. Martin, chartered ''Nadezhda'' to transport RACo cargoes from Kronstadt to New York City. During the trip, in December she became ice-locked near Denmark and was destroyed."Training Sailcraft “Nadezhda” – Historical Background"
/ref> ''Lloyd's List'' reported that "''Nadeshda''...is captured by the Danes, and is lost off Malmoe".''Lloyd's List'', no.4333.- accessed 5 April 2015.
/ref>

Name

Her name was the namesake of a gulf and Nadezhda Strait in the Okhotsk Sea, four capes in the Japan Sea and the Tatar Strait, and the Nadezhda Island ( Sitka County, Alaska) in the Pacific Ocean.

Commemorative coins

In 1993 Russia issued three coins to commemorate the first Russian voyage around the world. One was a 150-roubles platinum coin showing both ''Nadezhda'' and ''Neva'' on the reverse. The other two were both 25-roubles palladium coins, one for ''Nadezhda'' and one for ''Neva''.

See also

* European and American voyages of scientific exploration

Notes, citations, and references

Notes

Citations

References

*
* Barratt, Glynn (1987). ''The Russian Discovery of Hawai'i: The Ethnographic and Historic Record''. Editions Limited. .
* Barratt, Glynn (1988). ''The Russians and Australia (Russia and the South Pacific 1696-1840) (Vol I)''. University of British Columbia.
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Nadezhda (1800)
1799 ships
Age of Sail merchant ships
London slave ships
Captured ships
Merchant ships of the United Kingdom
Maritime incidents in 1808
Shipwrecks of Denmark
Russian-American Company