''Nabalus'' is a

genus Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus com ...

Asia Asia (, ) is one of the world's most notable geographical regions, which is either considered a continent in its own right or a subcontinent of Eurasia, which shares the continental landmass of Afro-Eurasia with Africa. Asia covers an area ...

n and

North America North America is a continent in the Northern Hemisphere and almost entirely within the Western Hemisphere. It is bordered to the north by the Arctic Ocean, to the east by the Atlantic Ocean, to the southeast by South America and the Car ...

n flowering plants in the tribe

Cichorieae The Cichorieae (also called Lactuceae) are a tribe in the plant family Asteraceae that includes 93 genera, more than 1,600 sexually reproductive species and more than 7,000 Apomixis, apomictic species. They are found primarily in temperate region ...

within the family

Asteraceae The family Asteraceae, alternatively Compositae, consists of over 32,000 known species of flowering plants in over 1,900 genera within the order Asterales. Commonly referred to as the aster, daisy, composite, or sunflower family, Compositae w ...

. ''Nabalus'' is now considered the correct name for a group of plants in

that were formerly considered to be members of ''

Prenanthes ''Prenanthes'' is a genus of plant in the family Asteraceae, often referred to as rattlesnake root. Molecular analysis in 2009 revealed that the genus as traditionally envisioned is polyphyletic, meaning that it is a conglomeration of species ...

'', and were included in that genus in the

Flora of North America The ''Flora of North America North of Mexico'' (usually referred to as ''FNA'') is a multivolume work describing the native plants and naturalized plants of North America, including the United States, Canada, St. Pierre and Miquelon, and Greenla ...

treatment. Common names for the genus include "rattlesnake root" and "white lettuce." The latter reflects its close relationship to lettuce (''

Lactuca sativa Lettuce (''Lactuca sativa'') is an annual plant of the family Asteraceae. It is most often grown as a leaf vegetable, but sometimes for its stem and seeds. Lettuce is most often used for salads, although it is also seen in other kinds of food, ...

'') but having flowers that are whitish or purplish-white in some species. Many (perhaps all) of the species are

monocarpic Monocarpic plants are those that flower and set seeds only once, and then die. The term is derived from Greek (''mono'', "single" + ''karpos'', "fruit" or "grain"), and was first used by Alphonse de Candolle. Other terms with the same meaning are ...

perennials, in which an individual plant may live for multiple years in a vegetative condition but then will die after flowering and fruiting.

Natural history

White lettuce is firmly identified with common lettuce, ''Lactuca sativa''. ''Lactuca sativa'' has its inceptions in the Middle East. Egyptian divider paintings of Min, the divine force of fruitfulness, portray lettuce in development in around 2700 B.C. The erect plant like present day romaine, with a thick stem and smooth sap had sexual meanings. Min devoured lettuce as a consecrated nourishment for sexual stamina, and conventional Egyptians utilized the oil of the wild seeds for medication, cooking, and preservation . After some time, the Egyptians reared their wild-type lettuce to have leaves that were not so much harsh but rather more attractive. The developed plants were as yet tall and upstanding, with discrete leaves instead of heads. The Greeks figured out how to develop lettuce from the Egyptians. They utilized it restoratively as a narcotic and served it as a plate of mixed greens toward the start of dinners to help with assimilation. They likewise kept on developing it for more delectable leaves. In Greek folklore, Aphrodite's sweetheart Adonis was murdered in a bed of lettuce by a pig sent differently by Artemis, who was desirous of his chasing ability, or by Persephone, who was jealous of his fondness for Aphrodite, or by Ares, who was envious of Aphrodite. Whoever the prompting god was, lettuce was related with male feebleness and demise, prompting its introduction at memorial services. The Greeks passed their lettuce-developing information on to the Romans, who named the plant "lactuca," signifying "milk," for its white sap. In time, "lactuca" turned into the English word "lettuce," while the Roman name was safeguarded in the family name for lettuce and its relatives.

Species

''Nabalus'' species include:

Asian ''Nabalus'' species

* ''

Nabalus acerifolius ''Nabalus'' is a genus of Asian and North American flowering plants in the tribe Cichorieae within the family Asteraceae. ''Nabalus'' is now considered the correct name for a group of plants in North America that were formerly considered to be ...

'' - Japan * ''

Nabalus angustilobus ''Nabalus'' is a genus of Asian and North American flowering plants in the tribe Cichorieae within the family Asteraceae. ''Nabalus'' is now considered the correct name for a group of plants in North America that were formerly considered to be ...

'' -

Sichuan Sichuan (; zh, c=, labels=no, ; zh, p=Sìchuān; alternatively romanized as Szechuan or Szechwan; formerly also referred to as "West China" or "Western China" by Protestant missions) is a province in Southwest China occupying most of the ...

* ''

Nabalus faberi ''Nabalus'' is a genus of Asian and North American flowering plants in the tribe Cichorieae within the family Asteraceae. ''Nabalus'' is now considered the correct name for a group of plants in North America that were formerly considered to be ...

'' -

Guizhou Guizhou (; formerly Kweichow) is a landlocked province in the southwest region of the People's Republic of China. Its capital and largest city is Guiyang, in the center of the province. Guizhou borders the autonomous region of Guangxi to t ...

* ''

Nabalus leptanthus ''Nabalus'' is a genus of Asian and North American flowering plants in the tribe Cichorieae within the family Asteraceae. ''Nabalus'' is now considered the correct name for a group of plants in North America that were formerly considered to be ...

'' -

* ''

Nabalus nipponicus ''Nabalus'' is a genus of Asian and North American flowering plants in the tribe Cichorieae within the family Asteraceae. ''Nabalus'' is now considered the correct name for a group of plants in North America that were formerly considered to be ...

'' - Japan * ''

Nabalus ochroleucus ''Nabalus'' is a genus of Asian and North American flowering plants in the tribe Cichorieae within the family Asteraceae. ''Nabalus'' is now considered the correct name for a group of plants in North America that were formerly considered to be ...

'' -

Primorye Primorsky Krai (russian: Приморский край, r=Primorsky kray, p=prʲɪˈmorskʲɪj kraj), informally known as Primorye (, ), is a federal subject (a krai) of Russia, located in the Far East region of the country and is a part of the ...

Jilin Jilin (; alternately romanized as Kirin or Chilin) is one of the three provinces of Northeast China. Its capital and largest city is Changchun. Jilin borders North Korea (Rasŏn, North Hamgyong, Ryanggang and Chagang) and Russia (Prim ...

Korea Korea ( ko, 한국, or , ) is a peninsular region in East Asia. Since 1945, it has been divided at or near the 38th parallel, with North Korea (Democratic People's Republic of Korea) comprising its northern half and South Korea (Republic o ...

, Japan * ''

Nabalus pyramidalis ''Nabalus'' is a genus of Asian and North American flowering plants in the tribe Cichorieae within the family Asteraceae. ''Nabalus'' is now considered the correct name for a group of plants in North America that were formerly considered to be ...

'' -

* ''

Nabalus racemiformis ''Nabalus'' is a genus of Asian and North American flowering plants in the tribe Cichorieae within the family Asteraceae. ''Nabalus'' is now considered the correct name for a group of plants in North America that were formerly considered to be ...

'' -

Hebei Hebei or , (; alternately Hopeh) is a northern province of China. Hebei is China's sixth most populous province, with over 75 million people. Shijiazhuang is the capital city. The province is 96% Han Chinese, 3% Manchu, 0.8% Hui, an ...

* ''

Nabalus tatarinowii ''Nabalus'' is a genus of Asian and North American flowering plants in the tribe Cichorieae within the family Asteraceae. ''Nabalus'' is now considered the correct name for a group of plants in North America that were formerly considered to be ...

'' - China,

North American ''Nabalus'' species

* ''

Nabalus alatus ''Nabalus'' is a genus of Asian and North American flowering plants in the tribe Cichorieae within the family Asteraceae. ''Nabalus'' is now considered the correct name for a group of plants in North America that were formerly considered to be ...

'' - western rattlesnake root - AK BC

ALB The alb (from the Latin ''albus'', meaning ''white''), one of the liturgical vestments of the Roman Catholic, Anglican, Lutheran, Methodist, Presbyterian, Reformed and Congregational churches, is an ample white garment coming down to the ank ...

WA OR ID MT * '' Nabalus albus'' - white rattlesnake root - SAS

MAN A man is an adult male human. Prior to adulthood, a male human is referred to as a boy (a male child or adolescent). Like most other male mammals, a man's genome usually inherits an X chromosome from the mother and a Y chromos ...

ONT QUE United States (Great Lakes, Northeast, Appalachians) * '' Nabalus altissimus'' - tall rattlesnake root -

ONT QUE NB NS United States (Northeast, Southeast, South-central) * '' Nabalus asper'' - rough rattlesnake root - United States (

Great Plains The Great Plains (french: Grandes Plaines), sometimes simply "the Plains", is a broad expanse of flatland in North America. It is located west of the Mississippi River and east of the Rocky Mountains, much of it covered in prairie, steppe, an ...

Mississippi Valley The Mississippi River is the List of longest rivers of the United States (by main stem), second-longest river and chief river of the second-largest Drainage system (geomorphology), drainage system in North America, second only to the Hudson B ...

) * '' Nabalus autumnalis'' - slender rattlesnake root - MS FL SC NC VA DE NJ * '' Nabalus barbatus'' - barbed rattlesnake root - TX OK AR LA KY TN MS AL GA * '' Nabalus boottii '' - Boott’s rattlesnake root - NY VT NH ME (possibly a synonym of ''Prenanthes boottii'')Compositae Working Group (CWG) (2021). Global Compositae Database. Prenanthes boottii (DC.) A.Gray. Accessed at: https://www.compositae.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=1102104 on 2021-05-23
treats ''Nabalus boottii'' (Torr. & A.Gray) DC. instead as '' Prenanthes boottii'' (DC.) A.Gray * '' Nabalus crepidineus'' - nodding rattlesnake root - MN IA MO AR TN KY IL IN WI MI OH WV PA NY * '' Nabalus × mainensis'' 'N. racemosus'' × ''trifoliolatus''- Maine rattlesnake root - NY QUE ME NS NB * '' Nabalus racemosus'' - glaucous rattlesnake root - Canada, northern United States * ''

Nabalus roanensis ''Nabalus'' is a genus of Asian and North American flowering plants in the tribe Cichorieae within the family Asteraceae. ''Nabalus'' is now considered the correct name for a group of plants in North America that were formerly considered to be m ...

'' - Roan Mountain rattlesnake root - southern Appalachians ( VA NC TN) * ''

Nabalus sagittatus ''Nabalus'' is a genus of Asian and North American flowering plants in the tribe Cichorieae within the family Asteraceae. ''Nabalus'' is now considered the correct name for a group of plants in North America that were formerly considered to be m ...

'' - arrow-leaf rattlesnake root - BC

ID MT * ''

Nabalus serpentarius ''Nabalus'' is a genus of Asian and North American flowering plants in the tribe Cichorieae within the family Asteraceae. ''Nabalus'' is now considered the correct name for a group of plants in North America that were formerly considered to be m ...

'' - lion's foot rattlesnake root - eastern United States ( MS + FL to NH) * ''

Nabalus trifoliolatus ''Nabalus trifoliolatus'' (syn. ''Prenanthes trifoliolata''), the gall-of-the-earth or three-leaved rattlesnake root, is a species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae The family Asteraceae, alternatively Compositae, consists of over ...

'' - three-leaved rattlesnake root - eastern

( GA to ONT + LAB)

References

{{Taxonbar, from=Q5487724 Cichorieae Asteraceae genera