The Norwegian Broadcasting Corporation ( no, Norsk rikskringkasting AS, , Norwegian Realm Broadcasting Joint-stock Company, links=no), commonly known by its initialism NRK, is the Norwegian government-owned

radio Radio is the technology of signaling and communicating using radio waves. Radio waves are electromagnetic waves of frequency between 30 hertz (Hz) and 300 gigahertz (GHz). They are generated by an electronic device called a transmit ...

and

television Television, sometimes shortened to TV, is a telecommunication medium for transmitting moving images and sound. The term can refer to a television set, or the medium of television transmission. Television is a mass medium for advertisin ...

public broadcasting company, and the largest media organisation in Norway. All other TV channels, broadcast from Norway, were banned between 1960 and 1981. NRK broadcasts three national TV channels and thirteen national radio channels on digital terrestrial television, digital terrestrial radio and subscription television. All NRK radio stations are streamed online at NRK.no, which also offers an extensive TV service. NRK is a founding member of the

European Broadcasting Union The European Broadcasting Union (EBU; french: Union européenne de radio-télévision, links=no, UER) is an alliance of Public broadcasting, public service media organisations whose countries are within the European Broadcasting Area or who ar ...

Financing

Until the start of 2020, about 94% of NRK's funding came from a mandatory annual licence fee payable by anyone who owns or uses a TV or device capable of receiving TV broadcasts. The remainder came from commercial activities such as programme and DVD sales, spin-off products, and certain types of sponsorships. NRK's license income in 2012 was more than 5 billion

NOK Nok is a village in Jaba Local Government Area of Kaduna State, Nigeria. The village is an archeological site. Archaeology The discovery of terracotta figurines at this location caused its name to be used for the Nok culture, of which these ...

. In the autumn of 2015, the government announced that it planned to change the way NRK is financed. This was in part a reaction to the decline of TV ownership in Norway. From the start of 2020, NRK funding is an item in the national budget and the costs are covered through taxation for each individual liable for income taxes in Norway.

History

, a privately owned company and the predecessor of NRK, started regular radio broadcasts in Norway in 1925. NRK itself was founded in 1933. Based on a model similar to that of the

BBC #REDIRECT BBC #REDIRECT BBC #REDIRECT BBC Here i going to introduce about the best teacher of my life b BALAJI sir. He is the precious gift that I got befor 2yrs . How has helped and thought all the concept and made my success in the 10th board ex ...

and located in

Oslo Oslo ( , , or ; sma, Oslove) is the capital and most populous city of Norway. It constitutes both a county and a municipality. The municipality of Oslo had a population of in 2022, while the city's greater urban area had a population of ...

, it was a replacement for privately operated radio stations in larger cities. NRK initially set out to cover the entire country and had a monopoly on broadcasting in Norway. The monopoly came under intense pressure when Norwegian TV companies began broadcasting from abroad in addition to international cable TV.

Cable TV Cable television is a system of delivering television programming to consumers via radio frequency (RF) signals transmitted through coaxial cables, or in more recent systems, light pulses through fibre-optic cables. This contrasts with broadc ...

started in 1982 and satellite TV in 1986 (the launch of

TV3 Channel 3 or TV 3 may refer to: Television *Canal 3 (Burkina Faso), a commercial television channel in Burkina Faso *Canal 3 (Guatemala), a commercial television channel in Guatemala *Channel 3 (Algeria), a public Algerian TV channel owned by EPTV ...

in 1987 and

TVNorge TVNorge (literally "TVNorway"; originally abbreviated TVN, now just abbreviated N in the logos) is a Norwegian television channel owned by Warner Bros. Discovery EMEA. History TVNorge went on the air on 5 December 1988 and was the first adver ...

in 1988). It was not until the launch of TV 2 on 5 September 1992, that NRK's monopoly on television broadcasting in Norway ended. During the Nazi German occupation, Norwegian transmitters were used to broadcast Nazi German war propaganda to

Northern Europe The northern region of Europe has several definitions. A restrictive definition may describe Northern Europe as being roughly north of the southern coast of the Baltic Sea, which is about 54th parallel north, 54°N, or may be based on other g ...

(particularly

Scotland Scotland (, ) is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. Covering the northern third of the island of Great Britain, mainland Scotland has a border with England to the southeast and is otherwise surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean to the ...

and the northern half of

Ireland Ireland ( ; ga, Éire ; Ulster Scots dialect, Ulster-Scots: ) is an island in the Atlantic Ocean, North Atlantic Ocean, in Northwestern Europe, north-western Europe. It is separated from Great Britain to its east by the North Channel (Grea ...

, where the sea path ensured a good signal) and

Scandinavia Scandinavia; Sámi languages: /. ( ) is a subregion#Europe, subregion in Northern Europe, with strong historical, cultural, and linguistic ties between its constituent peoples. In English usage, ''Scandinavia'' most commonly refers to Denmark, ...

. Prior to the Nazi German occupation, NRK had also been partly financed by radio commercials. NRK was one of 23 founding broadcasting organisations of the

, which was founded in 1950. In 1954, NRK started broadcasting television shows, on a trial basis. Regular broadcasts started in 1960. In 1969, NRK adopted a new version of its corporate logo which consists of the lowercased "nrk" wordmark that has the letter "n" being made up of a rectangle and a reversed-italic rectangle, the letter "r" being made up of a rectangle and a circle, and the letter "k" being made up of a rectangle and reflecting-mirrored italic rectangles. NRK was the last of the major European public broadcasters to introduce a second radio station, officially starting as late as 1984. In 1993, NRK launched a third radio station, the youth-oriented '' P3''. A 24-hour station for classical music, (now called "

NRK Klassisk NRK Klassisk is a digital radio channel operated by the Norwegian Broadcasting Corporation (NRK) which broadcasts classical music 24 hours a day. History NRK Klassisk was launched in Oslo on 1 June 1995 as the world’s first all-digital radi ...

"), introduced in 1995, was the first of its kind to be broadcast digitally using

digital audio broadcasting Digital radio is the use of digital technology to transmit or receive across the radio spectrum. Digital transmission by radio waves includes digital broadcasting, and especially digital audio radio services. Types In digital broadcasting syst ...

. The 24-hour news station '' Alltid Nyheter'' started in 1997, followed by a radio station for teenagers, ''mP3'' in 2000, which mostly plays pop music. On 1 September 1996, a second television channel called

NRK2 NRK2 (NRK To) is one of the TV channels of the Norwegian Broadcasting Corporation (NRK). It was launched on 1 September 1996. History The channel started its regular broadcasts on 1 September 1996, but the evening before, a live simulcast, led ...

was launched. The original television channel is now known as

NRK1 NRK1 (pronounced as ''"NRK en"'' or ''"- ein"'') is the Norwegian Broadcasting Corporation's (NRK) main television channel. History Test broadcasts started on 12 January 1954, regular test broadcasts started on 13 April 1958 and regular broadca ...

. On 3 September 2007, NRK launched its third channel: a youth channel called NRK3. Later that year, on 1 December, NRK launched its fourth television channel, NRK Super, which is aimed at children. NRK3 and NRK Super share the same channel, with NRK Super broadcasting from 06:00 to 19:30 and NRK3 from 19:30 to 06:00. In 1999, following NRK Interaktiv's relaunch as NRK.no, NRK redesigned its corporate logo (that was introduced in 1969), so that it could be similar to its old version. This new version of NRK's corporate logo made its first appearance in an ident in 2000 by making its overhaul to NRK's radio and television channels. A traditional music radio station, ''NRK'' (now known as "

NRK Folkemusikk NRK Folkemusikk is NRK's tenth radio channel, and was the first in Norway to be broadcast exclusively via DAB and Internet. The channel broadcasts music only, without presenters. The music consists of both new and old traditional Norwegian folk mu ...

") was launched in 2004 on DAB and internet radio. NRK radiohuset Marienlyst

NRK's international radio transmissions, known as , began

shortwave Shortwave radio is radio transmission using shortwave (SW) radio frequencies. There is no official definition of the band, but the range always includes all of the high frequency band (HF), which extends from 3 to 30 MHz (100 to 10 me ...

transmission in 1948. Initially broadcasting in Norwegian, English-language programs were added later. The service was discontinued on 1 January 2002. All NRK broadcasting activities on shortwave ceased on 1 January 2004. NRK's

mediumwave Medium wave (MW) is the part of the medium frequency (MF) radio band used mainly for AM radio broadcasting. The spectrum provides about 120 channels with more limited sound quality than FM stations on the FM broadcast band. During the daytime ...

transmitter at

Kvitsøy Kvitsøy is an island municipality in Rogaland county, Norway. At only , it is the smallest municipality in Norway by area and one of the smallest by population. Kvitsøy is located in the traditional district of Ryfylke. The administrative cen ...

on 1314

kHz The hertz (symbol: Hz) is the unit of frequency in the International System of Units (SI), equivalent to one event (or cycle) per second. The hertz is an SI derived unit whose expression in terms of SI base units is s−1, meaning that on ...

used to be widely heard internationally and was one of the most commonly heard trans-Atlantic DX signals in eastern

North America North America is a continent in the Northern Hemisphere and almost entirely within the Western Hemisphere. It is bordered to the north by the Arctic Ocean, to the east by the Atlantic Ocean, to the southeast by South America and the Car ...

. The frequency carried a mixture of NRK's radio channels P1 and P2, and was called (literally "The Europe Channel"). However, these mediumwave transmissions were discontinued on 1 July 2006. All of NRK's radio stations are now available on the internet. Several of NRK's

television programmes A television show – or simply TV show – is any content produced for viewing on a television set which can be broadcast via over-the-air, satellite, or cable, excluding breaking news, advertisements, or trailers that are typically placed betw ...

are also available on the internet. On 16 April 2015, the Norwegian Ministry of Culture announced its intention to eventually switch off all FM transmitters in the country, with the first such transmitter expected to be switched off on 11 January 2017, therefore making Norway the first country in the world to completely transition to

digital radio Digital radio is the use of digital technology to transmit or receive across the radio spectrum. Digital transmission by radio waves includes digital broadcasting, and especially digital audio radio services. Types In digital broadcasting syst ...

. According to the Ministry of Culture, the decision was justified because transmitting through the FM network was eight times more expensive than transmitting through digital audio broadcasting, and because only five national radio stations are transmitting on FM, compared to the 42 digital radio stations allocated in Norway, with 22 stations transmitting on the latter. NRK Radio is expected to transition from FM to digital radio before commercial radio stations do so. NRK claimed to have the longest-running radio show, ''

Lørdagsbarnetimen ''Lørdagsbarnetimen'' ("The Saturday Children's Hour") was a children's radio programme produced by the Norwegian Broadcasting Corporation (NRK) and broadcast every Saturday – a forced interruption during World War II aside – from 20 Decembe ...

'' (''The Saturday Children's Hour''), which ran from 20 December 1924 until 11 September 2010. In 2017, NRK asked five architectural firms to present sketches for possible development and use of NRK's area at Marienlyst, should NRK move rather than improve the property. In 2019, work began to find the best site for a new building, and in 2020 the property on Marienlyst was sold to Ferd Eiendom for NOK 3.75 billion. Close to 100 different locations were considered for the new head office, but Gamle Oslo, Bryn, Storo Løren, Lillestrøm-Puls and Lilleaker were the most relevant options. Director of relocation Jon Espen Lohne in NRK, said in 2020 that they have ambitions to get the country to choose a site before the end of the year. In May 2021, it was announced that NRK had decided to move to Ensjø, and that the price for the property was NOK 800 million.

Organisation

The CEO began major organisational changes in 2008, with the aim of creating a more agile NRK, while still adhering to the principles of the broadcaster-producer model introduced in January 2001. By January 2009, the number of programme-producing divisions had been reduced from five to three, separated more along geographical than functional lines, and at the same time simplifying trading in the internal market. The programme-producing divisions are: * ''Marienlyst'' covering all facilities in

* ''Distrikt'', encompassing all regional offices and with their headquarters in

Trondheim Trondheim ( , , ; sma, Tråante), historically Kaupangen, Nidaros and Trondhjem (), is a city and municipality in Trøndelag county, Norway. As of 2020, it had a population of 205,332, was the third most populous municipality in Norway, and ...

* ''Sami'', the producer of Sámi programmes situated in Karasjok

Vibeke Fürst Haugen Vibeke Fürst Haugen (born 20 May 1968) is a Norwegian media executive. From 2022 she serves as Director-General of the Norwegian Broadcasting Corporation. Career Born in Oslo on 20 May 1968, Fürst Haugen graduated as cand.mag. from the Univer ...

has been director-general of the Norwegian Broadcasting Corporation since 29 April 2022. The previous directors were

Olav Midttun Olav Midttun (8 April 1883 – 5 January 1972) was a Norwegian philologist, biographer, magazine editor, and the first national program director of the Norwegian Broadcasting Corporation (NRK). He was born in Mauranger as a son of teacher J ...

(1934–1947, except during the

Nazi occupation German-occupied Europe refers to the sovereign countries of Europe which were wholly or partly occupied and civil-occupied (including puppet governments) by the military forces and the government of Nazi Germany at various times between 1939 an ...

Kaare Fostervoll Kaare Fostervoll (3 December 1891 – 6 July 1981) was a Norwegian educator and politician for the Labour Party. From 1949 to 1962 he was the director-general of the Norwegian Broadcasting Corporation (NRK). Early career He was born in Kristia ...

(1948–1962),

Hans Jacob Ustvedt Hans Jacob Neumann Ustvedt (4 July 1903 – 26 January 1982) was a Norwegian medical doctor and broadcasting administrator. He was a driving force of the doctors' resistance during World War II, had to flee to Sweden in 1942, and was leading ...

(1962–1971),

Torolf Elster Torolf Elster (27 May 1911 – 4 November 2006) was a Norwegian newspaper and radio journalist, magazine editor, novelist, crime fiction writer and writer of short stories. He was Director-General of the Norwegian Broadcasting Corporation (NR ...

(1972–1981),

Bjartmar Gjerde Bjartmar Alv Gjerde (6 November 1931 – 28 November 2009) was a Norwegian politician for the Labour Party. He held several posts as a government minister between 1971 and 1980, and was Norway's first Minister of Petroleum and Energy. He was late ...

(1981–1988),

Einar Førde Einar Førde (20 January 1943 – 26 September 2004) was a Norwegian journalist and politician of the Labour Party. He served as Minister of Education and Church Affairs from 1979 to 1981, and director-general of the Norwegian Broadcasting Corpo ...

(1989–2001),

John G. Bernander John Gordon Bernander (born 22 September 1957) is a Norwegian politician for the Conservative Party and former director-general of the Norwegian Broadcasting Corporation (NRK) and the Confederation of Norwegian Enterprise. Early life and career H ...

(2001–2007),

Hans-Tore Bjerkaas Hans-Tore Bjerkaas (born 7 June 1951 in Tromsø) is a former Director-General of the Norwegian Broadcasting Corporation (NRK). He began his broadcasting career in 1977, joining NRK's Troms region, where he was deputy editor. Later, he was appoin ...

(2007–2012) and

Thor Gjermund Eriksen Thor Gjermund Eriksen (born 2 October 1966) is a Norwegian journalist and editor who has been Director-General of the Norwegian Broadcasting Corporation from 2013 to 2022. Career Journalistic career Born in Oslo, he was hired as a journalist in ' ...

(2012-2022). After WW2, all but Hans-Tore Bjerkaas and John G. Bernander had been active politically in socialist parties. The current director-general, Vibeke Fürst Haugen, came from the position of director of the Marienlyst-division of NRK in Oslo. The chairman of the board is Birger Magnus, Marius Lillelien heads the broadcasting department, and the head of the news department is Marius Tetlie. In 2017, NRK employed 3419 and 266 temporary staff.

Notable television programmes

NRK productions

* ''

Dagsnytt Atten ''Dagsnytt Atten'' ("''Day's news eighteen''") is a daily news magazine from Norwegian radio station NRK P2. Broadcast every weekday at 18:00, the programme hosts discussions and debates on the topics of the day featuring politicians and other Nor ...

'' * '' Dagsrevyen'' * '' Melodi Grand Prix'' (The Norwegian national selection for

Eurovision Song Contest The Eurovision Song Contest (), sometimes abbreviated to ESC and often known simply as Eurovision, is an international songwriting competition organised annually by the European Broadcasting Union (EBU), featuring participants representing pr ...

) * '' Nytt på nytt'' * '' Skam'' * ''

Skavlan ''Skavlan'' was a Norwegian-Swedish television talk show hosted by Norwegian journalist Fredrik Skavlan. It premiered in Sweden on Sveriges Television (SVT) in January 2009, and the first guests to appear on the show were former Prime Minister o ...

'' and ''

Først & sist ''Først & sist'' ("First and Last") was a Norwegian talk show and was, at the time, the most-viewed talk show in the Nordic countries. It was hosted by Fredrik Skavlan and aired on NRK in Norway. The show first aired in 1998 and was broadcast ...

'' * ''

Urix ''Urix'' is a foreign affairs television newsmagazine aired Monday to Thursday night on the Norwegian television channel NRK2, a subsidiary channel of the Norwegian Broadcasting Corporation (NRK). The first show aired on 2 September 2002, and is ...

Other shows

* Eurovision Song Contest 1986, Eurovision Song Contest 1996 and

Eurovision Song Contest 2010 The Eurovision Song Contest 2010 was the 55th edition of the Eurovision Song Contest. It took place in Oslo, Norway, following the country's victory at the with the song "Fairytale (Alexander Rybak song), Fairytale" by Alexander Rybak. Organise ...

* ''

Slow television Slow television, or slow TV ( no, sakte-TV), is a term used for a genre of "marathon" television coverage of an ordinary event in its complete length. Its name is derived both from the long endurance of the broadcast as well as from the natural sl ...

Channels

Radio

NRK P1 NRK P1 is a nationwide digital radio channel operated by the Norwegian Broadcasting Corporation (NRK). It is the result of the NRK radio channel reform initiated in 1993 by radio director Tor Fuglevik. NRK P1 is the direct descendant of NRK's firs ...

– generalist channel, with regional opt outs * NRK P2 – cultural channel *

NRK P3 NRK P3 is a nationwide digital radio channel operated by the Norwegian Broadcasting Corporation (NRK). It was established as NRK's third radio channel in 1993, and was the result of the NRK radio channel reform initiated in 1992 by radio dire ...

– youth oriented channel *

NRK Nyheter NRK News (in Norwegian: NRK Nyheter) is the Norwegian Broadcasting Corporation's news organisation. It produces news around the clock for radio and television in Norwegian and Sami. There are two main newsrooms, one for radio (''NRK Dagsnytt'') ...

– 24/7 news * NRK Vær sør 24/7 weather forecast *

– 24/7 Traditional Norwegian folk music *

NRK P1+ NRK P1+ is a radio station, run by Norwegian Broadcasting Corporation (NRK). It is broadcast on DAB and online. The channel has its origin from NRK P1 and is intended for an adult audience. The broadcasts started on 2 October 2013 as part of NRK' ...

– A spinoff of P1, targeting a mature audience * NRK P13 – 24/7 rock and indie music *

NRK Jazz NRK Jazz is a Norwegian radio station operated by the Norwegian Broadcasting Corporation (NRK) that broadcasts jazz on DAB Digital Radio Digital radio is the use of digital technology to transmit or receive across the radio spectrum. Digital t ...

– 24/7 classical music *

NRK mP3 NRK P3 is a nationwide digital radio channel operated by the Norwegian Broadcasting Corporation (NRK). It was established as NRK's third radio channel in 1993, and was the result of the NRK radio channel reform initiated in 1992 by radio dire ...

– 24/7 dance music (also called mP3) * NRK Sápmi – in

Sami languages Acronyms * SAMI, ''Synchronized Accessible Media Interchange'', a closed-captioning format developed by Microsoft * Saudi Arabian Military Industries, a government-owned defence company * South African Malaria Initiative, a virtual expertise net ...

* NRK Sport – 24/7 sports channel * NRK Super – 24/7 for children

Television

* NRK3 / NRK Super

Regional broadcasting

NRK has 12 regional offices around Norway. Each office has its own broadcasts on both television (on NRK 1) and radio (on NRK P1), as well their own news sites on the internet. They also contribute news coverage to national news programmes. NRK's headquarters are at Marienlyst in

and Tyholt in

FM radio switch-off

Norway Norway, officially the Kingdom of Norway, is a Nordic country in Northern Europe, the mainland territory of which comprises the western and northernmost portion of the Scandinavian Peninsula. The remote Arctic island of Jan Mayen and t ...

was the first country to announce a complete switch-off of national

FM radio FM broadcasting is a method of radio broadcasting using frequency modulation (FM). Invented in 1933 by American engineer Edwin Armstrong, wide-band FM is used worldwide to provide high fidelity sound over broadcast radio. FM broadcasting is cap ...

stations, including

with regional services, NRK P2 and

, NRK mP3 and

NRK Alltid Nyheter NRK Nyheter () is a Norwegian all-news radio channel operated by the Norwegian Broadcasting Corporation (NRK). It was launched on 14 April 1997 (as ''NRK Alltid nyheter'') as part of an effort to attract listeners to DAB digital radio, and was the ...

. Switch off started on 11 January 2017, and ended on 13 December 2017. From 2018, all FM transmitters are replaced with broadcast via DAB +,

internet The Internet (or internet) is the global system of interconnected computer networks that uses the Internet protocol suite (TCP/IP) to communicate between networks and devices. It is a '' network of networks'' that consists of private, pub ...

and cable.

2019 NRK controversy

In July 2019, a cartoon produced and posted on NRK’s Facebook page was widely panned for antisemitism. It featured an orthodox Jew participating in a game of Scrabble, where his opponent is hesitant to lay down his point-scoring yet deeply offensive word "Jew swine". The network received over 300 complaint letters. NRK denied accusations of antisemitism, but removed the description "tag a Jew" from the video. The network previously apologized for spoofing the Holocaust in a 2016 cartoon, which has still not been removed.https://www.facebook.com/groups/1896073337274685

References

Notes

External links

*
About NRK

NRK's History in Brief

NRK's Channels

Television schedules

NRK Media Player for TV
(Available for Norwegian

IP address An Internet Protocol address (IP address) is a numerical label such as that is connected to a computer network that uses the Internet Protocol for communication.. Updated by . An IP address serves two main functions: network interface ident ...

es only)
Radio schedules, Internet radio

NRK Media Player for Radio

yr.no: Online weather service

ut.no: Hiking traimls and cabins
{{authority control Government-owned companies of Norway Television networks in Norway Publicly funded broadcasters Television companies of Norway Commercial-free television networks Mass media companies of Norway European Broadcasting Union members Multilingual broadcasters Mass media companies established in 1933 1933 establishments in Norway Television channels and stations established in 1954 Norwegian news websites