NINA was a

particle accelerator A particle accelerator is a machine that uses electromagnetic fields to propel charged particles to very high speeds and energies, and to contain them in well-defined beams. Large accelerators are used for fundamental research in particle ...

located at

Daresbury Laboratory Daresbury Laboratory is a scientific research laboratory based at Sci-Tech Daresbury campus near Daresbury in Halton, Cheshire, England. The laboratory began operations in 1962 and was officially opened on 16 June 1967 as the Daresbury Nuclear ...

, UK that was used for

particle physics Particle physics or high energy physics is the study of fundamental particles and forces that constitute matter and radiation. The fundamental particles in the universe are classified in the Standard Model as fermions (matter particles) an ...

and

synchrotron radiation Synchrotron radiation (also known as magnetobremsstrahlung radiation) is the electromagnetic radiation emitted when relativistic charged particles are subject to an acceleration perpendicular to their velocity (). It is produced artificially in ...

Introduction

Given government UK approval in 1962,NINA-the 4 GeV Electron Synchrotron of the Science Research Council, A.W.Merrison, Contemp. Phys. 1967, Vol. 8, No. 4, 373-384. NINA was a 70.19m, 4 GeV electron

Synchrotron A synchrotron is a particular type of cyclic particle accelerator, descended from the cyclotron, in which the accelerating particle beam travels around a fixed closed-loop path. The magnetic field which bends the particle beam into its closed p ...

built in 1964 at the

site in Cheshire, England to study particle physics.Daresbury Laboratory, W Gelletly 1992 Meas. Sci. Technol. 3 239 This was the first facility at this site and gave birth to the second national laboratory (after

Rutherford Appleton Laboratory The Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (RAL) is one of the national scientific research laboratories in the UK operated by the Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC). It began as the Rutherford High Energy Laboratory, merged with the Atlas ...

). Along with other particle physics accelerators, scientists had been using the

Synchrotron radiation Synchrotron radiation (also known as magnetobremsstrahlung radiation) is the electromagnetic radiation emitted when relativistic charged particles are subject to an acceleration perpendicular to their velocity (). It is produced artificially in ...

produced by NINA for its unique properties. By 1975 over 50 scientists with affiliations to more than 16 institutions were at work on NINA exploiting this by product of the particle accelerator. This led to the conversion of the NINA ring into a dedicated source of synchrotron radiation at a cost of £3M at 1974 prices. The particle physics was to be exported to

CERN The European Organization for Nuclear Research, known as CERN (; ; ), is an intergovernmental organization that operates the largest particle physics laboratory in the world. Established in 1954, it is based in a northwestern suburb of Gene ...

, at the time a proposed 400 GeV machine. Whilst the majority of NINA was reused onsite for the new SRS, some parts were repurposed at other facilities, including the 90 ton Choke which became a key part of the operation of the

ISIS neutron source The ISIS Neutron and Muon Source is a pulsed neutron and muon source, established 1984 at the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory of the Science and Technology Facilities Council, on the Harwell Science and Innovation Campus in Oxfordshire, Unite ...

at the Rutherford Appleton Lab.Replacement of the ISIS white circuit choke, Proceedings of EPAC08, Genoa, Italy. S West et al.

Specifications

Design Energy was 4 GeV and was reached in 1966 By the time NINA was closed it had been upgraded to 6GeV. NINA contained 40 electro magnets Initial acceleration was performed by a 40MeV linac in a tunnel outside the ring

References

Particle accelerators Particle physics facilities Particle experiments Research institutes in Cheshire Synchrotron radiation facilities {{Accelerator-stub