NASA Extreme Environment Mission Operations, or NEEMO, is a

NASA The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA ) is an independent agency of the US federal government responsible for the civil space program, aeronautics research, and space research. NASA was established in 1958, succeeding t ...

analog mission Human analog missions are activities undertaken on Earth in various environments to simulate aspects of human missions to other worlds, including the Moon, asteroids, and Mars. These remote field tests are performed in locations that are identifie ...

that sends groups of astronauts, engineers and scientists to live in the

Aquarius Aquarius may refer to: Astrology * Aquarius (astrology), an astrological sign * Age of Aquarius, a time period in the cycle of astrological ages Astronomy * Aquarius (constellation) * Aquarius in Chinese astronomy Arts and entertainme ...

underwater laboratory, the world's only undersea research station, for up to three weeks at a time in preparation for future

space exploration Space exploration is the use of astronomy and space technology to explore outer space. While the exploration of space is carried out mainly by astronomers with telescopes, its physical exploration though is conducted both by robotic spacec ...

. Aquarius is an

underwater habitat Underwater habitats are underwater structures in which people can live for extended periods and carry out most of the basic human functions of a 24-hour day, such as working, resting, eating, attending to personal hygiene, and sleeping. In thi ...

off

Key Largo, Florida Key Largo is a census-designated place in Monroe County, Florida, United States, located on the island of Key Largo in the upper Florida Keys. The population was 12,447 at the 2020 census. The name comes from the Spanish ''Cayo Largo'', or "lon ...

, in the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary. It is deployed on the ocean floor next to deep coral reefs below the surface. NASA has used it since 2001 for a series of space exploration simulation missions, usually lasting 7 to 14 days, with space research mainly conducted by international

astronaut An astronaut (from the Ancient Greek (), meaning 'star', and (), meaning 'sailor') is a person trained, equipped, and deployed by a human spaceflight program to serve as a commander or crew member aboard a spacecraft. Although generally r ...

s. The mission had cost about 500 million U.S. dollars. The crew members are called

aquanaut An aquanaut is any person who remains underwater, breathing at the ambient pressure for long enough for the concentration of the inert components of the breathing gas dissolved in the body tissues to reach equilibrium, in a state known as satura ...

s (as they live underwater at depth pressure for a period equal to or greater than 24 continuous hours without returning to the surface), and they perform EVAs in the underwater environment. A technique known as

saturation diving Saturation diving is diving for periods long enough to bring all tissues into equilibrium with the partial pressures of the inert components of the breathing gas used. It is a diving mode that reduces the number of decompressions divers working ...

allows the aquanauts to live and work underwater for days or weeks at a time. After twenty four hours underwater at any depth, the human body becomes saturated with dissolved gas. With saturation diving, divers can accurately predict exactly how much time they need to decompress before returning to the surface. This information limits the risk of

decompression sickness Decompression sickness (abbreviated DCS; also called divers' disease, the bends, aerobullosis, and caisson disease) is a medical condition caused by dissolved gases emerging from solution as bubbles inside the body tissues during decompressio ...

. By living in the Aquarius habitat and working at the same depth on the ocean floor, NEEMO crews are able to remain underwater for the duration of their mission. For NASA, the Aquarius habitat and its surroundings provide a convincing analog for space exploration. Much like space, the undersea world is a hostile, alien place for humans to live. NEEMO crew members experience some of the same challenges there that they would on a distant asteroid, planet (i.e. Mars) or Moon. During NEEMO missions, the aquanauts are able to simulate living on a spacecraft and test spacewalk techniques for future space missions. Working in space and underwater environments requires extensive planning and sophisticated equipment. The underwater condition has the additional benefit of allowing NASA to "weight" the aquanauts to simulate different gravity environments. Until 2012, Aquarius was owned by the

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (abbreviated as NOAA ) is an United States scientific and regulatory agency within the United States Department of Commerce that forecasts weather, monitors oceanic and atmospheric conditio ...

(NOAA) and operated by the National Undersea Research Center (NURC) at the University of North Carolina–Wilmington as a

marine biology Marine biology is the scientific study of the biology of marine life, organisms in the sea. Given that in biology many phyla, families and genera have some species that live in the sea and others that live on land, marine biology classifies s ...

study base. Since 2013, Aquarius is owned by

Florida International University Florida International University (FIU) is a public university, public research university with its main campus in Miami-Dade County. Founded in 1965, the school opened its doors to students in 1972. FIU has grown to become the third-largest uni ...

(FIU). As part of the FIU Marine Education and Research Initiative, the Medina Aquarius Program is dedicated to the study and preservation of marine ecosystems worldwide and is enhancing the scope and impact of FIU on research, educational outreach, technology development, and professional training. At the heart of the program is the Aquarius Reef Base.

Missions

NEEMO 1: October 21–27, 2001

NASA Aquanaut Crew: *

Bill Todd William Laurence Todd is a Project Manager for Exploration Analogs at NASA's Johnson Space Center (JSC) in Houston, Texas. He has also served as a NASA Undersea Research Team Project Lead and Spaceflight Training Simulation Supervisor at NASA JSC ...

, Commander * Michael L. Gernhardt *

Michael López-Alegría Michael López-Alegría (born Miguel Eladio López Alegría on May 30, 1958) is an astronaut, test pilot and commercial astronaut with dual nationality, American and Spanish; a veteran of three Space Shuttle missions and one International Space ...

Dafydd Williams Dafydd Rhys Williams (alternately known as David Rhys Williams) Order of Canada, OC Order of Ontario, OOnt College of Family Physicians of Canada, CCFP FCFP Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada, FRCPC Royal College of Physicians, F ...

CSA CSA may refer to: Arts and media * Canadian Screen Awards, annual awards given by the Academy of Canadian Cinema & Television * Commission on Superhuman Activities, a fictional American government agency in Marvel Comics * Crime Syndicate of Amer ...

NURC Support Crew: *

Mark Hulsbeck Mark Whitney Hulsbeck (born February 20, 1956) is an American professional aquanaut. He serves as an Oceanographic Operations Field Manager and research diver for the Aquarius Reef Base, the world's only undersea research laboratory, operated by ...

* Ryan Snow

NEEMO 2: May 13–20, 2002

NASA Aquanaut Crew: *

Michael Fincke Edward Michael "Mike"/"Spanky" Fincke (born March 14, 1967) is an American astronaut who formerly held the American record for the most time in space (381.6 days). His record was broken by Scott Kelly on October 16, 2015. Mike Fincke was bor ...

, Commander *

Daniel M. Tani Daniel M. Tani (born February 1, 1961) is an American engineer and retired NASA astronaut. He was born in Ridley Park, Pennsylvania, but considers Lombard, Illinois, to be his hometown. With Peggy Whitson, Tani conducted the 100th spacewalk on ...

Sunita Williams Sunita Lyn Williams (born September 19, 1965) is an American astronaut and United States Navy officer who formerly held the records for most spacewalks by a woman (seven) and most spacewalk time for a woman (50 hours, 40 minutes). Williams was ...

Marc Reagan Marc or MARC may refer to: People * Marc (given name), people with the first name * Marc (surname), people with the family name Acronyms * MARC standards, a data format used for library cataloging, * MARC Train, a regional commuter rail system o ...

NURC Support Crew: *Thor Dunmire * Ryan Snow

NEEMO 3: July 15–21, 2002

NASA Aquanaut Crew: * Jeffrey Williams, Commander *

Gregory Chamitoff Gregory Errol Chamitoff (born 6 August 1962) is a Canadian-born American engineer and former NASA astronaut. He has been to space twice, spending 6 months aboard the ISS across Expedition 17 and 18 in 2008, and another 15 days as part of STS-13 ...

John D. Olivas John Daniel "Danny" Olivas (born May 25, 1966 in North Hollywood, California) is an American engineer and a former NASA astronaut. Olivas has flown on two space shuttle missions, STS-117 and STS-128. He performed EVAs on both missions, totaling 3 ...

* Jonathan Dory NURC Support Crew: *Byron Croker *Michael Smith

NEEMO 4: September 23–27, 2002

NASA Aquanaut Crew: * Scott Kelly, Commander * Paul Hill *

Rex Walheim Rex Joseph Walheim (born October 10, 1962) is a retired United States Air Force officer, engineer and NASA astronaut. He flew three Space Shuttle missions, STS-110, STS-122, and STS-135. Walheim logged over 566 hours in space, including 36 hour ...

Jessica Meir Jessica Ulrika Meir (IPA: ; ; born ) is an American-Swedish NASA astronaut, marine biologist, and physiologist. She was previously an assistant professor of anesthesia at Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, following ...

NURC Support Crew: * James Talacek * Ryan Snow NEEMO5

NEEMO 5: June 16–29, 2003

NASA Aquanaut Crew: *

Peggy Whitson Peggy Annette Whitson (born February 9, 1960) is an American biochemistry researcher, retired NASA astronaut, and former NASA Chief Astronaut. Whitson has a total of 665 days in space, more than any other woman or American. Her first space mi ...

, Commander *

Clayton Anderson Clayton Conrad Anderson (born February 23, 1959) is a retired NASA astronaut. Launched on STS-117, he replaced Sunita Williams on June 10, 2007 as a member of the ISS Expedition 15 crew. He is currently an author, a motivational speaker, and a P ...

* Garrett Reisman * Emma Hwang NURC Support Crew: * James Talacek * Ryan Snow

NEEMO 6: July 12–21, 2004

NASA Aquanaut Crew: *

John Herrington John Bennett Herrington (born September 14, 1958, in Chickasaw Nation) is a retired United States Naval Aviator, engineer and former NASA astronaut. In 2002, Herrington became the first enrolled member of a Native American tribe to fly in spac ...

, Commander *

Nicholas Patrick Nicholas James MacDonald Patrick (born 19 November 1964), is a British-American engineer and a former NASA astronaut. His flight on the 2006 ''Discovery'' STS-116 mission made him the fourth person born in the United Kingdom to go into space. ...

Douglas H. Wheelock Douglas Harry "Wheels" Wheelock (born May 5, 1960) is an American engineer and astronaut. He has flown in space twice, logging 178 days on the Space Shuttle, International Space Station, and Russian Soyuz. On July 12, 2011, Wheelock announced ...

* Tara Ruttley NURC Support Crew: * Craig B. Cooper *Joseph March *

, Mission Director

NEEMO 7: October 11–21, 2004

NASA Aquanaut Crew: *

Robert Thirsk Robert Brent "Bob" Thirsk, (born August 17, 1953) is a Canadian engineer and physician, and a former Canadian Space Agency astronaut. He holds the Canadian record for the most time spent in space (204 days 18 hours). He became an officer of th ...

, Commander *

Catherine Coleman Catherine Grace "Cady" Coleman (born December 14, 1960) is an American chemist, an engineer, a former United States Air Force colonel, and a retired NASA astronaut. She is a veteran of two Space Shuttle missions, and departed the International ...

Michael R. Barratt Michael Reed Barratt (born April 16, 1959) is an American physician and a NASA astronaut. Specializing in aerospace medicine, he served as a flight surgeon for NASA before his selection as an astronaut, and has played a role in developing NASA ...

* Craig McKinley NURC Support Crew: * James Talacek * Billy Cooksey *

, Mission Director

NEEMO 8: April 20–22, 2005

NASA Aquanaut Crew: * Michael L. Gernhardt, Commander *

* Scott Kelly *Monika Schultz NURC Support Crew: * Craig B. Cooper *Joseph March *

, Mission Director

NEEMO 9: April 3–20, 2006

NASA Aquanaut Crew: *

, Commander *

Nicole P. Stott Nicole Marie Passonno Stott (born November 19, 1962) is an American engineer and a retired NASA astronaut. She served as a Flight Engineer on ISS Expedition 20 and Expedition 21 and was a Mission Specialist on STS-128 and STS-133. After 27 yea ...

* Ronald J. Garan Jr. * Timothy J. Broderick, M.D. NURC Support Crew: * James F. Buckley *Ross Hein *

, Mission Director

NEEMO 10: July 22–28, 2006

NASA Aquanaut Crew: *

Koichi Wakata is a Japanese engineer and a JAXA astronaut. Wakata is a veteran of four NASA Space Shuttle missions, a Russian Soyuz mission, and a long-duration stay on the International Space Station. During a nearly two-decade career in spaceflight, he has ...

, Commander * Andrew Feustel *

Karen L. Nyberg Karen LuJean Nyberg (born October 7, 1969) is an American mechanical engineer and retired NASA astronaut. Nyberg became the 50th woman in space on her first mission in 2008. Nyberg started her space career in 1991 and spent a total of 180 days ...

* Karen Kohanowich NURC Support Crew: *

* Dominic Landucci *

, Mission Director

NEEMO 11: September 16–22, 2006

NASA Aquanaut Crew: *

Sandra Magnus Sandra Hall Magnus (born October 30, 1964) is an American engineer and a former NASA astronaut. She returned to Earth with the crew of STS-119 ''Discovery'' on March 28, 2009, after having spent 134 days in orbit. She was assigned to the crew of ...

, Commander *

Timothy Kopra Timothy Lennart "Tim" Kopra (born April 9, 1963) is an engineer, a Colonel in the United States Army and a retired NASA astronaut. He served aboard the International Space Station as a flight engineer for Expedition 20, returning to Earth aboar ...

* Robert L. Behnken * Timothy Creamer NURC Support Crew: *Larry Ward *Roger Garcia *

, Mission Director

NEEMO 12: May 7–18, 2007

NASA Aquanaut Crew: *

Heidemarie Stefanyshyn-Piper Heidemarie Martha Stefanyshyn-Piper (born February 7, 1963) is an American Naval officer and former NASA astronaut. She has achieved the rank of Captain in the United States Navy. She is also a qualified and experienced salvage officer. Her ...

, Commander *

José M. Hernández José Moreno Hernández (born August 7, 1962) is an American engineer and former NASA astronaut. He currently serves as a Regents of the University of California, Regent of the University of California. Hernández was assigned to the crew of Sp ...

* Josef Schmid, M.D. * Timothy J. Broderick, M.D. NURC Support Crew: * Dominic Landucci * James Talacek *

, Mission Director

NEEMO 13: August 6–15, 2007

NASA Aquanaut Crew: *

, Commander *

Richard R. Arnold Richard Robert "Ricky" Arnold II (born November 26, 1963, in Cheverly, Maryland) is an American educator and a NASA astronaut. He flew on Space Shuttle mission STS-119, which launched March 15, 2009, and delivered the final set of solar arra ...

Satoshi Furukawa is a Japanese surgeon and JAXA astronaut. Furukawa was assigned to the International Space Station as a flight engineer on long-duration missions Expedition 28/ 29, lifting off 7 June 2011 and returning 22 November 2011. Medical career Furakawa ...

Christopher E. Gerty Christopher E. Gerty (born October 19, 1975) is an American aerospace engineer who worked on NASA's Constellation Program. Gerty is an advocate of NASA's Open Government Initiative and is a leading voice on the concept of participatory exploratio ...

NURC Support Crew: * James F. Buckley *

Dewey Smith Dewey Dewayne Smith (July 24, 1972 – May 5, 2009) was an Underwater diving, underwater diver, former United States Navy medic and professional aquanaut. He died during a dive from the Aquarius (laboratory), Aquarius underwater habitat off Key L ...

, Mission Director

NEEMO 14: May 10–23, 2010

NASA Aquanaut Crew: *

Chris Hadfield Chris Austin Hadfield (born August 29, 1959) is a Canadian retired astronaut, engineer, fighter pilot, and musician. The first Canadian to perform extravehicular activity in outer space, he has flown two Space Shuttle missions and also serv ...

, Commander * Thomas H. Marshburn *

Andrew Abercromby Dr. Andrew Frank Jorgensen Abercromby (born 12 May 1980) is a scientist and biomedical engineer who designs and tests spacesuit systems and exercise countermeasures for future exploration of the Solar System. He is employed by NASA as Lead of ...

* Steve Chappell Aquarius Reef Base support crew: * James Talacek *Nate Bender *

, Mission Director

NEEMO 15: October 20–26, 2011

NASA Aquanaut Crew: *

Shannon Walker Shannon Walker (born June 4, 1965) is an American physicist and a NASA astronaut selected in 2004. She launched on her first mission into space on June 25, 2010, onboard Soyuz TMA-19 and spent over 163 days in space. She returned to space for ...

, Commander *

Takuya Onishi is a Japanese astronaut selected for the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) in 2009. He spent four months on board the International Space Station in 2016. Early life Onishi was born in Nerima, Tokyo, Japan on 22 December 1975. He gradua ...

David Saint-Jacques David Saint-Jacques ( , ; born January 6, 1970) is a Canadian astronaut with the Canadian Space Agency (CSA). He is also an astrophysicist, engineer, and a physician. In December 2018, he launched to the International Space Station, as Flight ...

Steve Squyres Steven Weldon Squyres (born January 9, 1956) is an American geologist and planetary scientist. He was the James A. Weeks Professor of Physical Sciences at Cornell University in Ithaca, New York. His research area is in planetary sciences, with a f ...

Aquarius Reef Base support crew: * James Talacek *Nate Bender

DeepWorker 2000 DeepWorker 2000 is a submarine vehicle developed by Nuytco Research, Ltd. It is capable of descending to a depth of 610 m (2001 ft) and remaining submerged for 12 hours. In 1999, it was deployed to the continental shelf and upper conti ...

submersible A submersible is a small watercraft designed to operate underwater. The term "submersible" is often used to differentiate from other underwater vessels known as submarines, in that a submarine is a fully self-sufficient craft, capable of ind ...

crew: * Stanley G. Love *

* Michael L. Gernhardt

NEEMO 16: June 11–22, 2012

NASA Aquanaut Crew: *

Dorothy Metcalf-Lindenburger Dorothy Marie "Dottie" Metcalf-Lindenburger (born May 2, 1975, in Colorado Springs, Colorado) is a retired American astronaut. In 2000, she married Jason Metcalf-Lindenburger, a fellow Whitman College graduate and educator, from Pendleton, Orego ...

, Commander *

Kimiya Yui is a Japanese astronaut from the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA). He was selected for the agency in 2009. Biography Yui, from Nagano Prefecture, enrolled in the Japan Air Self-Defense Force after he graduated from the National Defense ...

* Timothy Peake *

Aquarius Reef Base support crew: * James Talacek * Justin Brown

crew: * Stanley G. Love * Steve Giddings * Serena M. Auñón *

* Michael L. Gernhardt *

* Steve Chappell

SEATEST II: September 9–13, 2013

Space Environment Analog for Testing EVA Systems and Training ( NEEMO 17 ) Designation skipped NASA Aquanaut Crew: *

Joseph M. Acaba Joseph Michael "Joe" Acabá (born May 17, 1967) is a Puerto Rican educator, hydrogeologist, and NASA astronaut. In May 2004 he became the first person of Puerto Rican heritage to be named as a NASA astronaut candidate, when he was selected as a ...

, Commander *

Kate Rubins Kate name may refer to: People and fictional characters * Kate (given name), a list of people and fictional characters with the given name or nickname * Gyula Káté (born 1982), Hungarian amateur boxer * Lauren Kate (born 1981), American autho ...

Andreas Mogensen Andreas Enevold Mogensen (born 2 November 1976) is a Danish engineer and ESA astronaut who is best known for being the first Dane to fly in space as part of the European Space Agency's iriss program. Mogensen has also been involved in a number of ...

Soichi Noguchi is a Japanese aeronautical engineer and former JAXA astronaut. His first spaceflight was as a Mission Specialist aboard STS-114 on 26 July 2005 for NASA's first "return to flight" Space Shuttle mission after the ''Columbia'' disaster. He was ...

Aquarius Reef Base support crew: *

Otto Rutten Otto is a masculine German given name and a surname. It originates as an Old High German short form (variants ''Audo'', '' Odo'', '' Udo'') of Germanic names beginning in ''aud-'', an element meaning "wealth, prosperity". The name is recorded f ...

NEEMO 18: July 21–29, 2014

NASA Aquanaut Crew: *

Akihiko Hoshide is a Japanese engineer, JAXA astronaut, and former Commander of the International Space Station. On August 30, 2012, Hoshide became the third Japanese astronaut to walk in space. Early life and education He was born in 1968 in Tokyo, Japan. H ...

, Commander * Jeanette J. Epps *

Mark T. Vande Hei Mark Thomas Vande Hei (born November 10, 1966) is a retired United States Army officer and current NASA astronaut who has served as a flight Engineer for Expedition 53, 54, 64, 65, and 66 on the International Space Station. Early life ...

Thomas Pesquet Thomas Gautier Pesquet (; born 27 February 1978 in Rouen) is a French aerospace engineer, pilot, and European Space Agency astronaut. Pesquet was selected by ESA as a candidate in May 2009, and he successfully completed his basic training in Nove ...

Professional habitat technicians, Aquarius Reef Base support crew: * James Talacek *Hank Stark (FIU)

NEEMO 19: September 7–13, 2014

NASA Aquanaut Crew: *

Randolph Bresnik Randolph James "Komrade" Bresnik (born September 11, 1967) is a retired officer in the United States Marine Corps and an active NASA astronaut. A Marine Aviator by trade, Bresnik was selected as a member of NASA Astronaut Group 19 in May 2004. ...

, Commander *

, Flight Engineer 1 *

Jeremy Hansen Jeremy Roger Hansen (born January 27, 1976) is a current CSA astronaut. He was selected to join the CSA in the 2009 CSA selection along with David Saint-Jacques. Prior to his selection as one of Canada's astronauts, Hansen was a Royal Canadian ...

, Flight Engineer 2 *

Hervé Stevenin Hervé Stevenin (born 25 September 1962 in France) is a European aquanaut leading ESA Neutral Buoyancy Facility Operations and the EVA Training Unit at the European Astronaut Centre (EAC) in Cologne, Germany. He served as an aquanaut on the NA ...

, Flight Engineer 3 Aquarius Reef Base support crew: *

* Ryan LaPete

NEEMO 20: July 20 – August 2, 2015

NASA Aquanaut Crew: NASA NEEMO 20 Aquanaut Crew

Luca Parmitano Colonel Luca Parmitano (born 27 September 1976 in Paternò, Sicily) is an Italian astronaut in the European Astronaut Corps for the European Space Agency (ESA). He was selected as an ESA astronaut in May 2009. Parmitano is also a Colonel and te ...

ESA , owners = , headquarters = Paris, Île-de-France, France , coordinates = , spaceport = Guiana Space Centre , seal = File:ESA emblem seal.png , seal_size = 130px , image = Views in the Main Control Room (1205 ...

, commander * Serena M. Auñón, NASA * David Coan, NASA EVA Management Office engineer *

Norishige Kanai is a Japanese doctor and JAXA astronaut. He is a lieutenant and Diving Medical Officer in the Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force (Medical Service Division, 1st Service School). He served as a crew member on board the International Space Station f ...

JAXA The is the Japanese national air and space agency. Through the merger of three previously independent organizations, JAXA was formed on 1 October 2003. JAXA is responsible for research, technology development and launch of satellites into orb ...

Professional habitat technicians, Aquarius Reef Base support crew: *

(FIU) * Sean Moore (FIU) NEEMO 20 mission objective was to simulate the time delays associated with sending and receiving commands between controllers on Earth and astronauts on Mars. Additional EVAs will simulate working on the surface of an asteroid, and the use of the DeepWorker submersible as an underwater stand-in for the Multi-Mission Space Exploration Vehicle.

NEEMO 21: July 21 – August 5, 2016

The NEEMO 21 mission was scheduled to begin July 18, 2016 and conclude August 3, 2016; however, the mission start was shifted to July 21, 2016 as a result of unfavorable weather conditions. NASA Aquanaut Crew: * Reid Wiseman, NASA, Commander 1 *

Megan McArthur Katherine Megan McArthur (born August 30, 1971) is an American oceanographer, engineer, and NASA astronaut. She has served as a Capsule Communicator (CAPCOM) for both the Space Shuttle and International Space Station (ISS). Megan McArthur has fl ...

, NASA, Commander 2 * Marc O´Gríofa *

Matthias Maurer Matthias Josef Maurer (born 18 March 1970) is a German European Space Agency astronaut and Materials scientist, who was selected in 2015 to take part in space training. Biography Maurer graduated from in Sankt Wendel, Saarland, in 1989.) He ...

, ESA * Noel Du Toit * Dawn Kernagis Professional habitat technicians, Aquarius Reef Base support crew: * Hank Stark (FIU) * Sean Moore (FIU)

NEEMO 22: June 18–27, 2017

NASA Aquanaut Crew: *

Kjell Lindgren Kjell Norwood Lindgren (born January 23, 1973) is an American astronaut who was selected in June 2009 as a member of the NASA Astronaut Group 20. He launched to the International Space Station (ISS) as part of Expedition 44/ 45 on July 22, 201 ...

, NASA, Commander *

Pedro Duque Pedro Francisco Duque Duque, OF, OMSE (Madrid, 14 March 1963) is a Spanish astronaut and aeronautics engineer who served as Minister of Science of the Government of Spain from 2018 to 2021. He was also Member of the Congress of Deputies fro ...

, ESA * Trevor Graff, NASA/Jacobs * Dominic D'Agostino, USF Professional habitat technicians, Aquarius Reef Base support crew: *

(FIU) * Sean Moore (FIU)

NEEMO 23: June 10–22, 2019

NASA all-female Aquanaut Crew: *

Samantha Cristoforetti Samantha Cristoforetti, OMRI (; born in Milan on 26 April 1977) is an Italian European Space Agency astronaut, former Italian Air Force pilot and engineer. She holds the record for the longest uninterrupted spaceflight by a European astronaut (1 ...

, ESA, Commander *

Jessica Watkins Jessica Andrea Watkins (born May 14, 1988) is an American NASA astronaut, geologist, aquanaut and former international rugby player. Watkins was announced as the first Black woman who will complete an International Space Station long-term missi ...

, NASA astronaut candidate * Csilla Ari D’Agostino, a neurobiologist at the University of South Florida * Shirley Pomponi, Marine biologist at Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institute of Florida Atlantic University Professional habitat technicians, Aquarius Reef Base support crew: *

(FIU) * Tom Horn (FIU)

References

External links

*
NEEMO missions

Live webcams (subject to mission availability)

{{DEFAULTSORT:Neemo NASA programs Controlled ecological life support systems Human analog missions

Missions

NEEMO 1: October 21–27, 2001

NEEMO 2: May 13–20, 2002

NEEMO 3: July 15–21, 2002

NEEMO 4: September 23–27, 2002

NEEMO 5: June 16–29, 2003

NEEMO 6: July 12–21, 2004

NEEMO 7: October 11–21, 2004

NEEMO 8: April 20–22, 2005

NEEMO 9: April 3–20, 2006

NEEMO 10: July 22–28, 2006

NEEMO 11: September 16–22, 2006

NEEMO 12: May 7–18, 2007

NEEMO 13: August 6–15, 2007

NEEMO 14: May 10–23, 2010

NEEMO 15: October 20–26, 2011

NEEMO 16: June 11–22, 2012

SEATEST II: September 9–13, 2013

NEEMO 18: July 21–29, 2014

NEEMO 19: September 7–13, 2014

NEEMO 20: July 20 – August 2, 2015

NEEMO 21: July 21 – August 5, 2016

NEEMO 22: June 18–27, 2017

NEEMO 23: June 10–22, 2019

See also

References

External links