In enzymology, a NAD⁺ glycohydrolase () is an

enzyme Enzymes () are proteins that act as biological catalysts by accelerating chemical reactions. The molecules upon which enzymes may act are called substrates, and the enzyme converts the substrates into different molecules known as products ...

that catalyzes the

chemical reaction A chemical reaction is a process that leads to the IUPAC nomenclature for organic transformations, chemical transformation of one set of chemical substances to another. Classically, chemical reactions encompass changes that only involve the pos ...

:NAD⁺ + H₂O

\rightleftharpoons

ADP-ribose + nicotinamide Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are NAD⁺ and H₂O, whereas its two

products Product may refer to: Business * Product (business), an item that serves as a solution to a specific consumer problem. * Product (project management), a deliverable or set of deliverables that contribute to a business solution Mathematics * Produ ...

are

ADP-ribose Adenosine diphosphate ribose (ADPR) is an ester molecule formed into chains by the enzyme poly ADP ribose polymerase. ADPR is created from cyclic ADP-ribose (cADPR) by the CD38 enzyme using nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) as a cofactor. ...

and

nicotinamide Niacinamide or Nicotinamide (NAM) is a form of vitamin B3 found in food and used as a dietary supplement and medication. As a supplement, it is used by mouth to prevent and treat pellagra (niacin deficiency). While nicotinic acid (niacin) may ...

. Unlike ADP-ribosyl cyclase/cyclic ADP-ribose hydrolase (EC 3.2.2.6), which catalyzes the same reaction, this reaction does not proceed through a

cyclic ADP-ribose Cyclic ADP Ribose, frequently abbreviated as cADPR, is a cyclic adenine nucleotide (like cAMP) with two phosphate groups present on 5' OH of the adenosine (like ADP), further connected to another ribose at the 5' position, which, in turn, closes ...

. This enzyme belongs to the family of

hydrolase Hydrolase is a class of enzyme that commonly perform as biochemical catalysts that use water to break a chemical bond, which typically results in dividing a larger molecule into smaller molecules. Some common examples of hydrolase enzymes are este ...

s, specifically those glycosylases that hydrolyse N-glycosyl compounds. The

systematic name A systematic name is a name given in a systematic way to one unique group, organism, object or chemical substance, out of a specific population or collection. Systematic names are usually part of a nomenclature. A semisystematic name or semitrivial ...

of this enzyme class is NAD⁺ glycohydrolase. Other names in common use include NAD+ nucleosidase, NADase, DPNase, DPN hydrolase, NAD hydrolase, diphosphopyridine nucleosidase, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide nucleosidase, NAD glycohydrolase, NAD nucleosidase, and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide glycohydrolase. This enzyme participates in

nicotinate and nicotinamide metabolism Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) is a coenzyme central to metabolism. Found in all living cells, NAD is called a dinucleotide because it consists of two nucleotides joined through their phosphate groups. One nucleotide contains an aden ...

and

calcium signaling pathway Calcium is a chemical element with the Symbol (chemistry), symbol Ca and atomic number 20. As an alkaline earth metal, calcium is a reactive metal that forms a dark oxide-nitride layer when exposed to air. Its physical and chemical properties ...

. Calcium metabolism involves the regulation of the levels of calcium in the body. The role this calcium plays also includes providing enough calcium for bone mineralization. It serves as the basis for the structure and rigidity of bones. Calcium metabolism can lead to a variety of diseases which can involve renal function. High concentrations of calcium can lead to cell death or apoptosis.

References

* * Putney, J. W. P. (2019). ''Calcium Metabolism''. Access Science. https://www.accessscience.com/content/calcium-metabolism/103100

References

Further reading