Mülenen Castle and the attached Letzi Mülenen wall are a ruined medieval fortification in the village of Mülenen and municipality of Reichenbach im Kandertal, in the Swiss canton of Bern. The Letzi Mülenen is a Swiss heritage site of national significance.

Name

''Letzi'' comes from

Middle High German Middle High German (MHG; german: Mittelhochdeutsch (Mhd.)) is the term for the form of German spoken in the High Middle Ages. It is conventionally dated between 1050 and 1350, developing from Old High German and into Early New High German. Hig ...

and means a hindrance, obstacle, bulwark or frontier fortifications. The Letzi Mülenen was built at Mülenen to protect and control access to the alpine pass into the Canton of Valais.

History

Mülenen Castle was the second castle of the

Freiherr (; male, abbreviated as ), (; his wife, abbreviated as , literally "free lord" or "free lady") and (, his unmarried daughters and maiden aunts) are designations used as titles of nobility in the German-speaking areas of the Holy Roman Empire ...

von Kien in Reichenbach. It was first mentioned in 1269 as ''Mulinon''. The first Letzi or wall was built in the 12th century on the northern end of the valley. A second wall was built over the first in the 13th century. In 1331 Konrad Justinger called it ''stetli Mülenen'' which implies that a settlement had grown up around the castle and wall. However, there are no other documents that mention the settlement. By 1290 the castle and settlement were acquired by the Freiherr von Wädenswil. It was inherited by the Lords of Turn, who were the heirs to the Wädenswil family. The Wädenswil and Turn families joined a coalition of nobles that attempted to fight against the growing power of the city of Bern. In 1294, they fought against a Bernese army at the Letzi. However, this and later attempts to fight Bern left the nobles deep in debt. They had to

pawn Pawn most often refers to: * Pawn (chess), the weakest and most numerous piece in the game * Pawnbroker or pawnshop, a business that provides loans by taking personal property as collateral Pawn may also refer to: Places * Pawn, Oregon, an his ...

the castle and fortifications. After passing through several owners, in 1352 Bern bought the castle and the rest of the ''

Herrschaft The German term ''Herrschaft'' (plural: ''Herrschaften'') covers a broad semantic field and only the context will tell whether it means, "rule", "power", "dominion", "authority", "territory" or "lordship". In its most abstract sense, it refers ...

'' of Mülenen. A Bernese castellan was appointed who managed the military and the high and low courts. However, by about 1400, the castellan moved to

Frutigen Frutigen is a municipality in the Bernese Oberland in the canton of Bern in Switzerland. It is the capital of the Frutigen-Niedersimmental administrative district. History The area around Frutigen may have been settled since possibly the Bro ...

and abandoned Mülenen. The castle and wall were demolished and used as a source of construction materials.

Castle site

The Letzi was rediscovered in 1990 during construction of a ring road around the village of Mülenen. It was excavated in 1990 to 1996 and conserved. The first wall was probably wooden. The second, from the 13th century, was stone. The stone wall was about wide and probably between tall, but only of the wall remains. The castle was located in the center of the wall and was built in four stages. It consisted of a rectangular tower surrounded by an unwalled square courtyard which was about on each side.

References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Mulenen Castle Cultural property of national significance in the canton of Bern Castles in the Canton of Bern Letzi

Name

History

Castle site

See also

References