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Muzaffarnagar is a city under Muzaffarnagar District in the Indian State of
Uttar Pradesh Uttar Pradesh (; , 'Northern Province') is a state in northern India. With over 200 million inhabitants, it is the most populated state in India as well as the most populous country subdivision in the world. It was established in 1950 ...
. It is situated midway on the
Delhi Delhi, officially the National Capital Territory (NCT) of Delhi, is a city and a union territory of India containing New Delhi, the capital of India. Straddling the Yamuna river, primarily its western or right bank, Delhi shares borders ...
- Haridwar/ Dehradun National Highway (
NH 58 This article is about the old number of Delhi-Meerut-Roorkee-Haridwar-Badrinath National Highway. National Highway 58 (NH 58) was a national highway in India before it was renumbered. It linked Ghaziabad in Uttar Pradesh near New Delhi with Ba ...
) and is also well connected with the national railway network. It is known as the sugarbowl of Uttar Pradesh. The city previously called Sarwat and is located in the middle of the highly fertile upper
Ganga-Yamuna Doab ''Doab'' () is a term used in South Asia Quote: "Originally and chiefly in South Asia: (the name of) a strip or narrow tract of land between two rivers; spec. (with) the area between the rivers Ganges and Jumna in northern India." for the tract ...
region and is very near to New Delhi and Saharanpur, making it one of the most developed and prosperous cities of Uttar Pradesh. It comes under the Saharanpur division. This city is part of Delhi Mumbai Industrial Corridor (DMIC) and Amritsar Delhi Kolkata Industrial Corridor (ADKIC). It shares its border with the state of Uttarakhand and it is the principal commercial, industrial and educational hub of Western Uttar Pradesh. As of July 2021, Chandra Bhushan Singh, IAS is the District Magistrate of Muzaffarnagar.


History

The town was established in 1633 by the son of a Mughal Commander
Sayyid ''Sayyid'' (, ; ar, سيد ; ; meaning 'sir', 'Lord', 'Master'; Arabic plural: ; feminine: ; ) is a surname of people descending from the Islamic prophet Muhammad through his grandsons, Hasan ibn Ali and Husayn ibn Ali, sons of Muhamma ...
Muzaffar Khan during the reign of Shah Jahan. In 1947, when the country got independence Indian flag was hoisted for the first time in the Muzaffarnagar City. In 1901, during the
British Raj The British Raj (; from Hindi ''rāj'': kingdom, realm, state, or empire) was the rule of the British Crown on the Indian subcontinent; * * it is also called Crown rule in India, * * * * or Direct rule in India, * Quote: "Mill, who was him ...
, it was a district in the
Meerut Meerut (, IAST: ''Meraṭh'') is a city in Meerut district of the western part of the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. The city lies northeast of the national capital New Delhi, within the National Capital Region and west of the state capital ...
Division in United Provinces of Agra and Oudh. On October 18, 1976, during " The Emergency, Prime Minister Indira Gandhi's suspension of democracy in India, between 25 and 30 people protesting against
compulsory sterilization Compulsory sterilization, also known as forced or coerced sterilization, is a government-mandated program to involuntarily sterilize a specific group of people. Sterilization removes a person's capacity to reproduce, and is usually done throug ...
were killed when
Uttar Pradesh police The Uttar Pradesh Police (UP Police), (IAST: ), is the primary law enforcement agency within the Uttar Pradesh state of India. Established in 1863 as the Office of the Inspector General of Police, United Provinces under the ''Police Act, 1861'' ...
fired into the
crowd Generally speaking, a crowd is defined as a group of people that have gathered for a common purpose or intent such as at a demonstration, a sports event, or during looting (this is known as an acting crowd), or may simply be made up of many ...
.


2013 Muzaffarnagar riots

The 2013 Muzaffarnagar riots between Hindus and Muslims resulted in 62 deaths. According to a May 2015 report in
India Today ''India Today'' is a weekly Indian English-language news magazine published by Living Media India Limited. It is the most widely circulated magazine in India, with a readership of close to 8 million. In 2014, ''India Today'' launched a new o ...
: Some politicians have demanded that the city name be changed from Muzaffarnagar to Lakshminagar.


Geography

Muzaffarnagar is 272 meters above sea level in the Doab region of Indo-Gangetic Plain. It is 125 kilometres north east of the national capital,
New Delhi New Delhi (, , ''Naī Dillī'') is the capital of India and a part of the National Capital Territory of Delhi (NCT). New Delhi is the seat of all three branches of the government of India, hosting the Rashtrapati Bhavan, Parliament Ho ...
, and 200 kilometres south east of
Chandigarh Chandigarh () is a planned city in India. Chandigarh is bordered by the state of Punjab to the west and the south, and by the state of Haryana to the east. It constitutes the bulk of the Chandigarh Capital Region or Greater Chandigarh, which a ...
, and near to Roorkee, Saharanpur,
Meerut Meerut (, IAST: ''Meraṭh'') is a city in Meerut district of the western part of the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. The city lies northeast of the national capital New Delhi, within the National Capital Region and west of the state capital ...
& Bijnor.


Climate

Muzaffarnagar has a
monsoon A monsoon () is traditionally a seasonal reversing wind accompanied by corresponding changes in precipitation but is now used to describe seasonal changes in atmospheric circulation and precipitation associated with annual latitudinal osci ...
influenced
humid subtropical A humid subtropical climate is a zone of climate characterized by hot and humid summers, and cool to mild winters. These climates normally lie on the southeast side of all continents (except Antarctica), generally between latitudes 25° and 40° ...
climate characterised by much hot summers and cooler winters. Summers last from early April to late June and are extremely hot. The monsoon arrives in late June and continues until the middle of September. Temperatures drop slightly, with plenty of cloud cover but with higher humidity. Temperatures rise again in October and the city then has a mild, dry winter season from late October to the middle of March. June is the warmest month of the year. The temperature in June averages 30.2 °C. In January, the average temperature is 12.5 °C. It is the lowest average temperature of the whole year. The average annual temperature in Muzaffarnagar is 24.2 °C. The highest and lowest temperatures ever recorded in Muzaffarnagar are on 29 May 1994 and on 23 December 1990 respectively. The rainfall averages 929 mm. The driest month is November, with 8 mm of rain. Highest precipitation falls in July, with an average of 261.4 mm.


Demographics

2011 census, Muzaffar Nagar municipality had a population of 392,451 and the urban agglomeration had a population of 494,792. The municipality had a
sex ratio The sex ratio (or gender ratio) is usually defined as the ratio of males to females in a population. As explained by Fisher's principle, for evolutionary reasons this is typically about 1:1 in species which reproduce sexually. Many species d ...
of 897 females per 1,000 males and 12.2% of the population were under six years old. Effective literacy was 80.99%; male literacy was 85.82% and female literacy was 75.65%. The city has 55.79%
Hindus Hindus (; ) are people who religiously adhere to Hinduism. Jeffery D. Long (2007), A Vision for Hinduism, IB Tauris, , pages 35–37 Historically, the term has also been used as a geographical, cultural, and later religious identifier for ...
, 41.39%
Muslims Muslims ( ar, المسلمون, , ) are people who adhere to Islam, a monotheistic religion belonging to the Abrahamic tradition. They consider the Quran, the foundational religious text of Islam, to be the verbatim word of the God of Abrah ...
, 1.7% Jains, 0.67% Sikhs, 0.67%
Buddhist Buddhism ( , ), also known as Buddha Dharma and Dharmavinaya (), is an Indian religion or philosophical tradition based on teachings attributed to the Buddha. It originated in northern India as a -movement in the 5th century BCE, and ...
s and 0.17%
Christians Christians () are people who follow or adhere to Christianity, a monotheistic Abrahamic religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus Christ. The words '' Christ'' and ''Christian'' derive from the Koine Greek title ''Christós'' (Χρ ...
Muzaffarnagar city is governed by Municipal Council which comes under the remit of the Muzaffarnagar Urban Agglomeration. The city's population is 392,451; the urban/metropolitan population is 494,792, of which 261,338 are males and 233,454 are females.


Language

The Khariboli dialect is the native tongue of the city which resembles the Haryanvi dialect of adjoining
Haryana Haryana (; ) is an Indian state located in the northern part of the country. It was carved out of the former state of East Punjab on 1 Nov 1966 on a linguistic basis. It is ranked 21st in terms of area, with less than 1.4% () of India's land a ...
. The official languages of Hindi and English are also widely understood.


Economy

Sugar and jaggery production are important industries in the district. As a result of the farming activities around, the city is an important hub of jaggery trading business. Muzaffarnagar is an industrial city with sugar, steel and
paper Paper is a thin sheet material produced by mechanically or chemically processing cellulose fibres derived from wood, rags, grasses or other vegetable sources in water, draining the water through fine mesh leaving the fibre evenly distrib ...
being the major industries. District Muzaffarnagar has 8 sugar mills. More than 40% of the region's population is engaged in agriculture. According to Economic Research firm ''Indicus Analytics'', Muzaffarnagar has the highest agricultural GDP in Uttar Pradesh, as well as UP's largest granary.


Healthcare

Muzaffaranagar has both public and private healthcare system. The District hospital is the major government hospital in the city along with several general practitioners in the city. The city is also catered by a private medical college (
Muzaffarnagar Medical College Muzaffarnagar Medical College (MMC) in Muzaffarnagar, Western Uttar Pradesh, India. It provides low cost health care to the surrounding rural areas of Muzaffarnagar district, Saharanpur district & other nearby areas. Location Muzaffarnagar Med ...
) on the outskirts of the city.


Transportation

Muzaffarnagar connected by road and railway networks. The Ghaziabad - Saharanpur line passes through the city.
Indian Railways Indian Railways (IR) is a statutory body under the ownership of Ministry of Railways, Government of India that operates India's national railway system. It manages the fourth largest national railway system in the world by size, with a tota ...
provides connections to
New Delhi New Delhi (, , ''Naī Dillī'') is the capital of India and a part of the National Capital Territory of Delhi (NCT). New Delhi is the seat of all three branches of the government of India, hosting the Rashtrapati Bhavan, Parliament Ho ...
, Western Uttar Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir,
Punjab Punjab (; Punjabi: پنجاب ; ਪੰਜਾਬ ; ; also romanised as ''Panjāb'' or ''Panj-Āb'') is a geopolitical, cultural, and historical region in South Asia, specifically in the northern part of the Indian subcontinent, comprising a ...
,
South India South India, also known as Dakshina Bharata or Peninsular India, consists of the peninsular southern part of India. It encompasses the Indian states of Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala, Tamil Nadu, and Telangana, as well as the union territ ...
, and other parts of the country.
Dehradun Shatabdi Express The ''Dehradun Shatabdi Express'' is an Express train of Shatabdi class belonging to Indian Railways that runs between and in India. It runs 7 days in a week. It operates as train number 12017 from New Delhi to Dehradun and as train number ...
and
Dehradun Jan Shatabdi Express The 12055/12056 Dehradun–New Delhi Jan Shatabdi Express is an Express belonging to Indian Railways that runs between & in India. It is a daily service. It operates as train number 12056 from Dehradun to New Delhi and as train number 12055 i ...
trains pass through and halt at the Muzaffarnagar station. The National Highway - 58 (NH-58) passes through Muzaffarnagar city. This highway provides connections towards Delhi on the southern direction and upper reaches of the Himalayas in the
Uttarakhand Uttarakhand ( , or ; , ), also known as Uttaranchal ( ; the official name until 2007), is a state in the northern part of India. It is often referred to as the "Devbhumi" (literally 'Land of the Gods') due to its religious significance and ...
state in the northern direction. The highway is the backbone of road transportation for the Muzaffarnagar city as well as the
Garhwal region Garhwal (IPA: /ɡəɽʋːɔɭ/) is one of the two administrative divisions of the Indian state of Uttarakhand. Lying in the Himalayas, it is bounded on the north by Tibet, on the east by Kumaon, on the south by Uttar Pradesh state, and on the ...
of Uttarakhand. Cities and areas of Hardwar, Rishikesh, Dehradun as well as
Badrinath Badrinath is a town and nagar panchayat in Chamoli district in the state of Uttarakhand, India. A Hindu holy place, it is one of the four sites in India's Char Dham pilgrimage and is also part of India's Chota Char Dham pilgrimage circuit. ...
and
Kedarnath Kedarnath is a town and Nagar Panchayat in Rudraprayag district of Uttarakhand, India, known primarily for the Kedarnath Temple. It is approximately 86 kilometres from Rudraprayag, the district headquarter. Kedarnath is the most remote of t ...
are served by this highway. City transportation mostly consists of tricycles and 3-wheeled vehicles, rickshaws. An international airport, Muzaffarnagar International Airport, was proposed in the city in order to reduce the traffic at the
Indira Gandhi International Airport Indira Gandhi International Airport is the primary international airport serving Delhi, the capital of India, and the National Capital Region (NCR). The airport, spread over an area of , is situated in Palam, Delhi, southwest of the New ...
, however, the same was transferred to the Jewar Airport.


Environmental concerns

Muzaffarnagar lies approximately halfway on the road from Delhi to Uttarakhand Rishikesh (the NH-58). As a result, many roadside resorts and eateries have sprung up on the highway near the city. Especially, the town of Khatauli is famed for its canal side forest park named "Cheetal". Once visited for the sight of
deer Deer or true deer are hoofed ruminant mammals forming the family Cervidae. The two main groups of deer are the Cervinae, including the muntjac, the elk (wapiti), the red deer, and the fallow deer; and the Capreolinae, including the re ...
and rabbits and other wild animals, the Cheetal is now encroached by privately owned
dhaba A dhaba is a roadside restaurant in the Indian subcontinent, primarily across Pakistan and India. They are on highways, generally serve local cuisine, and also serve as truck stops. They are most commonly found next to petrol stations, and mo ...
s and resorts thus sidelining the animals.


Notable people

* Kapil Dev Agarwal, politician, MLA from Muzaffarnagar City and state minister in Uttar Pradesh Government. * Gourav Baliyan, wrestler * Rajpal Singh Baliyan, political figure, MLA from Budhana Assembly Seat. *
Sanjeev Balyan Sanjeev Kumar Balyan (born 23 June 1972) is an Indian politician and member of the Bharatiya Janata Party. He has been elected to Lok Sabha from the Muzaffarnagar (Lok Sabha constituency), Muzaffarnagar constituency in 2014 and 2019. He was app ...
, politician, Member of parliament Muzaffarnagar Loksabha * Kartar Singh Bhadana, political figure *
Kamna Chandra Kamna Chandra is an Indian writer who has written plays for All India Radio and stories and dialogues for the screen which include the films '' Chandni'', '' 1942: A Love Story'' (directed by her son-in-law Vidhu Vinod Chopra), ''Prem Rog'' and t ...
, Haryana film writer * Sumit Jain, entrepreneur, co-founder & CEO Opentalk.to , co-founder and ex-CEO of Commonfloor.com *
Divya Kakran Divya Kakran (born 1998) is a freestyle wrestler from India. Divya has won 60 medals, including 17 gold medals in the Delhi State Championship, and has won the Bharat Kesari title eight times. She has been vocal about being disappointed by the ...
, wrestler * Swami Kalyandev (1876–2004), an ascetic in the fields of education and social reform, awarded the
Padma Bhushan The Padma Bhushan is the third-highest civilian award in the Republic of India, preceded by the Bharat Ratna and the Padma Vibhushan and followed by the Padma Shri. Instituted on 2 January 1954, the award is given for "distinguished service ...
by the Indian government *
Liaquat Ali Khan Liaquat Ali Khan ( ur, ; 1 October 1895 – 16 October 1951), also referred to in Pakistan as ''Quaid-e-Millat'' () or ''Shaheed-e-Millat'' ( ur, lit=Martyr of the Nation, label=none, ), was a Pakistani statesman, lawyer, political theoris ...
, first Prime Minister of Pakistan (once lived in Muzaffarnagar) *
Nishu Kumar Nishu Kumar Tashni (born 5 November 1997) is an Indian professional footballer who plays as a full-back for Indian Super League club Kerala Blasters. Club career Youth career: 2009–2015 Nishu Kumar began his career with Chandigarh Football A ...
, Indian professional football player, plays as full back at Kerala Blasters FC and
India India, officially the Republic of India (Hindi: ), is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by area, the second-most populous country, and the most populous democracy in the world. Bounded by the Indian Ocean on the so ...
. * Harendra Singh Malik, former Rajya Sabha MP, prominent Jat leader from Western Uttar Pradesh. * Pankaj Kumar Malik, political figure, MLA from Charthawal Assembly Seat. * Alam Muzaffarnagari, Indian Urdu writer * Vishnu Prabhakar, novelist, writer, journalist * Sultan Rahi, Pakistani actor * Sumit Rathi, Indian football player, plays for ATK and Indian U-17 Football Team * Rajpal Singh Saini, political figure *
Nawazuddin Siddiqui Nawazuddin Siddiqui (; born 19 May 1974) is an Indian actor known for his work in Hindi cinema. He is an alumnus of the National School of Drama. Siddiqui's feature film debut was alongside director Prashant Bhargava in ''Patang'' (2012). He ga ...
, Bollywood actor * Narain Singh, Gurjar leader and deputy chief minister of UP * Brahma Singh, scientist and agriculturist; awarded the Padma Shri by the Indian government. *
Shaukat Thanvi Shaukat Thanvi (2 February 1904 – 4 May 1963) was a Pakistani writer and humorist.Rakesh Tikait, Farmer leader * A. M. Turaz, Indian poet, lyricist, and script writer


References


External links


Muzaffarnagar Official website
{{DEFAULTSORT:Muzaffarnagar Cities and towns in Muzaffarnagar district Cities in Uttar Pradesh