Murder (Finnish law)
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In Finland, murder is defined as
homicide Homicide occurs when a person kills another person. A homicide requires only a volitional act or omission that causes the death of another, and thus a homicide may result from accidental, reckless, or negligent acts even if there is no inten ...
with at least one of four aggravating factors: # Intent # Brutality or cruelty # Endangering public safety # Killing a public servant upholding public safety or because of his lawful duty. Further, the offense considered as a whole must be aggravated. A
murder Murder is the unlawful killing of another human without justification (jurisprudence), justification or valid excuse (legal), excuse, especially the unlawful killing of another human with malice aforethought. ("The killing of another person wit ...
doesn't expire. For an adult of sound mind, the only possible punishment for murder is life imprisonment. Typically, the prisoner will be
pardon A pardon is a government decision to allow a person to be relieved of some or all of the legal consequences resulting from a criminal conviction. A pardon may be granted before or after conviction for the crime, depending on the laws of the ju ...
ed by the Helsinki Court of Appeals after serving 14 to 15 years, but this is not automatic. The
President President most commonly refers to: *President (corporate title) *President (education), a leader of a college or university *President (government title) President may also refer to: Automobiles * Nissan President, a 1966–2010 Japanese ful ...
can also give pardon, and this used to be the only possibility. Juveniles (persons 15-17 years of age) and partially insane adult convicts can be sentenced to 2-12 years of imprisonment. Typically the punishment is 10-12 years for this special group. Partially insane convicts can also be sentenced to life imprisonment, especially if there are multiple victims or the crime is exceptionally severe. Multiple murderers aged 15-17 can be sentenced to at most 15 years of imprisonment. In jurisprudence, the comparison of an actual crime against the "brutal or cruel way" standard has been understood to mean comparison to "usual" homicide cases. In recent cases, the Finnish Supreme Court has not considered a single axe stroke on the head, or strangulation to be "brutal or cruel". On the other hand, causing death by jumping on a person's chest and head and firing over 10 times on a person's torso have been considered to fulfill the standard. Until 2006, a life sentence could be pardoned only by the president. However, since the 1960s, presidents have regularly given pardons to practically all offenders after a period of 12–15 years. In 2006, the legislation was changed so that all life sentences are reviewed by an appellate court after they have been executed for 12 years. If the convict is still deemed a danger to society, his or her case will be reviewed every two years after this. Involuntary confinement to a psychiatric institution may also result, sometimes after the sentence is served. The involuntary treatment ends when the psychiatrist decides, or when a court decrees it no longer necessary in a periodical review. If the prerequisites are not fulfilled, but the homicide has been deliberate and premeditated, the convict is sentenced for
second degree murder Murder is the unlawful killing of another human without justification (jurisprudence), justification or valid excuse (legal), excuse, especially the unlawful killing of another human with malice aforethought. ("The killing of another person wit ...
(''tappo'') to a minimum of eight years in prison. There is also the crime of
voluntary manslaughter Voluntary manslaughter is the killing of a human being in which the offender acted during ''the heat of passion'', under circumstances that would cause a reasonable person to become emotionally or mentally disturbed to the point that they cannot ...
(''surma''), which is a homicide under mitigating/extenuating circumstances, with the punishment of four to ten years.
Involuntary manslaughter Manslaughter is a common law legal term for homicide considered by law as less culpable than murder. The distinction between murder and manslaughter is sometimes said to have first been made by the ancient Athenian lawmaker Draco in the 7th c ...
(''kuolemantuottamus'') has a maximum punishment of two years of imprisonment or fine (see
day fine A day-fine, day fine, unit fine or structured fine is a unit of fine payment that, above a minimum fine, is based on the offender's daily personal income. A crime is punished with incarceration for a determined number of days, or with fines. As inc ...
), or at least four months and at most four years in case the negligence is considered aggravated. Infanticide "caused by the mental stress of birth" carries a punishment of at least four months and at most four years in prison. Taking part in a murderous raid may be punished as murder even if the offender did not succeed in killing anyone. This was defined by a Supreme Court rejection of appeal in a case where a motorcycle gang attacked a rival gang at a pizzeria. The main defendant attempted to shoot three rival gangsters. The first was saved by a bullet-proof vest, the second was hit but lost two fingers, and with the third, the weapon malfunctioned and the targeted gangster survived. However, other attackers succeeded in murdering three people, and as the main defendant took part in planning and preparing the raid, he was also convicted of murder.{{Cite web, url=http://www.mtv3.fi/uutiset/kotimaa.shtml/lahden-pitseriasurmista-kolmas-elinkautinen/2001/11/89075, title = MTVuutiset.fi


See also

*
List of murder laws by country This is a list of the laws of murder by country. The legal definition of murder varies by country: the laws of different countries deal differently with matters such as mens rea (how the intention on the part of the alleged murderer must be proved ...


References

Murder in Finland Law of Finland
Finland Finland ( fi, Suomi ; sv, Finland ), officially the Republic of Finland (; ), is a Nordic country in Northern Europe. It shares land borders with Sweden to the northwest, Norway to the north, and Russia to the east, with the Gulf of B ...