In the

Netherlands ) , anthem = ( en, "William of Nassau") , image_map = , map_caption = , subdivision_type = Sovereign state , subdivision_name = Kingdom of the Netherlands , established_title = Before independence , established_date = Spanish Netherl ...

, the municipal council (

Dutch Dutch commonly refers to: * Something of, from, or related to the Netherlands * Dutch people () * Dutch language () Dutch may also refer to: Places * Dutch, West Virginia, a community in the United States * Pennsylvania Dutch Country People E ...

: ''gemeenteraad'') is the elected assembly of the

municipality A municipality is usually a single administrative division having corporate status and powers of self-government or jurisdiction as granted by national and regional laws to which it is subordinate. The term ''municipality'' may also mean the go ...

. Its main role is laying down the guidelines for the policy of the

municipal executive In the Netherlands, the municipal executive (, ) is the executive board of a municipality. It plays a central role in municipal politics in the Netherlands, similar to the communal college in Belgium. It consists of the mayor and the members of ...

and exercising control over its execution by the mayor and aldermen. The municipal councils range in size from nine to 45 seats, depending on the municipality's population, and are elected by the population every four years. In many municipalities all major

political parties A political party is an organization that coordinates candidates to compete in a particular country's elections. It is common for the members of a party to hold similar ideas about politics, and parties may promote specific ideological or pol ...

contest in the election in addition to local parties. In most major, urban municipalities, all major parties are represented in the municipal council, while in smaller and more rural municipalities, only the largest parties and a local party have seats in the municipal council. All Dutch citizens, and all foreigners who live in the Netherlands for at least four years in a municipality, have the right to vote and almost all citizens can be elected. Ministers and state secretaries in the national government are barred from standing in elections as well as mayors and civil servants employed by the municipality. After the elections the parties in the states elect the aldermen. The municipal council is supported by its own civil service headed by the council's

greffier A greffier is the clerk to a legislature or a court in some countries where French is, or used to be, the language of the legal system. The word greffe refers to the records kept by the greffier or the department of government under the greffier' ...

(''raadsgriffier''). Members of the council are not paid as full-time politicians; instead, most of them have day job. As in most legislatures, the members of municipal council work in both

political groups A political group is a group consisting of political parties or legislators of aligned ideologies. A technical group is similar to a political group, but with members of differing ideologies. International terms Equivalent terms are used differ ...

and policy area related committees. The

mayor In many countries, a mayor is the highest-ranking official in a municipal government such as that of a city or a town. Worldwide, there is a wide variance in local laws and customs regarding the powers and responsibilities of a mayor as well a ...

chairs the meetings of the council but does not have voting rights. A duoraadslid ("dual municipal councillor"; plural duoraadsleden) is a political position in the municipal councils of some municipalities. The duoraadslid is a representative of a political party who is not elected into a municipal council. A duoraadslid has the right to speak in the meetings of committees of the municipal council and in the preparatory part of council meetings. This allows small groups in a municipal council to spread the duties of membership of the municipal council among more people. It is often a requirement that the duoraadslid was on the

party list An electoral list is a grouping of candidates for election, usually found in proportional or mixed electoral systems, but also in some plurality electoral systems. An electoral list can be registered by a political party (a party list) or can ...

for the election. Research at

Erasmus University Erasmus University Rotterdam (abbreviated as ''EUR'', nl, Erasmus Universiteit Rotterdam ) is a public research university located in Rotterdam, Netherlands. The university is named after Desiderius Erasmus Roterodamus, a 15th-century humanist ...

indicated that duoraadsleden increase participation of young politicians in municipal politics.

References

{{Dutch decentral government Government of the Netherlands City councils Local government in the Netherlands