History
Arrival of the Grimaldi family
1400–1800
19th century
20th century
21st century
Government
Politics
Security
Geography
Administrative divisions
Traditional quarters and modern geographic areas
The four traditional ''quartiers'' of Monaco are Monaco-Ville, La Condamine, Monte Carlo and Fontvieille, Monaco, Fontvieille. However, the suburb of Moneghetti, the high-level part of La Condamine, is generally seen today as an effective fifth ''Quartier'' of Monaco, having a very distinct atmosphere and topography when compared with low-level La Condamine.Wards
Architecture
Monaco exhibits a wide range of architecture, but the principality's signature style, particularly in Monte Carlo, is that of the Belle Époque. It finds its most florid expression in the 1878–9 Monte Carlo Casino, Casino and the Opéra de Monte-Carlo, Salle Garnier created by Charles Garnier (architect), Charles Garnier and Jules Dutrou. Decorative elements include turrets, balconies, pinnacles, multi-coloured ceramics, and caryatids. These were blended to create a picturesque fantasy of pleasure and luxury, and an alluring expression of how Monaco sought and still seeks, to portray itself. This Capriccio (art), capriccio of French, Italian, and Spanish elements were incorporated into hacienda villas and apartments. Following major development in the 1970s, Rainier III, Prince of Monaco, Prince Rainier III banned high-rise development in the principality. His successor,Climate
Monaco has a hot-summer Mediterranean climate (Köppen climate classification: ''Csa''), with strong maritime influences, with some resemblances to the oceanic climate (''Cfb'') and the humid subtropical climate (''Cfa''). As a result, it has balmy warm, dry summers and mild, rainy winters. The winters are very mild considering the city's latitude, being as mild as locations located much further south in the Mediterranean Basin. Cool and rainy interludes can interrupt the dry summer season, the average length of which is also shorter. Summer afternoons are infrequently hot (indeed, temperatures greater than are rare) as the atmosphere is temperate because of constant sea breezes. On the other hand, the nights are very mild, due to the fairly high temperature of the sea in summer. Generally, temperatures do not drop below in this season. In the winter, frosts and snowfalls are extremely rare and generally occur once or twice every ten years. On 27 February 2018, both Monaco and Monte Carlo experienced snowfall.Economy
Gambling industry
Taxes
Monaco has a 20% VAT plus high social-insurance taxes, payable by both employers and employees. The employers' contributions are between 28% and 40% (averaging 35%) of gross salary, including benefits, and employees pay a further 10% to 14% (averaging 13%). Monaco has never leviedNumismatics
Population
Demographics
Monaco's total population was 38,400 in 2015, and estimated by the United Nations to be 39,511 as of July 1, 2021. Monaco's population is unusual in that the native Monégasques are a minority in their own country: the largest group are French nationals at 28.4%, followed by Monégasque (21.6%), Italian (18.7%), British (7.5%), Belgian (2.8%), German (2.5%), Swiss (2.5%) and U.S. nationals (1.2%). Citizens of Monaco, whether born in the country or naturalised, are called ''Monégasque''. Monaco has the world's highest List of countries by life expectancy, life expectancy at nearly 90 years.Language
The main and official language of Monaco is , whileReligion
Christianity
Christians comprise a total of 86% of Monaco's population. According to Monaco 2012 International Religious Freedom Report, Roman Catholic Christians are Monaco's largest religious group, followed by Protestant Christians. The Report states that there are two Protestant churches, an Anglican church and a Reformed church. There are also various other Evangelical Protestant communities that gather periodically.Catholicism
Anglican Communion
There is one Anglican Communion, Anglican church (St Paul's Church), located in the Avenue de Grande Bretagne in Monte Carlo. The church was dedicated in 1925. In 2007 this had a formal membership of 135 Anglican residents in the principality but was also serving a considerably larger number of Anglicans temporarily in the country, mostly as tourists. The church site also accommodates an English-language library of over 3,000 books. The church is part of the Anglican Diocese in Europe.Reformed Church of Monaco
There is one Reformed church, which meets in a building located in Rue Louis Notari. The building dates from 1958-59. The church is affiliated with the United Protestant Church of France (Église Protestante Unie de France, EPUF), a group that incorporates the former Reformed Church of France (Église Réformée de France). Through this affiliation with EPUF, the church is part of the World Communion of Reformed Churches. The church acts as a host-church to some other Christian communities, allowing them to use its building.Charismatic Episcopal Church
The Monaco Parish of the Charismatic Episcopal Church (Parish of St Joseph) dates from 2017 and meets in the Reformed Church's Rue Louis Notari building.Christian Fellowship
The Monaco Christian Fellowship, formed in 1996, meets in the Reformed Church's Rue Louis Notari building.Greek Orthodoxy
Monaco's 2012 International Religious Freedom Report states that there is one Greek Orthodox Church, Greek Orthodox church in Monaco.Russian Orthodox
The Russian Orthodox Parish of the Holy Royal Martyrs meets in the Reformed Church's Rue Louis Notari building.Judaism
The Association Culturelle Israélite de Monaco (founded in 1948) is a converted house containing a synagogue, a community Hebrew school, and a Kashrut, kosher food shop, located in Monte Carlo. The community mainly consists of retirees from Britain (40%) and North Africa. Half of the Jewish population is Sephardi Jews, Sephardic, mainly from North Africa, while the other half is Ashkenazi Jews, Ashkenazi.Islam
The Muslim population of Monaco consists of about 280 people, most of whom are residents, not citizens. The majority of the Muslim population of Monaco are Arabs, though there is a Turkish people, Turkish minority as well. Monaco does not have any official mosques.Sports
Formula One
Monégasque Formula 1 Drivers
There are five Formula One drivers from Monaco: *Charles Leclerc (2018–present) *Robert Doornbos (2005, Dutch driver under a Monégasque license) *Olivier Beretta (1994) *André Testut (1958–1959) *Louis Chiron (1950–1958)Formula E
Starting in 2015 Formula E started racing biennially with the Historic Grand Prix of Monaco on the Monaco ePrix and used a shorter configuration of the full Formula 1 circuit, keeping it around Port Hercules until 2021. Venturi Racing, ROKiT Venturi Racing is the only motor racing team based in the principality, headquartered in Fontvieille. The marque competes in Formula E and was one of the founding teams of the fully-electric championship. Managed by former racing driver Susie Wolff, the outfit holds seven podiums to date and won Formula E's landmark 50th race in 2019 Hong Kong ePrix, Hong Kong. 1997 Formula One World Championship, 1997 Formula One World Champion Jacques Villeneuve and eleven-time Formula One race winner Felipe Massa have raced for the team previously. Ten-time Guia Circuit, Macau winner Edoardo Mortara and 2020 24 Hours of Le Mans podium finisher Norman Nato currently race for the team.Monte Carlo Rally
Since 1911 part of the Monte Carlo Rally has been held in the principality, originally held at the behest ofFootball
Rugby
Monaco national rugby union team, Monaco's national rugby team, as of April 2019, is 101st in the World Rugby Rankings.Basketball
Multi-sport club AS Monaco FC, AS Monaco owns AS Monaco Basket which was founded in 1928. They play in the European professional club basketball system, top-tier European basketball league, the EuroLeague, and the French basketball league system, French top flight, the LNB Pro A. They have three LNB Pro A Leaders Cup, Pro A Leaders Cup, two LNB Pro B, Pro B (2nd-tier), and one Nationale Masculine 1, NM1 (3rd-tier) championship. They play in Salle Gaston Médecin, which is part of Stade Louis II.Professional boxing
Due in part to its position both as a tourist and gambling centre, Monaco has staged major professional boxing world title and non title fights from time to time; those include the Carlos Monzon versus Nino Benvenuti rematch, Monzon's rematch with Emile Griffith, Monzon's two classic fights with Rodrigo Valdes, Davey Moore (boxer, born 1959), Davey Moore versus Wilfred Benitez, Wilfredo Benitez, the Knockout, double knockout-ending classic between Lee Roy Murphy and Chisanda Mutti (won by Murphy), and Julio César Chávez, Julio César Chávez, Sr. versus Rocky Lockridge. All of the aforementioned contests took place at the Stade Louis II (1939), first Stade Louis II or the Stade Louis II, second Stade Louis II stadiums.Other sports
Culture
Cuisine
The cuisine of Monaco is a Mediterranean cuisine shaped by the cooking style of Provence and the influences of nearby northern Italian and southern French cooking, in addition to Monaco's own culinary traditions.Music
Visual arts
Monaco has a national museum of contemporary visual art at the New National Museum of Monaco. In 1997, the Audiovisual Institute of Monaco was founded aimed to preserve audiovisual archives and show how the Principality of Monaco is represented in cinema. The country also has numerous works of public art, statues, museums, and memorials (see list of public art in Monaco).Museums in Monaco
Events, festivals and shows
The Principality of Monaco hosts major international events such as : * International Circus Festival of Monte-Carlo * Mondial du Théâtre * Monte-Carlo Television FestivalBread Festival
Monaco also has an annual bread festival on 17 September every year.Education
Primary and secondary schools
Colleges and universities
There is one university located in Monaco, namely the International University of Monaco (IUM), an English-language university specializing in business education and operated by the ''Institut des hautes études économiques et commerciales'' (INSEEC) group.Flag
Transport
The Rail transport in Monaco, Monaco-Monte Carlo station is served by the SNCF, the French national rail system. The Monaco Heliport provides helicopter service to the closest airport, Nice Côte d'Azur Airport, Côte d'Azur Airport in Nice, France. The Monaco bus company (CAM) covers all the tourist attractions, museums, Jardin Exotique de Monaco, Exotic garden, business centres, and the Casino or the Louis II Stadium.Relations with other countries
See also
* Japanese Garden, Monaco * Telecommunications in Monaco * Outline of Monaco * Microstates and the European Union * List of sovereign states and dependent territories by population density * List of rulers of Monaco * List of diplomatic missions in Monaco * List of diplomatic missions of Monaco * ISO 3166-2:MCNotes
References
External links
; Government