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Mińsk Mazowiecki () "''Masovian Minsk''") is a town in eastern Poland with 40,999 inhabitants (2020). It is situated in the Masovian Voivodeship (since 1999) and is a part of the Warsaw Agglomeration. It is the capital of Mińsk County. Located 20 kilometers from the city limits of Warsaw and 38 kilometers from Warsaw's center.


Name

The source of town name - Mińsk - is the Mienia River, which in turn derives from the verb '''mienić''', which means 'to shine'. The postnominal adjective '''Mazowiecki shows the historical connection to
Mazovia Mazovia or Masovia ( pl, Mazowsze) is a historical region in mid-north-eastern Poland. It spans the North European Plain, roughly between Łódź and Białystok, with Warsaw being the unofficial capital and largest city. Throughout the centuri ...
and distinguishes Mińsk Mazowiecki from the Belarusian capital of Minsk.


Location

Mińsk Mazowiecki is located geographically in South Podlasie, historically in East
Mazovia Mazovia or Masovia ( pl, Mazowsze) is a historical region in mid-north-eastern Poland. It spans the North European Plain, roughly between Łódź and Białystok, with Warsaw being the unofficial capital and largest city. Throughout the centuri ...
and administratively in the eastern part of Masovian Voivodeship, east from Warsaw's Center and from Warsaw's border.


Timeline of history

*XIV century – first mentions of a settlement with commercial function *1421, 29 May – Mińsk was granted
town privileges Town privileges or borough rights were important features of European towns during most of the second millennium. The city law customary in Central Europe probably dates back to Italian models, which in turn were oriented towards the traditio ...
by Janusz I of Warsaw *1422 – first wooden church was built (not preserved) *1549 – a second town Sendomierz, later merged with Mińsk, was located on the other side of Srebrna River *1629 – the present church opened *1695 – Sendomierz joined to Mińsk *XVIII century – gradual decline of Mińsk connected with gradual decline of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth *1795–1809 – under Austrian rule as a result of the Third Partition of Poland *1809–1815 – in the
Duchy of Warsaw The Duchy of Warsaw ( pl, Księstwo Warszawskie, french: Duché de Varsovie, german: Herzogtum Warschau), also known as the Grand Duchy of Warsaw and Napoleonic Poland, was a French client state established by Napoleon Bonaparte in 1807, durin ...
*1815–1916 – in the Congress Poland *1866 – Mińsk county established, first train arrival ( Warsaw–Terespol Railway) *1867 – name of the town changed to Nowomińsk (''Novominsk'') *1870 – Dernałowicz Family became the last owners of the city (up to the Second World War) *1886 – first bookstore in east
Mazovia Mazovia or Masovia ( pl, Mazowsze) is a historical region in mid-north-eastern Poland. It spans the North European Plain, roughly between Łódź and Białystok, with Warsaw being the unofficial capital and largest city. Throughout the centuri ...
*XX century – found of famous manufacture *1912 (or 1910) – start of Maria Grochowska's School, today this is ''Polska Macierz Szkolnas High School *1914 – old church opened after reconstruction *1915 – present hospital opened *1915 to 1918, 11 November – German occupation during World War I *1916 – name's change (Novominsk > Mińsk Mazowiecki) *1920 – briefly occupied by Russians before the Battle of Warsaw during the Polish-Bolshevik War *1920–1939 – great development **1937 – first electric train arrived *1939–1944 – second German occupation ( World War II) **1939, 12 September – German entry **1939, 13 September – battle for Mińsk Mazowiecki (led by gen.
Władysław Anders ) , birth_name = Władysław Albert Anders , birth_date = , birth_place = Krośniewice-Błonie, Warsaw Governorate, Congress Poland, Russian Empire , death_date = , death_place = London, England, United Kingdom , serviceyears ...
) **1942, 21 July – liquidation of Mińsk Mazowiecki ghetto. Most of the Jewish residents were murdered at the Treblinka death camp (one of the first episodes of The Holocaust) **1944, 30 July – liberation by
Armia Krajowa The Home Army ( pl, Armia Krajowa, abbreviated AK; ) was the dominant resistance movement in German-occupied Poland during World War II. The Home Army was formed in February 1942 from the earlier Związek Walki Zbrojnej (Armed Resistance) est ...
(prelude to Warsaw Uprising) *1944, 30–31 July – Soviet liberation *1945, 2–3 March – Soviet killed Mińsk's elite (with Mayor Hipolit Konopka) *1952 – trains manufacture *1957 – military garrison *1979 – new train station *1985 – Solidarity events *1990 – first Mayor elected in free elections (since elections before Second World War): Zbigniew Grzesiak *1999 – Mińsk County established


Jewish history

In 1768, the restrictions on permanent residence for Jewish people in Mińsk had been lifted. From the 19th century to the 1930s, it became very popular. Before the Second World War, there were thousands of Jews living in Mińsk, and they had a general synagogue and smaller temples. The Novominsk hasidic dynasty was founded here in the late 19th century by Rabbi Yaakov Perlow, a descendant of the Baal Shem Tov. Soon after the war began, the Germans created the Mińsk Ghetto. It was liquidated on 21 July 1942. Most of the Jews were murdered in Treblinka extermination camp sent in Holocaust trains by the thousands. The remaining Jewish population were murdered in Mińsk on 10 January 1943 (500 people) and 5 June (the last 150 people).


Monuments

*layout of medieval settlement and later city *Palace of Doria Dernałowicz Family – built probably in the 17th century (in place of 16th century residence), converted to
classicism Classicism, in the arts, refers generally to a high regard for a classical period, classical antiquity in the Western tradition, as setting standards for taste which the classicists seek to emulate. In its purest form, classicism is an aesthet ...
**park *Church of the Nativity of The Blessed Virgin Mary – built in the 17th century, converted to neo-baroque in the early 20th century **internal furnishing **cemetery *county hall (former), 19th century,
classicism Classicism, in the arts, refers generally to a high regard for a classical period, classical antiquity in the Western tradition, as setting standards for taste which the classicists seek to emulate. In its purest form, classicism is an aesthet ...
*county hall, 19th century *post office, 19th century,
empire An empire is a "political unit" made up of several territories and peoples, "usually created by conquest, and divided between a dominant center and subordinate peripheries". The center of the empire (sometimes referred to as the metropole) ex ...
*church of
Mariavite Church The Mariavite Church is today one of two independent Christian churches collectively known as Mariavites who first emerged from the religious inspiration of Polish noblewoman and nun, Feliksa Kozłowska (1862-1921) in the late 19th-century. I ...
, 1911 *residential areas, 19th and early 20th century *Jewish cemetery *some school buildings (early 20th century)


Economy

Trade: *
hypermarket A hypermarket (sometimes called a hyperstore, supercentre or superstore) is a big-box store combining a supermarket and a department store. The result is an expansive retail facility carrying a wide range of products under one roof, including ...
Carrefour Carrefour () is a French multinational retail and wholesaling corporation headquartered in Massy, France. The eighth-largest retailer in the world by revenue, it operates a chain of hypermarkets, groceries stores and convenience stores, which ...
*supermarkets (about 10) *many other shops *market *developers Service: *10 banks *fast-foods, pubs and restaurants *3 hotels *construction industry *car service *satellite communication Industry: * ZNTK "Mińsk Mazowiecki" (since 2008 a subsidiary
PESA SA Pesa (Pojazdy Szynowe Pesa Bydgoszcz) is a Polish company manufacturing railway vehicles based in Bydgoszcz. The name 'Pesa' derives from the initials PS which stand for ''Pojazdy Szynowe,'' 'railway vehicles' in Polish. Pesa is a successor ...
) – maintenance and repair of railway rolling stock * Fabryka Urządzeń Dźwigowych – production of cranes and other heavy machinery * cotton products * yachts * shoes * foil


Population


Education

*''Józef Majka'' College of Social Science (catholic) *''Stanisław Staszic'' Lifelong Learning Center *University of Third Age *''Polska Macierz Szkolna'' Gymnasium and High School *Salesian Elementary, Gymnasium and High School (catholic) *''Kazimierz Wielki'' Professional High School *''Powstańcy Warszawy'' Professional High School *High School of Economy *''Maria Skłodowska-Curie'' High School *3 public
gymnasiums A gymnasium, also known as a gym, is an indoor location for athletics. The word is derived from the ancient Greek term " gymnasium". They are commonly found in athletic and fitness centres, and as activity and learning spaces in educational i ...
*4 public elementary schools *over 10 preschools (6 public) *special school (for kids with problems) *clinic of psychological and pedagogical help


Bureaus

*Regional Bureau of Environmental Protection Inspection *Point of Conscription *Above Forester Bureau (Nadleśnictwo Mińsk) *County, city and commune bureaus


Safety

*Police Departament of Mińsk County – 2 building in Mińsk, dozens of cars (including sport cars and off-road cars) *Fire Departament of Mińsk County – quite new fire engines (well equipped after big fire in industry area a few years ago) *Public Hospital of Mińsk County


Culture and sports

Culture: *House of Culture *School of Art *2 libraries *2 museums *Cinema *Magazines (2 public and 3 commercial are published in Mińsk) Sport: *Miejski Ośrodek Sportu i Rekreacji (public sport and recreation departament) **2 stadiums **Ice rink **Other *Mazovia-ZNTK **Football team in local amateur league **Other sports *other clubs


Religions

* Roman Catholic Church (4 parishes and other structures) *
Mariavite Church The Mariavite Church is today one of two independent Christian churches collectively known as Mariavites who first emerged from the religious inspiration of Polish noblewoman and nun, Feliksa Kozłowska (1862-1921) in the late 19th-century. I ...
(1 parish) *
Baptist Baptists form a major branch of Protestantism distinguished by baptizing professing Christian believers only ( believer's baptism), and doing so by complete immersion. Baptist churches also generally subscribe to the doctrines of soul com ...
(1 congregation) * Mennonite (1 congregation)


Public transport

*Train station **Regular service (39 trains in one way daily) to Warsaw **Direct connections with many cities in Poland, and with Moscow *2 regular bus services to Warsaw


Lands

Overall: *Residential: 30% *Industrial: 6% *Communication (roads, railroads etc.): 15% *Agricultural: 29% *Parks: 5% *Other: 15%


Historical parts of city

Cities: *Mińsk – old town *Sendomierz (found 1549, joined 1695) Estates built as part of Mińsk: * – New Town – Garden Town (found 1936) *Concrete estates built in socialist realism (about 1945–1990) without names *Modern estates without names Villages: *Over railroad part of city (''all existed in 1839 and earlier'') **Kędzierak (joined partly in 1954 and fully in 1984) **Stankowizna (''joined in 19th or 20th century'') **Anielina (''joined in similar time as Kędzierak'') *Other **Górki (joined in the 18th century) **Goździk (joined during First War War) **Kolonia Stasinów (joined in 1936) **Pohulanka (joined partly in 1936) **Sewerynów (''joined in similar time as Kędzierak'')


Military

*Military police * 23rd Air Base with
MIG-29 The Mikoyan MiG-29 (russian: Микоян МиГ-29; NATO reporting name: Fulcrum) is a twin-engine fighter aircraft designed in the Soviet Union. Developed by the Mikoyan design bureau as an air superiority fighter during the 1970s, the M ...
aircraft


Twin towns – sister cities

Mińsk Mazowiecki is twinned with: * Borodianka, Ukraine * Krnov, Czech Republic *
Lacey Lacey may refer to: People Surname A–L * Andrew Lacey (1887–1946), Australian politician * Bill Lacey (American football) (born 1971), American football player and coach * Bill Lacey (footballer) (1889–1969), Irish footballer * Bob Lacey ( ...
, United States *
Pefki Pefki ( el, Πεύκη, , meaning "pine", before 1959: Μαγκουφάνα - ''Magkoufana'', ) is a suburb in the northeastern part of the Athens agglomeration, Greece. Since the 2011 local government reform it is part of the municipality Lykovr ...
, Greece *
Saint-Égrève Saint-Égrève (; frp, Sant-Ègrèvo) is a commune in the Isère department in southeastern France. It is part of the Grenoble urban unit (agglomeration). Population Twin towns - sister cities Saint-Égrève is twinned with: * Karben, Germ ...
, France * Telšiai, Lithuania


Notable people

*
Julian Grobelny Julian Grobelny (16 February 1893 – 5 December 1944) was an activist in the Polish Socialist Party (PPS) from 1915, in the lead-up to Poland's return to independence. During the interwar period he was a social activist. After the German-Soviet ...
, Righteous Among the Nations *
Louis B. Mayer Louis Burt Mayer (; born Lazar Meir; July 12, 1882 or 1884 or 1885 – October 29, 1957) was a Canadian-American film producer and co-founder of Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer studios (MGM) in 1924. Under Mayer's management, MGM became the film industr ...
, Hollywood film producer and studio executive * Czesław Mroczek,
poseł The Sejm (English: , Polish: ), officially known as the Sejm of the Republic of Poland (Polish: ''Sejm Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej''), is the lower house of the bicameral parliament of Poland. The Sejm has been the highest governing body of th ...
* Teresa Wargocka,
poseł The Sejm (English: , Polish: ), officially known as the Sejm of the Republic of Poland (Polish: ''Sejm Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej''), is the lower house of the bicameral parliament of Poland. The Sejm has been the highest governing body of th ...
*
Moshe Carmel Moshe Carmel ( he, משה כרמל, 17 January 1911 – 14 August 2003) was an Israeli soldier and politician who served as Minister of Transportation for eight years. Background Born in Mińsk Mazowiecki in the Russian Empire (today in Pola ...
, politician in Israel *
Stefan Żeromski Stefan Żeromski ( ; 14 October 1864 – 20 November 1925) was a Polish novelist and dramatist belonging to the Young Poland movement at the turn of the 20th century. He was called the "conscience of Polish literature". He also wrote under t ...
, writer *Jan Himilsbach, actor and author *Leyb Rokhman,
Yiddish Yiddish (, or , ''yidish'' or ''idish'', , ; , ''Yidish-Taytsh'', ) is a West Germanic language historically spoken by Ashkenazi Jews. It originated during the 9th century in Central Europe, providing the nascent Ashkenazi community with a ve ...
writer in Israel *Hanna Dunowska, actor *
Victor Prus Victor Marius Prus (Mińsk Mazowiecki (Poland), 24 April 1917 – Montreal, 21 January 2017) was a Polish-born Canadian architect. He designed several major buildings in Quebec which won many prizes, such as the Grand Théâtre de Québec in Queb ...
, architect in Canada * Yeshurun Keshet Israeli poet, essayist, translator and literary critic *Jacques Kalisz, architect in France *
Stanislav Redens Stanislav Frantsevich Redens (russian: Станисла́в Фра́нцевич Ре́денс, pl, Stanisław Redens; May 17, 1892 – January 21, 1940) was a Soviet NKVD official, one of those responsible for conducting mass repressions under ...
, secret police officer in the Soviet Union *Hermann Birnbach, subject of a ''Stolperstein'' in Nordhausen * Marek Piotrowski, World Champion in
Kickboxing Kickboxing is a combat sport focused on kicking and punching. The combat takes place in a boxing ring, normally with boxing gloves, mouthguards, shorts, and bare feet to favour the use of kicks. Kickboxing is practiced for self-defense, genera ...
* Rafał Jackiewicz, boxer


References


Books

*585 lat Mińska Mazowieckiego, red. Janusz Kuligowski, Mińsk Mazowiecki, 2006,


External links

* Co słychać? – weekly magazine, ISSN 1425-6185 * Web page of City Hal
Minsk Maz.pl
(English) * Web page of County Hal
Powiat Minski.pl
* Web page


Jewish cemetery

Jewish cemetery

Historical placards
* {{DEFAULTSORT:Minsk Mazowiecki Cities and towns in Masovian Voivodeship Mińsk County Masovian Voivodeship (1526–1795) Warsaw Governorate Warsaw Voivodeship (1919–1939) Holocaust locations in Poland