Mississippi Heat is an American

blues Blues is a music genre and musical form which originated in the Deep South of the United States around the 1860s. Blues incorporated spirituals, work songs, field hollers, shouts, chants, and rhymed simple narrative ballads from the Afr ...

band based in

Chicago (''City in a Garden''); I Will , image_map = , map_caption = Interactive Map of Chicago , coordinates = , coordinates_footnotes = , subdivision_type = Country , subdivision_name ...

, led by harmonica player Pierre Lacocque. Formed in 1991, the band has toured in the United States, Canada, and Europe, with occasional performances in South America and North Africa. Mississippi Heat has recorded 12 albums: four on Van der Linden Records, the band's own label (1992–1998), three on the European label CrossCut Records (1998–2005) and six with Chicago label

Delmark Records Delmark Records is an American jazz and blues independent record label. It was founded in 1958 and is based in Chicago, Illinois. The label originated in St. Louis, Missouri, in 1953 when then owner, and founder, Bob Koester released a recordi ...

since 2005. The band also released a live DVD in 2005.

Birth of Mississippi Heat

Mississippi Heat grew out of a 1991 gig at Cafe Lura, in Chicago, when guitarist and singer Jon McDonald invited Lacocque to join him onstage. McDonald had hired drummer and vocalist Robert "Golden Voice" Covington (Robert Lee Travis, who was then working with

Sunnyland Slim Albert Luandrew (September 5, 1906March 17, 1995), "Blues pianist and singer Sunnyland Slim was born Albert Luandrew in Vance, Mississippi, September 5, 1906 (most sources say 1907, but the Social Security Death Index and 1920 census data give t ...

) and bassist

Bob Stroger Bob Stroger (born December 27, 1930) is an American electric blues bass guitarist, singer and songwriter. He has worked with many blues musicians, including Eddie King, Otis Rush, Jimmy Rogers, Eddie Taylor, Eddy Clearwater, Sunnyland Slim, Lo ...

(also with

and with

Jimmy Rogers Jimmy Rogers (June 3, 1924December 19, 1997) was an American Chicago blues singer, guitarist and harmonica player, best known for his work as a member of Muddy Waters's band in the early 1950s. He also had a solo career and recorded several popu ...

). That night went so well the quartet decided to form Mississippi Heat. Lacocque's brother Michel, who was also in attendance, volunteered to become their manager. McDonald left the band soon after and was later replaced by Billy Flynn and James Wheeler. Covington became lead vocalist and was replaced on drums by Bob Carter and later by Allen Kirk.

Recording history

In 1992, the band released its first album, ''Straight from the Heart'', with Covington on drums and vocals, Stroger on bass,

Flynn Flynn is an Irish surname or first name, an anglicised form of the Irish ''Ó Floinn'', meaning "descendant of Flann" (a byname meaning "reddish (complexion)" or "ruddy"). The name is more commonly used as a surname rather than a first name. A ...

and Wheeler on guitars, and Lacocque on the harmonica. The album includes the song "Heartbroken," a track recorded without rehearsals and in only one take. The song was written by Lacocque for his late mentor and friend Sonny Wimberly, a blues bassist who had recorded with

Little Walter Marion Walter Jacobs (May 1, 1930 – February 15, 1968), known as Little Walter, was an American blues musician, singer, and songwriter, whose revolutionary approach to the harmonica had a strong impact on succeeding generations, earning him ...

Muddy Waters McKinley Morganfield (April 4, 1913 April 30, 1983), known professionally as Muddy Waters, was an American blues singer and musician who was an important figure in the post-war blues scene, and is often cited as the "father of modern Chicago b ...

and

Bo Diddley Ellas McDaniel (born Ellas Otha Bates; December 30, 1928 – June 2, 2008), known professionally as Bo Diddley, was an American guitarist who played a key role in the transition from the blues to rock and roll. He influenced many artists, incl ...

. Wimberly died in 1991, months before he and Lacocque had planned to record together. ''Straight from the Heart'' is Mississippi Heat's only album with Covington on vocals. He became increasingly busy working with

and had steady work under his own name at the

Chicago (''City in a Garden''); I Will , image_map = , map_caption = Interactive Map of Chicago , coordinates = , coordinates_footnotes = , subdivision_type = Country , subdivision_name ...

club Kingston Mines. (Wheeler occasionally performed with him there and also with the Frank Pellegrino Blues Band.) In 1993, Covington was replaced by

Deitra Farr Deitra Farr (born August 1, 1957) is an American blues, soul and gospel singer-songwriter. Life and career She was born in Chicago, Illinois, United States, and Farr began singing in the mid-1970s with various soul bands. Deitra graduated fr ...

on lead vocals and Allen Kirk on drums. Farr performed on the albums ''Learned the Hard Way'' (1994) and ''Thunder in My Heart''. ( Farr returned as a guest vocalist on three songs on the album ''Delta Bound'', released in 2012). Katherine Davis,

Zora Young Zora Young (born January 21, 1948, West Point, Mississippi, United States) is an American blues singer. She is distantly related to Howlin' Wolf. Young's family moved to Chicago when she was seven. She began singing gospel music at the Greater ...

and Mary Lane performed briefly with Mississippi Heat. Inetta Visor took over as the band's vocalist in 2001 and has been with the band for 15 years (2001–present). She is featured on eight of the 12 recordings.

and Wheeler performed on Mississippi Heat's first three albums. Since then the band's recordings have featured guitarists Chris Winters, Steve Doyle, Billy Satterfield and Michael Dotson (2012–present). Over the years Mississippi Heat has recorded and traveled with two permanent guest artists:

Carl Weathersby Carl Weathersby (born Carlton Weathersby; 24 February 1953, in Jackson, Mississippi) is an American electric blues vocalist, guitarist, and songwriter. He has worked with Albert King and Billy Branch, among others. He is now a solo artist. He was ...

(1997–present) and

Lurrie Bell Lurrie Bell (born Lurrie C. Bell, December 13, 1958, Chicago, Illinois, United States) is an American blues guitarist and singer. His father was renowned blues harmonica player Carey Bell. Career Bell started playing guitar at the age of six ...

(2005–present). Mississippi Heat has also recorded with guest stars

Sam Lay Samuel Julian Lay (March 20, 1935January 29, 2022) was an American drummer and vocalist who performed from the late 1950s as a blues and R&B musician alongside Little Walter, Howlin' Wolf, Paul Butterfield, and many others. He was inducted into ...

and Calvin Jones (on ''Straight from the Heart'', 1992),

Billy Boy Arnold William "Billy Boy" Arnold (born September 16, 1935, Chicago, Illinois) AllMusic biography">AllMusic.html" ;"title="AllMusic">AllMusic biography/ref> is an American blues harmonica player, singer and songwriter. Arnold is a self-taught harmonica p ...

(on ''Handyman'', 1998/1999, and ''Footprints on the Ceiling'', 2002),

John Primer John Primer (born March 5, 1945, Camden, Mississippi, United States) is an American Chicago blues and electric blues singer and guitarist who played behind Junior Wells in the house band at Theresa's Lounge and as a member of the bands of Willi ...

(on ''Let’s Live It Up'', 2010),

Chubby Carrier Roy "Chubby" Carrier is an American zydeco musician. He is the leader of Chubby Carrier and the Bayou Swamp Band. Biography Carrier's father and grandfather both played zydeco music, and his cousins recorded under the name The Carrier Bro ...

(on ''Delta Bound'', 2012), and Sax Gordon (on ''Warning Shot'', 2014, and "Cab Driving Man", 2016). Keyboard player Chris "Hambone" Cameron and percussionist Ruben Alvarez also perform on several of the band's albums. The vintage blues-heavy 16-track record ''Warning Shot'', released in 2014, features vocalist Visor, Lacocque on harmonica, Dotson on guitar and vocals, Brian Quinn on bass, Kenny Smith and Andrew “Blaze” Thomas on drums and vocals, Giles Corey on guitar and Neal O'Hara on keyboards. It also includes guest artists Gordon on tenor and baritone saxophones, Alvarez on Latin percussion (his third album with Mississippi Heat), Weathersby on guitar (his seventh album with the band) and background vocalists Mae Koen, Diane Madison and Nanette Frank, who have worked with

Aretha Franklin Aretha Louise Franklin ( ; March 25, 1942 – August 16, 2018) was an American singer, songwriter and pianist. Referred to as the " Queen of Soul", she has twice been placed ninth in ''Rolling Stone''s "100 Greatest Artists of All Time". With ...

Musical style

Mississippi Heat describes its musical style as having roots in the golden era of

Chicago blues Chicago blues is a form of blues music developed in Chicago, Illinois. It is based on earlier blues idioms, such as Delta blues, but performed in an urban style. It developed alongside the Great Migration of the first half of the twentieth cent ...

in the 1950s. Lacocque cites

Howlin' Wolf Chester Arthur Burnett (June 10, 1910January 10, 1976), better known by his stage name Howlin' Wolf, was an American blues singer and guitarist. He is regarded as one of the most influential blues musicians of all time. Over a four-decade care ...

Jimmy Reed Mathis James Reed (September 6, 1925 – August 29, 1976) was an American blues musician and songwriter. His particular style of electric blues was popular with blues as well as non-blues audiences. Reed's songs such as "Honest I Do" (1957), " ...

Big Walter Horton Walter Horton (April 6, 1921 – December 8, 1981), known as Big Walter (Horton) or Walter 'Shakey' Horton, was an American blues harmonica player. A quiet, unassuming, shy man, he is remembered as one of the premier harmonica players in the hi ...

Sonny Boy Williamson I John Lee Curtis "Sonny Boy" Williamson (March 30, 1914 – June 1, 1948) was an American blues harmonica player, singer and songwriter. He is often regarded as the pioneer of the blues harp as a solo instrument. He played on hundreds of rec ...

Sonny Boy Williamson II Alex or Aleck Miller (originally Ford, possibly December 5, 1912 – May 24, 1965), known later in his career as Sonny Boy Williamson, was an American blues harmonica player, singer and songwriter. He was an early and influential blues harp st ...

and

Junior Wells Junior Wells (born Amos Wells Blakemore Jr., December 9, 1934January 15, 1998) was an American singer, harmonica player, and recording artist. He is best known for his signature song "Messin' with the Kid" and his 1965 album ''Hoodoo Man Blues'' ...

as influences. Lacocque said in a 2014 interview that although some white harmonica players, such as

Paul Butterfield Paul Vaughn Butterfield (December 17, 1942May 4, 1987) was an American blues harmonica player, singer and band leader. After early training as a classical flautist, he developed an interest in blues harmonica. He explored the blues scene in his n ...

and

Charlie Musselwhite Charles Douglas Musselwhite (born January 31, 1944) is an American electric blues harmonica player and bandleader, one of the white bluesmen who came to prominence, along with Mike Bloomfield, Paul Butterfield, and Elvin Bishop, as a pivotal f ...

have influenced him, "it is the musical history and heritage of African-Americans that have really had an impact on my playing." Lacocque has stressed that he is also drawn to new ideas. "We are very attracted to the traditional Chicago blues and the Chicago blues sound, for sure. But we want to bring something fresh and exciting to the culture as well," he told ''Blues Blast Magazine'' in 2013. In a 2014 interview with the blog ''Friday Blues Fix'', Lacocque said that some of his favorite recordings are Chess Records' collections of music by artists

Willie Dixon William James Dixon (July 1, 1915January 29, 1992) was an American blues musician, vocalist, songwriter, arranger and record producer. He was proficient in playing both the upright bass and the guitar, and sang with a distinctive voice, but he ...

Chuck Berry Charles Edward Anderson Berry (October 18, 1926 – March 18, 2017) was an American singer, songwriter and guitarist who pioneered rock and roll. Nicknamed the " Father of Rock and Roll", he refined and developed rhythm and blues into th ...

and

. He told WBEZ in 2011 that he listens to much Latin music, because his wife is from Cuba. The band's motto is "Traditional Blues with a Unique Sound."

Background

Lacocque was born to Christian parents in Israel and lived France and Germany until, when he was five years old, his family settled in

Brussels Brussels (french: Bruxelles or ; nl, Brussel ), officially the Brussels-Capital Region (All text and all but one graphic show the English name as Brussels-Capital Region.) (french: link=no, Région de Bruxelles-Capitale; nl, link=no, Bruss ...

Belgium Belgium, ; french: Belgique ; german: Belgien officially the Kingdom of Belgium, is a country in Northwestern Europe. The country is bordered by the Netherlands to the north, Germany to the east, Luxembourg to the southeast, France to th ...

, where his father was a professor of

Old Testament The Old Testament (often abbreviated OT) is the first division of the Christian biblical canon, which is based primarily upon the 24 books of the Hebrew Bible or Tanakh, a collection of ancient religious Hebrew writings by the Israelites. The ...

studies. When Lacocque was age two and a half, his father gave him a toy

harmonica The harmonica, also known as a French harp or mouth organ, is a free reed wind instrument used worldwide in many musical genres, notably in blues, American folk music, classical music, jazz, country, and rock. The many types of harmonica inclu ...

. He would later recall that the beautiful sounds that came from it made him cry. His family played mostly classical music at home, but his musical tastes grew as he listened to pop songs and friends' records.

Ray Charles Ray Charles Robinson Sr. (September 23, 1930 – June 10, 2004) was an American singer, songwriter, and pianist. He is regarded as one of the most iconic and influential singers in history, and was often referred to by contemporaries as "The Ge ...

and

Otis Redding Otis Ray Redding Jr. (September 9, 1941 – December 10, 1967) was an American singer and songwriter. He is considered one of the greatest singers in the history of American popular music and a seminal artist in soul music and rhythm and blues. ...

were his favorite artists when he was growing up. He discovered the blues at age 16, in the summer of 1969, after he moved to the U.S. with his family. Lacocque heard

play on the University of Chicago campus, near the

Chicago Theological Seminary Founded in 1855, the Chicago Theological Seminary (CTS) is the oldest higher education institution in the City of Chicago and was established with two principal goals: first, to educate pastors who would minister to people living on the new weste ...

, where his father had joined the faculty. Then a student at the University of Chicago Lab Schools, he bought a harmonica just days later from Hyde Park's original Harper Court mall and began practicing. "Not only did I hear mesmerizing amplified harmonica sounds for the first time in my life but the music made me feel that a

family Family (from la, familia) is a Social group, group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or Affinity (law), affinity (by marriage or other relationship). The purpose of the family is to maintain the well-being of its ...

was calling out to me," Lacocque said in a 2014 interview. "I felt drawn towards it like a powerful magnet. I couldn't resist." Several months after he began practicing, Lacocque met and performed onstage with Junior Wells at Theresa's Lounge, located at 4801 S. Indiana Ave. (the club closed in 1983). The next year, Lacocque left for

Montreal, Quebec Montreal ( ; officially Montréal, ) is the second-most populous city in Canada and most populous city in the Canadian province of Quebec. Founded in 1642 as '' Ville-Marie'', or "City of Mary", it is named after Mount Royal, the triple-pea ...

, Canada, to attend

McGill University McGill University (french: link=no, Université McGill) is an English-language public research university located in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. Founded in 1821 by royal charter granted by King George IV,Frost, Stanley Brice. ''McGill Universit ...

, where he studied psychology and received a bachelor's degree in 1974 and a master's degree in 1976. While in school Lacocque played for the Albert Failey Blues Band and the rock-inspired Oven, which won the 1976 Montreal Battle of the Bands. But the promoter who promised a record deal went missing, and Lacocque returned to Chicago. For several years after graduating Lacocque focused on his work as a

psychologist A psychologist is a professional who practices psychology and studies mental states, perceptual, cognitive, emotional, and social processes and behavior. Their work often involves the experimentation, observation, and interpretation of how indi ...

. He received a Ph.D. from Northwestern University in 1980. In 1988 at age 36, he decided to take up the harmonica again. Lacocque played with Chicago blues bands, such as Tre and the Blue Nights and the Blue Mirror Band, before forming Mississippi Heat in 1991.

Lineups

;Current * Pierre Lacocque, harmonica, bandleader *Inetta Visor, lead vocals *Michael Dotson, guitar, vocals *Brian Quinn, bass *Terrence Williams, drums *Kenny Smith, drums, vocals (guest) *Giles Corey, guitar, vocals (guest) *Neal O'Hara, keyboard (guest) *Chris "Hambone" Cameron, keyboard (guest) ;Former *Robert Covington, vocals, drums (1991–1993) * Billy Flynn, guitar (1991–1997) * James Wheeler, guitar (1991–1996) *

, bass (1991–1997) *

, vocals (1993–1996) *Allen Kirk, drums (1993–1996) *Mary Lane, vocals (1997) *

, vocals (1997) *Katherine Davis, vocals (1997-1999) *

Barrelhouse Chuck Barrelhouse Chuck (born Harvey Charles Goering; July 10, 1958 – December 12, 2016) was an American Chicago blues and electric blues pianist, keyboardist, singer, and songwriter. He claimed to be the only Chicago blues pianist to have studied u ...

, piano (1997–1999) *Max Valldeneu (2005–2006) *Chris Hambone Cameron (guest on several CDs) *

(guest on several CDs) *

(guest on two CDs and DVD) *

Calvin "Fuzz" Jones Calvin "Fuzz" Jones (June 9, 1926 – August 9, 2010) was an American electric blues bassist and singer. He worked with many blues musicians, including Muddy Waters, Howlin' Wolf, the Legendary Blues Band, Mississippi Heat, James Cotton, Luther ...

, bass (1993) *John Primer, guitar and vocals ("Let's Live it Up"' 2010) *Joseph Veloz, bass (2011–2012) *Steve "The Kid" Howard, bass (1998–2003, 2007–2011) *Spurling Banks, bass (2003–2007)

Discography

*''Straight from the Heart'' (Van der Linden Records, 1992) *''Learned the Hard Way'' (Van der Linden Records, 1994) *''Thunder in My Heart'' (Van der Linden Records, 1995) *''Handyman'' (Van der Linden Records, 1998; licensed in 1999 by CrossCut Records, with 2 bonus tracks) *''Footprints on the Ceiling'' (Crosscut Records, 2002) *''Glad You're Mine'' (Crosscut Records, 2005) *''One Eye Open: Live at Rosa's Lounge, Chicago'' (Delmark Records, 2005; also on DVD with bonus tracks) *''Hattiesburg Blues'' (Delmark Records, 2008) *''Let's Live It Up'' (Delmark Records, 2010) *''Delta Bound'' (Delmark Records, 2012) *''Warning Shot'' (Delmark Records, 2014) *''Cab Driving Man'' (Delmark Records, 2016) *''Madeleine'' (Van der Linden Records, 2021)

Movies, videos and television

Mississippi Heat recorded a live DVD at Rosa’s Lounge, Chicago (Delmark Records, 2005). The full seven-piece band was filmed live on March 29, 2014, in Burghausen,

Germany Germany,, officially the Federal Republic of Germany, is a country in Central Europe. It is the second most populous country in Europe after Russia, and the most populous member state of the European Union. Germany is situated betwe ...

, at the international music festival B’Jazz Burghausen. The concert was shown on TV in the Munich area in late fall of that year. Mississippi Heat has also been the subject of several TV shows and movies. In 1995,

ARTE Arte (; (), sometimes stylized in lowercase or uppercase in its logo) is a European public service channel dedicated to culture. It is made up of three separate companies: the Strasbourg-based European Economic Interest Grouping ARTE, plus ...

Europe Europe is a large peninsula conventionally considered a continent in its own right because of its great physical size and the weight of its history and traditions. Europe is also considered a Continent#Subcontinents, subcontinent of Eurasia ...

produced a documentary on blues that features

with the band.

French-Canadian French Canadians (referred to as Canadiens mainly before the twentieth century; french: Canadiens français, ; feminine form: , ), or Franco-Canadians (french: Franco-Canadiens), refers to either an ethnic group who trace their ancestry to Fr ...

TV featured Pierre and Michel Lacocque on one of their regular programs, ''Baisers d'Amérique'', in 1996. This half-hour segment was part of a series that aired simultaneously in 35 countries. ''Back to the Roots'', a 1994 Belgian feature-length movie,''Back to the Roots''. Brussels: Salammbo, Videopool, 1994. was made about the original six-piece band with Lacocque, Farr,

, Wheeler, Stroger and Kirk. It drew from interviews with each member of the band during their 1994 performance at the Ecaussinnes Spring Blues Festival in Belgium and focused on the Belgian roots of Pierre and Michel Lacocque.

Events

Chicago Blues Festival The Chicago Blues Festival is an annual event held in June, that features three days of performances by top-tier blues musicians, both old favorites and the up-and-coming. It is hosted by the Chicago, Illinois, City of Chicago Department of Cu ...

(US). Mississippi Heat has often appeared at this festival, most recently in 2013 and 2018. *Lucerne Blues Festival (SWITZERLAND), 2014, 2000, 1996, 1995. A live recording was made in 1996 but has not been released. *

Montreal International Jazz Festival The Festival International de Jazz de Montréal ( en, Montreal International Jazz Festival) is an annual jazz festival held in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. The Montreal Jazz Fest holds the 2004 Guinness World Record as the world's largest jazz fest ...

(CANADA). The band has been a headliner at this festival on numerous occasions. It played there for the first time in 1994, in front of an audience of 27,000. Its last appearance at the festival was in 2013. *Ecaussinnes Spring Blues Festival (BELGIUM). Mississippi Heat has performed at the festival many times, beginning in 1994. Its first appearance there drew Belgian TV and a private movie crew to capture the band on film. *Caracas International Music Festival (VENEZUELA) *Notodden Blues Fest (NORWAY) Mississippi Heat has also performed in

Austria Austria, , bar, Östareich officially the Republic of Austria, is a country in the southern part of Central Europe, lying in the Eastern Alps. It is a federation of nine states, one of which is the capital, Vienna, the most populous ...

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Finland Finland ( fi, Suomi ; sv, Finland ), officially the Republic of Finland (; ), is a Nordic country in Northern Europe. It shares land borders with Sweden to the northwest, Norway to the north, and Russia to the east, with the Gulf of B ...

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Spain , image_flag = Bandera de España.svg , image_coat = Escudo de España (mazonado).svg , national_motto = ''Plus ultra'' (Latin)(English: "Further Beyond") , national_anthem = (English: "Royal March") , i ...

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, and

Turkey Turkey ( tr, Türkiye ), officially the Republic of Türkiye ( tr, Türkiye Cumhuriyeti, links=no ), is a list of transcontinental countries, transcontinental country located mainly on the Anatolia, Anatolian Peninsula in Western Asia, with ...

among other countries.

References

External links

Official website
{{Authority control Chicago blues ensembles Musical groups established in 1991