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The Misiones Orientales (, ) or Sete Povos das Missões/Siete Pueblos de las Misiones (, ) is a historic region in South America, in present-day
Rio Grande do Sul Rio Grande do Sul (, , ; "Great River of the South") is a state in the southern region of Brazil. It is the fifth-most-populous state and the ninth largest by area. Located in the southernmost part of the country, Rio Grande do Sul is border ...
, the southernmost State of Brazil. Together with present-day
Misiones Province Misiones (, ''Missions'') is one of the 23 provinces of Argentina, located in the northeastern corner of the country in the Mesopotamia region. It is surrounded by Paraguay to the northwest, Brazil to the north, east and south, and Corrientes ...
in Argentina and the old Misiones Department in Paraguay (later subdivided into Misiones and Itapúa) it formed the ''
Jesuit Reductions , image = Ihs-logo.svg , image_size = 175px , caption = ChristogramOfficial seal of the Jesuits , abbreviation = SJ , nickname = Jesuits , formation = , founders = ...
'' between 1609 and 1756, an almost fully independent territory created and ruled by the Spanish Catholic order of the
Jesuits , image = Ihs-logo.svg , image_size = 175px , caption = ChristogramOfficial seal of the Jesuits , abbreviation = SJ , nickname = Jesuits , formation = , founders = ...
. It was famous for its resistance to enslavement and its egalitarian laws based on the Bible. The seven missions were called San Miguel, Santos Ángeles, San Lorenzo Mártir, San Nicolás, San Juan Bautista, San Luis Gonzaga, and
San Francisco de Borja San Francisco de Borja is a town and seat of the municipality of San Francisco de Borja, in the northern Mexican state The states of Mexico are first-level administrative territorial entities of the country of Mexico, which is officially n ...
. The King of Spain was the nominal ruler of these lands and in the Treaty of Madrid (1750) he gave the eastern part of the Jesuit Reductions to Portugal. The seven Jesuit missions here were to be dismantled and relocated on the Spanish western side of the
Uruguay River The Uruguay River ( es, Río Uruguay, ; pt, Rio Uruguai, ) is a major river in South America. It flows from north to south and forms parts of the boundaries of Brazil, Argentina, and Uruguay, separating some of the Argentine provinces of La M ...
. The Guarani people living there refused, which led to the
Guarani War Guarani, Guaraní or Guarany may refer to Ethnography * Guaraní people, an indigenous people from South America's interior (Brazil, Argentina, Paraguay and Bolivia) * Guaraní language, or Paraguayan Guarani, an official language of Paraguay * ...
, won by Portugal and Spain. The territory returned to Spain in 1777 in the First Treaty of San Ildefonso, but was definitively ceded to Portugal in the
Treaty of Badajoz (1801) The Treaty of Badajoz was signed by Spain and Portugal on 6 June 1801. Portugal ceded the border town of Olivenza to Spain and closed its ports to British military and commercial shipping. On the same day, Portugal signed a separate Treaty of ...
. It became part of Brazil when this country gained its independence from Portugal in 1822.


See also

* * *
List of Jesuit sites This list includes past and present buildings, facilities and institutions associated with the Society of Jesus. In each country, sites are listed in chronological order of start of Jesuit association. Nearly all these sites have bee ...
* Sculpture of the Misiones Orientales Jesuit Missions of the Guaranis Colonial Argentina Colonial Brazil Jesuit history in South America Spanish missions in Argentina Spanish missions in Brazil Geography of Misiones Province Geography of Rio Grande do Sul Misiones Department Former subdivisions of Brazil 17th century in Brazil 18th century in Brazil 17th century in the Viceroyalty of Peru 18th century in the Viceroyalty of Peru {{Brazil-hist-stub