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The Ministry of State Property, sometimes translated as the Ministry of State Domains, (russian: Министерство государственных имуществ (МГИ), ''Ministerstvo gosudarstvennykh imushestv (MGI)'') was the ministry in the government of the
Russian Empire The Russian Empire was an empire and the final period of the Russian monarchy from 1721 to 1917, ruling across large parts of Eurasia. It succeeded the Tsardom of Russia following the Treaty of Nystad, which ended the Great Northern War ...
which controlled government-owned lands and any other government property, especially
farms A farm (also called an agricultural holding) is an area of land that is devoted primarily to agricultural processes with the primary objective of producing food and other crops; it is the basic facility in food production. The name is used fo ...
and agricultural land, and prior to the
abolition of serfdom The abolition of slavery occurred at different times in different countries. It frequently occurred sequentially in more than one stage – for example, as abolition of the trade in slaves in a specific country, and then as abolition of slavery ...
, the government peasants that worked the lands.


History

When Ministries were introduced in 1802, there was no original independent ministry to oversee state property. These powers and responsibilities were divided among the Ministry of Domestic Affairs and Ministry of Finance. Since 1811, control over government assets was exercised by the Department of State Assets of the Ministry of Finance, and later the Fifth Department of
His Imperial Majesty's Own Chancellery His Imperial Majesty's Own Chancery or H.I.M. Own Chancery () began as personal chancery of Paul I and grew into a kind of regent's office, run by Count Arakcheyev from 1815 and until the death of Alexander I of Russia. Under Nicholas I, the Ch ...
. After a nationwide
crop failure Harvesting is the process of gathering a ripe crop from the fields. Reaping is the cutting of grain or pulse for harvest, typically using a scythe, sickle, or reaper. On smaller farms with minimal mechanization, harvesting is the most labor- ...
and reconsideration of peasant and serf policy, an independent Ministry was created to take care of these issues, including reapportionment of land in the Tavria Governorate and encouragement of
potato The potato is a starchy food, a tuber of the plant ''Solanum tuberosum'' and is a root vegetable native to the Americas. The plant is a perennial in the nightshade family Solanaceae. Wild potato species can be found from the southern Uni ...
cultivation as an attempt to diversify Russia's crop.


Founding and expansion

The Ministry of State Property was founded on 26 December 1837. In 1843, a Forest Department was added together with the Foresters' Corps. In 1845, the Agricultural Department was first organized, and from 1848 to 1856 and 1874 to 1881 the ministry also included government
horse breeding Horse breeding is reproduction in horses, and particularly the human-directed process of selective breeding of animals, particularly purebred horses of a given breed. Planned matings can be used to produce specifically desired characteristics in ...
facilities. In 1857, the
Crimean Tatars , flag = Flag of the Crimean Tatar people.svg , flag_caption = Flag of Crimean Tatars , image = Love, Peace, Traditions.jpg , caption = Crimean Tatars in traditional clothing in front of the Khan's Palace ...
and several Nogai
murza Morza (plural ''morzalar''; from Persian '' mirza'') is a Princely title in Tatar states, such as Khanate of Kazan, Khanate of Astrakhan and others, and in Russia. After the fall of Kazan some morzalar joined Russian service. Some morzalar lost th ...
s petitioned the Ministry for more land in order to alleviate their poverty, on the basis that their ancestors were granted titles and deeds by
Catherine II , en, Catherine Alexeievna Romanova, link=yes , house = , father = Christian August, Prince of Anhalt-Zerbst , mother = Joanna Elisabeth of Holstein-Gottorp , birth_date = , birth_name = Princess Sophie of Anhal ...
and they had a legitimate claim for ownership. However, the Ministry concluded that although the Tatars possessed proof of the noble status granted to their forefathers, those ancestors were long dead and claims based on their service had no significance. Faced with no guarantee of rights from the Russian government, the Nogai obtained permission to emigrate to
Turkey Turkey ( tr, Türkiye ), officially the Republic of Türkiye ( tr, Türkiye Cumhuriyeti, links=no ), is a transcontinental country located mainly on the Anatolian Peninsula in Western Asia, with a small portion on the Balkan Peninsula ...
, and between the fall of 1859 and 1860, some 35,000 Nogai had left the region, virtually the entire population. From 1873 to 1905, there was a Mountains Department, which was originally in the Finance Ministry. The Ministry also organized a Scientific Committee as a society devoted to
horticulture Horticulture is the branch of agriculture that deals with the art, science, technology, and business of plant cultivation. It includes the cultivation of fruits, vegetables, nuts, seeds, herbs, sprouts, mushrooms, algae, flowers, seaweeds and no ...
, agriculture and economics, as well as experimental agriculture.


Reorganization

On 21 March 1894, the ministry was reorganized into the Ministry of Agriculture and State Property. In May 1905, the profile and status changed once again - the ministry was again reorganized into the General Administration of Land Use and Agriculture, which realized
Pyotr Stolypin Pyotr Arkadyevich Stolypin ( rus, Пётр Арка́дьевич Столы́пин, p=pʲɵtr ɐrˈkadʲjɪvʲɪtɕ stɐˈlɨpʲɪn; – ) was a Russian politician and statesman. He served as the third prime minister and the interior ministe ...
's agrarian reforms of the early 1900s. In October 1915, the General Administration was finally reverted to the Ministry of Agriculture and State Property.


Duties

The Ministry of State Property was charged with control of government assets (fiscal lands, articles of tribute, forests of the fiscal departments), general oversight of the carrying out of orders about forest preservation and the encouragement of forest cultivation, management of mountain and saltwater assets, protection of
mineral water Mineral water is water from a mineral spring that contains various minerals, such as salts and sulfur compounds. Mineral water may usually be still or sparkling (carbonated/effervescent) according to the presence or absence of added gases. T ...
sources and management of
Caucasus The Caucasus () or Caucasia (), is a region between the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea, mainly comprising Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, and parts of Southern Russia. The Caucasus Mountains, including the Greater Caucasus range, have historica ...
mineral waters, management of handicrafts, custody of certain groups of people, management and organization of peasants, which would enhance their welfare. In 1858, there were an estimated 19 million state peasants under the administration of the Ministry of State Property, which represented almost half of the total rural population. The Minister of Agriculture and State Property was the chief manager of mountain assets, which he had power over through the Mountains Department, where he headed the most powerful mountain management body, the
Mountains Council A mountain is an elevated portion of the Earth's crust, generally with steep sides that show significant exposed bedrock. Although definitions vary, a mountain may differ from a plateau in having a limited summit area, and is usually higher th ...
(russian: Горный совет), as well as the Mountain Scientific Committee, and local mountains jurisdictions.


Ministers

The first Minister of State Property was
Pavel Kiselyov Count Pavel Dmitrievich Kiselyov or Kiseleff (Па́вел Дми́триевич Киселёв) (, Moscow – , Paris) is generally regarded as the most brilliant Russian reformer during Nicholas I's generally conservative reign. Early m ...
, from 1837 to 1856. From 1872 to 1879, the position was held by
Pyotr Valuyev Count Pyotr Aleksandrovich ValuevAlso transliterated Peter Alexandrovich Valuyev. ( rus, Граф Пётр Алекса́ндрович Валу́ев; September 22, 1815 – January 27, 1890) was a Russian statesman and writer. Life Valuev w ...
, from 1881 to 1893 by
Mikhail Nikolayevich Ostrovsky Mikhail Nikolayevich Ostrovsky (russian: Михаил Николаевич Островский; 1827–1901) was a Russian statesman who served as Minister of State Property (a post roughly equivalent to the American position of Secretary of th ...
, from 1893 to 1905 by
Alexey Sergeyevich Yermolov Alexey Sergeyevich Yermolov (russian: Алексей Серге́евич Ермолов; 12 November 1847 – 4 January 1917)
, and from 1908 to 1915 by
Alexander Krivoshein Alexander Vasilyevich Krivoshein (russian: Александр Васильевич Кривошеин) (July 19 (31 ( N.S.), 1857, Warsaw – October 28, 1921, Berlin) was a Russian monarchist politician and Minister of Agriculture under Pyotr S ...
. From 1837 to 1917 there were a total of 18 ministers. The House of the Ministry of State Assets was located on Saint Isaac's Square, 42 Bol'shaya Morskaya Ulitsa.


Structure

The Ministry of State Assets contained the following departments (among other short-lived temporary ones): *Ministry of State Property **Minister of Agriculture and State Property **Deputy Minister of Agriculture and State Property **Councils: ***Minister's Council (Cabinet) ***Agricultural Council ***Mountains Council **Scientific Committee ***Agricultural Bureau **Departments: ***Department of Forests (from 1843) **** Foresters' Corps ****Special Forests Committee ***Department of Agriculture (from 1845) ****Agricultural Statistics Division ****Land Schools Division ****Agricultural Economy Division ****Shrubs Committee ***Department of Land Use and Rural Industry (from 1866) ***
Department of Mountains {{unreferenced, date=February 2011 The Department of Mountains (russian: Го́рный департа́мент) was the central governing body of the Mining-metallurgical Okrugs of the Russian Empire. These Okrugs, or "regions", were administrativ ...
(1873–1905) ****Geological Committee ****Mountain Industry Council ****Mountain Special Committee **Chancellery ***Archives ***Legal Advisory Section


See also

*
Ministry of Finance of the Russian Empire Ministry of Finance — one of the Russian Empire's central public institutions, in charge of financial and economic policy. The ministry was established on 8 September 1802, and reorganized in 1810–11. By the end of the 19th century, it consi ...
*
Russian Council of Ministers The Russian Council of Ministers is an executive governmental council that brings together the principal officers of the Executive Branch of the Russian government. This includes the chairman of the government and ministers of federal government de ...


References


External links


Историческая справка
- Росимущество.
Глава 12. Государственные имущества в России. Значение государственных имуществ в истории русского государственного хозяйства.
Учебник финансового права. Иловайский С.И. - Одесса, - 1904г. // Allpravo.Ru -2005
Развитие органов администрации сельского хозяйства и государственных имуществ.
Ивановский В. Государственное право. Известия и ученые записки Казанского университета. №5 1895 г. - №11 1896 г. // Allpravo.Ru -2005 {{authority control Government ministries of the Russian Empire Agricultural organizations based in Russia Forestry in Russia 1837 establishments in the Russian Empire 1917 disestablishments in Russia Defunct forestry agencies